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MIKROBIOLOGI
LINGKUNGAN
DWICA WULANDARI, ST., MT., M.Sc
TEKNIK LINGKUNGAN

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Copyright © Univesitas Indonesia 2021
MIKROBIOLOGI
LINGKUNGAN

Referensi :
Ian L.P., Charles P.G., Terry J.G. 2015. Environmental Microbiology, 3rd ed. Elsevier.
Amsterdam.
Johnson, T.R., Case, C.L. 2010. Laboratory Experiments in Microbiology. Benjamin
Cummings. Pearson. San Fransisco

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 Outline

Air Sampling strategies and Methods

Air Sampling Processing

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 AIR SAMPLING

• Verification of ventilation and cleanliness

• Establish baseline data
• Post infection evaluation (outbreak investigation)
• Rule out ventilation as a source
• Discover source of infectious fungi (reservoir)
• Construction, renovation, repair of certain buildings such as
hospitals
• Employee complaints
• Research

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 AIR SAMPLING

Important Facts:
• Air has no indigenous or native flora
• Organisms are found temporarily
suspended in air or carried on dust
particles or droplets
• Air is not sterile
• Air does not support the growth of
organisms

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 Before Microbiological
Air Sampling…

• Define your objective and analytical approach

– Qualitative vs. quantitative
• Compare indoor results to counts from outdoor air
• Fully describe the circumstances in the area where
sampling is occurring
• High volume sampling most efficient
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 TOOLS OPTIONS BASED ON

• Availability,
• Cost,
• Volume of air to be sampled,
• Mobility
• Sampling efficiency (for the particular
type of bioaerosol) and
• The environmental conditions under
which sampling will be conducted
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 Before Microbiological
Air Sampling…

• To determine bacteria and fungi identities and concentration in

biological aerosols
• Requires an understanding of what is being measured and a full
description of the circumstances during sampling

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 METHODS

• Major methods:
–Impingement in liquids
–Impaction on solid surfaces
–Centrifugation
–Filtration and Deposition

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 Impingement

the trapping of airborne particles in a liquid matrix;

• easy to use, • no particle size
• inexpensive, discrimination, which
• portable, reliable, prevents accurate
• easily sterilized characterization of the
• have high biological sizes of the airborne
sampling efficiency particles that are
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 Impingement

RATE : 12.5 L/min at a height of 1.5 m, which is the aver- age breathing height for
humans.
SIZE : The impingers tend to be very efficient for particles in the range of 0.8 to 15
μm.
VOLUME : The usual volume of collection medium is 20 ml,
TIME : the typical sampling duration is approximately 20 minutes, which prevents
evaporation during the sampling in warm climates, or the freezing of the liquid
medium when sam- pling at lower temperatures. :

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 Impingement

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 Impaction

forced deposition of airborne particles on a solid surface

• Air is sucked through the sampling port and

strikes agar plates.
• Larger particles are collected on the first
layer,
• each successive stage collects smaller and
smaller particles by increasing the flow
velocity and consequently the impaction
potential.

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 CENTRIFUGATION

• Air is drawn into the sampler at an angle (tangential) to

the walls of the device so that it circulates around and
down the walls.
• As it circulates the decrease in the diameter of the
sampling body causes a dramatic increase in the velocity
of the air and subsequently on particle’s terminal velocity.
• This increase in gravitational settling potential causes the
particles to be trapped in the lower collection chamber
because their “centrifugally increased” mass prevents
them from existing with the return air flow.
• Analysis is pe formed by rising the sampler with an eluent
medium, collection of the eluent and subsequent assay by
standard methodologies.

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 CENTRIFUGATION

• can be effective for microbiological

air sampling.
• relatively inexpensive,
• easily steril- ized and portable,

lacks high biological sampling efficiency and

particle sizing capabilities.

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 FILTRATION AND DISPOSITION

low cost Filter sampling requires a vacuum source

and involves passage of air through a
filter, where the particles are trapped.
Membrane filters can have variable pore
sizes that tend to restrict flow rates.
After collection, the filter is washed to
remove the organisms before analysis.
Filtration sampling for microorganisms is not highly recommended
because it has a low overall sampling efficiency and it is not portable.

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 ProcessingAir Sampling
Water Samples: Sample
for Virus Analysis

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 ASSIGNMENT

(Ian L.P., Charles P.G., Terry J.G. 2015. Environmental

Microbiology, 3rd ed. Elsevier. Amsterdam) chapter 8.3
•Resume maksimal 3 halaman A4
•Tulis tangan, rapi, dan bisa dibaca dengan jelas
•Resume difoto/discan kemudian diunggah di
•EMAS sesuai kelas masing-masing
•Maksimal pengumpulan resume sebelum
•perkuliahan minggu depan
Senin 29 Maret 2021, maksimal 15.00 WIB
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 ASSIGNMENT

- Cari jurnal /penelitian terkait mikroorganisme di udara

- Diskusikan :Tujuan, Metode dan pengambilan sampelnya,
hasilnya.

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