sStages of Sigmund Freud’s Jean Piaget’s Erik Erikson’s Lev Vygotsky’s Bronfenbrenner’s

development

Pre-natal Oral stage Semi-motor Trust vs. Microsystem

period Birth to 18 stage mistrust - The microsystem
From months Birth to infancy From birth to 18 is a child's
conception to -the mouth is -During this months immediate
birth the all-absorbing period, your -During this surroundings. The
organ of little one learns stage, the infant idea of the
pleasure. During about the world is uncertain microsystem is a
the oral stage, by using their about the world part of the
the infant's senses to in which they ecological systems
primary source interact with live, and looks theory, which says
of interaction their towards their that a child's
occurs through surroundings. primary development is
the mouth, so They touch caregiver for best understood
the rooting and things, lick stability and by examining the
sucking reflex is them, bang consistency of context of the
especially them together care. child's
important. The (with joy, we environmental
mouth is vital for might add), and influences.
eating, and the put them into Developmental
infant derives their mouths. psychologist Urie
pleasure from They also begin Bronfenbrenner
oral stimulation to develop fine created this
through motor skills. theory, also
gratifying referred to as the
activities such as bioecological
tasting and systems theory, in
sucking. 1979.
Infancy Anal stage Pre- Autonomy vs. (continuation)
From birth to 18 months to 3 operational shame/doubt Mesosystem- this
18-24 months months stage From 18 layer serves as the
- The major From 2 to 7 months to 3 connection
conflict at this years old years old between the
stage is toilet -The child can - According to structures of the
training--the make mental Erikson, child’s
child has to learn representations children at this microsystem. The
to control his or and able to stage are exosystem
her bodily pretend. focused on contains
needs. developing a environmental
Developing this greater sense of elements that
control leads to self-control. have a profound
a sense of influence on a
accomplishment child's
. development,
even though that
child is not directly
involved with
them.
Middle and late Latency stage Pre-operational Industry vs. Zone of The macrosystem
childhood 6years old to stage inferiority proximal is the largest and
From 6-12 years puberty 8 to 11 years 6 to 12 years development most distant
old - During this old old (ZPD) collection of
stage, the child -The task - During the -The zone of people and places
learns to adapt develops a industry versus proximal to the children
to reality and capacity for inferiority development that still have
 also begins the industry while stage, children (sometimes significant
process of what avoiding an become capable abbreviated influences on
Freud terms excessive sense of performing ZPD), is the them. This
'infantile of inferiority. increasingly difference ecological system
amnesia': the complex tasks. between what a is composed of the
repression of the As a result, they learner can do children's cultural
child's earliest strive to master without help patterns and
traumatic, overly new skills. and what he or values, specifically
sexual or evil she can do with their dominant
memories. help. beliefs and ideas,
as well as political
and economic
systems.
Adolescence Genital stage Formal Identity vs. role (Continuation) (Continuation)
13 to 18 years Puberty onwards operational confusion Vygotsky stated The macrosystem
old - The genital stage 12 to 18 years that a child is the larger
stage in 12 to 15 years old Zone of culture as a whole
psychoanalysis is old - During this Proximal and includes
the term used by -This stage gains stage, Development socioeconomic
Sigmund Freud the ability to adolescents follows an status, wealth,
to describe the think in an search for a adult's example poverty, and
final stage of abstract sense of self and gradually ethnicity. This
human manner by and personal develops the further includes
psychosexual manipulating identity, ability to do children, their
development.[1] ideas in their through an certain tasks parents and
The individual head, without intense without help or school, and their
develops a any exploration of assistance. parent's
strong sexual dependence on personal values, Vygotsky’s workplace as part
interest in concrete beliefs, and often-quoted of a larger cultural
people outside manipulation. goals. definition of context.
of the family. zone of
his stage begins proximal
around the time development
that puberty presents it as
starts, and ends
at death.
Middle Generosity vs. (Continuation) (Continuation)
adulthood stagnation "the distance Chronosystem
30-60 years old - During this between the -The fifth and final
time, adults actual level of
strive to create developmental Bronfenbrenner's
or nurture level as ecological systems
things that will determined by theory is known as
outlast them; independent the chronosystem.
often by problem solving This system
parenting and the level of consists of all of
children or potential the experiences
contributing to development as that a person has
positive determined had during his or
changes that through her lifetime,
benefit other problem solving including
people. One under adult environmental
thing to note guidance, or in events, major life
about this stage collaboration transitions, and
is that life with more historical events.
events tend to capable peers." sUrie
be less age- When a more Bronfenbrenner
specific than knowledgeable created his
they are during person assists ecological systems
early-stage and the child to theory to explain
late-stage life. accomplish a how their
task which he immediate and
or she cannot surrounding
accomplish environment
 independently affects the way in
is called: which children
grow and develop.
Late Integrity vs. (Continuation)
adulthood despair Scaffolding
61 years old - At the integrity refers to the
and above versus despair way the adult
stage, the key guides the
conflict centers child's learning
on questioning via focused
whether or not questions and
the individual positive
has led a interactions.
meaningful,
satisfying life.