Ararat Private Technical Institute

Drilling Oil Wells Department

Student Names Drilling Equipment Technology

• araz rashed ali
• Salah hassan khuder
• Alnd qais mohamed taher (Mud Balance) Supervisor by: Khairi A. Omar
• Ayob ebrahim ismail
• shakr abdullah kamal Date of test : 22/10/2021

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Aim
This determine and prepare a mud and find a density by mud balance and to know the relationship between
weight and density

Vs *ds +Vs * ds = Vm *dm

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THEROY
A device to measure density (weight) of mud,other liquid. A mud balance consists of a fixed-volume mud cup with a lid on one end of a
graduated beam and a counterweight on the other end. A slider-weight can be moved along the beam, and a bubble indicates when the beam is
level. Density is read at the point where the slider-weight sits on the beam at level Drilling fluid -mud - is usually a mixture of water, clay,
weighing material and a few chemicals. Sometimes oil may be used instead of water, or oil added to the water to give the mud certain desirable
properties.Drilling fluid is used to raise the cuttings made by the bit and lift them to the surface for disposal.But one of the major functions of a
drilling fluid includes providing hydrostatic pressure to prevent formation fluids from entering the wellbore. To ensure that the hydrostatic
pressure balances out with formation pressure and that the wellbore is stable, the mud density has to be taken into consideration. Higher formation
Material
pressure require higher material
mud density (this can be achieved by adding more barite to the drilling fluid) and vice versa. Using an incorrect drilling
fluid (in terms of its mud density), can result in a formation damage thereby leading to a well blowout. also we can use other material for preparing
mud with different material also we can get a different specific gravity and density

Density and Specific gravity

material Specific gravity Density (ppg)

Water 1 8.33

Bentonite 2.5 20.8

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Barite 4.2 35 3
Introduction to experiment

Mud balance:- is one of the most sensitive and accurate field instruments available for determining the density or
weight- per-unit-volume (specific gravity) of drilling fluids.

Bentonite:- is an absorbent aluminium phyllosilicate, impure clay consisting mostly of montmorillonite. The
absorbent clay was given the name bentonite

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Mud mixture this device used for mixture well water and

Bentonite
Mud mixture

Weight Balance
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 Steel Vesels
Bentonite

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 Procedure
Calibration
1. Remove the lid from the cup, and completely fill the cup with water.
2. Replace the lid and wipe dry.
3. Replace the balance arm on the base with knife-edge resting on the fulcrum.
4. The level vial should be centered when the rider is set on 8.33 ppg. If not, add to or
remove shot from the well in the end of the bream.

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Procedure
Preparing of mud
1.Removee the lid from the cup, and completely fill the cup with the mud to be tested.
2. Replace the lid and rotate until firmly seated, making sure some mudis expelled through the hole in the cup.
3. Wash or wipe the mud from the outside of the cup.
4. Place the balance arm on the base, with the knife-edge resting on the fulcrum.
5. Move the rider until the graduated arm is level, as indicated by thelevel vial on the beam.
6. At the left-hand edge of the rider, read the density on either side of thelever in all desired units without
disturbing the rider

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DISCUSION

Q/what will effect of temperature on (ideal test) ?

-The temperature effected on density of liquid, so we should be do this experiment in room temperature to get an
accuracy result

Q/what’s the factors get you error?

*if you don't use pure water content a many impurity that effected on density
Quality of Bentonite

*accuracy of the mud balance and weighting balance

Q/why we don't use hydrometer instated of mud balanced while both equipment can get a density of liquid ?

basically hydrometer used for finding a density ,but mud balance direct proportional relationship between density
and weight because the weight of mud working like hydrostatic pressure in drilling useful for a Pressure control.
The drilling mud can be the first line of defense against a blowout or loss
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of well control caused by formation pressures
Hydrostatic pressure increases as the mud density increases.

Q/why the Mud density so important ?

-Mud has many functions<including :

-transporting cutting
-Serves as a medium for formation logging
-transmitting power to bit nozzles or turbines
-cooling and lubrication of bit and drill string.
-reducing formation damages -protecting cutting
-Supports the weight of pipe and casing
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One of its most important function is to provide the hydrostatic pressure to balance formation pressure This is why the mud
density is so important

Q/ How is setting a mud pumps pressure in a various weight of mud ?

When we have a high density mud (heavy weight) we should use a different quantity pressure as low density mud(light
weight),so with increasing mud weight we should increasing mud pump pressure other wise

A change in mud weight will also affect pump pressure.

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 Increasing the mud weight will cause the pressure to increase

Decreasing the mud weight will cause the pressure to decrease

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Q/ why we should be make sure of clean and dry mud balance before using and wipe after get in mud in cup and close lid?
-For accurate of test, we should be carefully doing this test because the density will change could be hand out a lot money and
time.

Q/why we use a syringe at measurement water after taking in glass cylinder while the cylinder had scale ?
-Ecausee the cylinder did not have a small (accurate) scale ,so use the syringe to pull out water.

Q/Q / Why we use the paper Before measuring bentonite , we calibrate the weight balance by placing a sheet of paper , to
obtain an accurate reading of the weight of the bentonite ?
- Because sheet of paper no weight to obtain an accurate reading of the weight of the bentonite

Q/ How much Unite the mud balance had which one common?
mud weight is the density of the drilling fluid and is normally measured in pounds per gallon (lbm/gal) (ppg) or pound cubic
feet (pcf). In the field it is measured using a mud scale or mud balance.
• pounds per gallon
• specificc gravity
• pounds per cubic foot pounds per square inch per 1,000 feet of depth

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REFRENCES
Mud Balances - FANN@. 2015. Mud Balances - FANNE. [ONLINE) Available at:

http://www.fann.com/fann/products/drilling-fluids-testing/mud-balances/df-mudbalance.page?node_-id=-hizOhxo5

[Accessed 17 November 2015 .

Mud balance - Schlumberger Oilfield Glossary. 2015. mud balance - Schlumberger Oilfield Glossary
. (ONLINE] Available at:
http://www.glossary.oilfield.sib.com/en/Tems/m/mudbalance.aspx.
[Accessed 18 November 2015 Well Control - Apps for Drilling & Workover Operations. 2015.

Well Control – Apps for Driling & Workover Operations. (ONLINE] Available at: http://www.wellcontrol.com.br/?pag-
kicktolerance. (Accessed 19 November 2015).

Mud Weight Marsh Funnel Viscosity And pH – Drilling Engineering. 2015. Mud Weight Marsh Funnel Viscosity and pH –
Driling Engineering. (ONLINE Available at: http://www.netwasgroup.us/engineering 3'mud-weight-marsh- funnel-
viscosity-and ph.html. [Accessed 19 November 2015].

Well Kill Using Wait and Weight Method (Balanced Method). 2015. Well Kill Using Wait and Weight Method (Balanced
Method). [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.wipertrip.com/well-control/secondary-control486 well-kil- using-wait-and
weight-method-balanced-method.html. [Accessed 19 November 2015].
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