MANTLE

CONVECTION
Describe the possible causes of
plate movement. (S10ES-Ia-j-36.5)
Learning Competency
 KWL CHART
What do you What do you still What did you
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 1. A convection current is caused by
differences in temperature resulting to
variation in ______.

a. air pressure c. density

b. color d. mass
 1. A convection current is caused by
differences in temperature resulting to
variation in ______.

a. air pressure c. density

b. color d. mass
CONVECTION CURRENT
WARM FLUIDS rises less dense

COLD FLUIDS sinks more dense

2. Scientists believe that the motion of
tectonic plates is caused by ______.

a. c.
pressure in convection
Earth’s crust currents

b. d.
heat in the
conveyor belts Earth’s core
2. Scientists believe that the motion of
tectonic plates is caused by ______.

a. c.
pressure in convection
Earth’s crust currents

b. d.
heat in the
conveyor belts Earth’s core
Plates move slowly and continuously
when the hot less dense material
rises. The rising hot material cools
down in a certain area.
Hence, it becomes denser than the
cool, dense material sinks that
creates convection cell, with hot
rising currents and cool sinking
currents are regularly repeated and
become a cycle.
The movement of the lithospheric
plate is attributed to mantle
convection and considered as one of
the driving mechanisms for plate
motion.
3. It is a measure of how much mass
there is in a volume of a substance.

a. volume c. density

b. temperature d. mass
3. It is a measure of how much mass
there is in a volume of a substance.

a. volume c. density

b. temperature d. mass
VOLUME MASS DENSITY
measures how measures the shows the
much space a amount of amount of
substance matter in the matter in a
occupies. substance. given space for
a substance.
4. Hot molten materials in a convection
cell rises near the ______.

a. outer core c. inner core

b. crust d. mantle
4. Hot molten materials in a convection
cell rises near the ______.

a. outer core c. inner core

b. crust d. mantle
Convection current also happens in
the mantle. The mantle is the second
inner layer of Earth, made up of
mostly hot rocks and magma. It is a
very hot layer because of the heat
generated by the core.
The source of heat from the core is
due to the decay or breakdown of
radioactive elements. Mantle
convection is a process by which
thermal convection occurs in the inner
layer of the earth.
The differences in the temperature at
the Earth’s interior and surface cause
convection currents to occur within the
mantle.
 5. The idea that Earth’s lithosphere is
broken up into separate plates that float
on the mantle is the theory of ______.

a. c.
tectonic
continental drift movement

b. seafloor
spreading d. plate tectonics
 5. The idea that Earth’s lithosphere is
broken up into separate plates that float
on the mantle is the theory of ______.

a. c.
tectonic
continental drift movement

b. seafloor
spreading d. plate tectonics
Plate Tectonic Theory was developed
in 1960s, stating that the Earth’s
lithosphere-the crust and the upper
mantle- is broken up into several
pieces called plates that move slowly.
It explains how the massive plates
move along the different types of
plate tectonic boundaries (convergent,
divergent, and transform fault) where they
interact, and the geologic events
(earthquakes and subduction) and geologic
features (formation of mountains, volcanoes, and
trenches) that occur at their boundaries.
6. The region in which one plate moves
under another is ______.

a. c.
magma
rift valley chamber

b. subduction
zone d. vent
6. The region in which one plate moves
under another is ______.

a. c.
magma
rift valley chamber

b. subduction
zone d. vent
Subduction zone is formed if one
plate moves underneath the other.
7. The motion of gas or liquid caused by
differences in temperature is a ______.

a. c.
tectonic convection
movement current

b. plate tectonic d. magma

chamber
7. The motion of gas or liquid caused by
differences in temperature is a ______.

a. c.
tectonic convection
movement current

b. plate tectonic d. magma

chamber
A convection current is a heat
transfer process that involves the
movement of energy from one place
to another. The convection currents
tend to move a fluid, gas particles, or
molten rock.
These are due to the differences in
the densities and the temperature
of a specific gas or a fluid. Due to
this temperature difference, the hot
fluid tends to rise as it expands,
whereas cold fluid tends to sink
because it contracts.
 8. A driving force for plate motion at
mid-ocean ridges as a result of the rigid
lithosphere sliding down ______.

a. c.
convection
slab pull current

b. ridge push d. seafloor

spreading
 8. A driving force for plate motion at
mid-ocean ridges as a result of the rigid
lithosphere sliding down ______.

a. c.
convection
slab pull current

b. ridge push d. seafloor

spreading
Ridge push happens when the
lithosphere is pushed up by the
asthenosphere because of convection
currents from the mantle. Gravity
pushes the plate down the ridge and
a new crust is formed.
Slab pull (gravity) takes place when
subducting slab sinks into the hot
mantle because of a difference in
temperature. The rest of the plate to
which the slab is attached to is being
pulled in as well.
 9. The process of one plate moving
under another plate is called ______.

a. c.
seafloor
drifting spreading

b. plate tectonics d. subduction

 9. The process of one plate moving
under another plate is called ______.

a. c.
seafloor
drifting spreading

b. plate tectonics d. subduction

 10. Tectonic plates ride on ______.

a. inner core c. outer core

b. asthenosphere d. lithosphere
 10. Tectonic plates ride on ______.

a. inner core c. outer core

b. asthenosphere d. lithosphere
Lithospheric plates are the parts of
the uppermost layer of the Earth, and
they are flowing in an area called the
asthenosphere.
The asthenosphere is a soft, less rigid
upper part of the mantle where the
lithospheric plates float and move
around.
11. The region where old crust melted
back into magma is ______.

a. c.
along plate at deep-sea
boundaries trenches

b. at the mid-
ocean ridge d. volcano
11. The region where old crust melted
back into magma is ______.

a. c.
along plate at deep-sea
boundaries trenches

b. at the mid-
ocean ridge d. volcano
 12. Which of the following is NOT a
method of heat transfer?

a. condensation c. conduction

b. convection d. radiation
 12. Which of the following is NOT a
method of heat transfer?

a. condensation c. conduction

b. convection d. radiation
13. The plastic-like upper portion of the
mantle is called ______.

a. the magma c. the lithosphere

b. the core d. the asthenosphere

13. The plastic-like upper portion of the
mantle is called ______.

a. the magma c. the lithosphere

b. the core d. the asthenosphere

 14. Which of the following is NOT a
driving force of tectonic plates?

a. ridge push c. drag force

b. d.
mantle
slab pull convection
 14. Which of the following is NOT a
driving force of tectonic plates?

a. ridge push c. drag force

b. d.
mantle
slab pull convection
 TWO TYPES OF FORCES
DRIVING RESISTING
FORCES FORCES
Either push tectonic Act against the
plates toward each driving forces of
other or pull them plate tectonics.
apart.
 TWO TYPES OF FORCES
DRIVING FORCES RESISTING
FORCES
Mantle convection Slab resistance
Slab pull Collisional resistance
Slab suction Transform fault
Ridge push resistance
Drag force
 15. What is the source of heat in a
mantle convection current?

a. the Sun c. the core

b. the crust d. the moon

 15. What is the source of heat in a
mantle convection current?

a. the Sun c. the core

b. the crust d. the moon

CRUST LITHOSPHERE ASTHENOSPHERE
200 – 400 300 – 500 degrees 4500 degrees celsius
degrees celsius
celsius

OUTER CORE INNER CORE

4400 degrees celsius 5505 degrees celsius
LET’S TRY THIS!
1. What represents the plates?
2. What represents the mantle?
3. Where is the source of heat?
4. Why are the blocks of wood
floating?
5. Which part of the water has a
greater density? lesser density?
6. Explain convection current.
 Arrange the following events in the mantle
convection process. Use numbers 1-5.
Lithospheric plates move in the asthenosphere due to the
4 rising and sinking of materials.
The decomposition of radioactive elements causes heat in
1 the interior part of the Earth.
Heat slowly rises to the mantle and creates convection
3 current.
2 Heat moves to the core.

5 The process repeats as a cycle.

COOKING BY CONVECTION
Mantle convection
Have a great
day!