this video is a basic geometry review

for those who are taking the sat or the

ht exam

and if you're taking a geometry final

exam you could benefit from this video

too

so let's go over some common shapes and

the formulas they need to know

so let's say if we have a circle i know

my drone is not that great but

let's work with it and let's say that

the radius of the circle

is five

given the radius what is the

circumference of the circle

and also what is the area

the first formula you need to know the

circumference is 2 pi r

so therefore it's going to be 2 pi times

which is 10 pi

so that's the exact answer sometimes you

may need to

put this in your calculator and get a

decimal value

so you could use the fact that pi is

about

3.1416

so this is going to be 31.416

so that's the circumference now what is

the equation for the area of a circle

the area of a circle is pi r

squared so for this particular example

it's pi times 5 squared 5 squared is 25

so the area is 25 pi

so 25 times

pi i'm going to use the exact value as a

decimal that's 78.54

now what about the diameter if you know

the radius of the circle what is the

diameter

so the radius is between the center of

the circle

and it touches any point on the circle

that's the radius

the diameter also passes through the

center of the circle

but it's the distance from one edge of

the circle all the way to the other edge

and it always has to pass through the

center of the circle

if you have a line that touches two

points in the circle but doesn't pass

through the circle

i mean the center of the circle that is

it's a chord

so this line it touches these two points

on the circle but it doesn't pass the

center
of the circle so that makes the chord

but a diameter

is between two points on the edge of the

circle and then diameter passes through

the center of the circle

so make sure you know the difference

between the diameter and the chord

the diameter is twice the value of the

radius it's 2r

so in this case 2 times 5 is 10.

so for a circle these are the three main

equations you need to know

the circumference 2 pi r the area

pi r squared and the diameter is twice

the length of the radius

now the next shape that we're going to

talk about is the square

so let's say that the side length of the

square is 8.

what is the area and what is the

perimeter of the square

the area of a square is basically side

squared

all sides of the square are the same

so in this case s is eight so the area

is just going to be

eight squared which is 64 square units

now to find the perimeter the perimeter

is the sum

of the four sides it's s plus s plus

s plus s if you add s four times it's

the same as four times s

so the perimeter is four times eight so

it's 32 units long

so make sure you know those two

equations four square the area is side

squared

the perimeter is simply the sum of all

four sides or 4s

now here's a question for you going back

to the square let's say

the area is 36

square feet what is the perimeter of the

square

so we know that the area is s squared

by the way for each of these questions

pause the video and see if you can

figure it out

so the area is 36 if we take the square

root of both sides

we can get the length of each side

so each side is six units long

therefore the perimeter is six plus six

plus six plus six

four times or four times six so it's 24

feet long that's the perimeter

now going back to the circle

let's say if we're given the

circumference of the circle

let's say the circumference is 16 pi

with this information

find the length of the diameter and also

the area

of the circle

so first we need to find the radius we

know that the circumference

is 2 pi r and the circumference is 16 pi

so what we need to do is divide both

sides by 2 pi

so 2 pi divided by 2 pi is 1 here the

pi's cancel

so the radius is 16 divided by 2 so it's

8 units long

if you have the radius you can easily

find the diameter the radius is twice

the length of the diameter

so it's 16 units so now we can find the

area which is simply pi

r squared so it's pi times 8 squared

or simply 64 pi

so that's the area now let's say if you

have a rectangle

and let's say the length of the

rectangle is 10 and the width is 5.

what is the area and what is the

perimeter of the rectangle

feel free to pause the video and find

these two things

so this is the length this is the width

this side is also

the width and this is the length the

area is simply length times width

the perimeter is 2l plus 2w

so the area is going to be 10 times 5

so it's 50 square units the perimeter

is going to be 2 times 10 plus 2 times

5.

2 times 10 is 20 2 times 5 is 10

20 plus 10 is 30.

so the perimeter is 30 units long and

the area

is 50 square units

so let's say if

the area is 40 units long

and let's say the length is 8 units

what is the perimeter of the rectangle

go ahead and try that problem so the

left is eight

we don't know the width but we could

find the width by

using this equation so 40 is equal to

8 times w so w is 40 divided by 8

so it's 5 units long and then once you

have

the width you can now find a perimeter

so it's going to be 2l plus 2w

so it's a 2 times 8 plus 2 times 5

and that's 16 plus 10 which is 26.

so here's a practice problem you could

try so go ahead and take a minute and

see if you figure it out

the length of a rectangle is three more

than twice the width

if the area is 44 square centimeters

what is the perimeter of the rectangle

so take a minute and work on that

problem so let's draw a picture

so this is the left this is the width

now let's write an equation the length

is three more or three plus twice the

width that's 2w

and we know the area is 44 square units

what is the perimeter of rectangle

we could find the left and the width

then we could find the perimeter

the area we know it's a length times

width

and what we can do if we want to is we

can replace

l with 3 plus 2w

so we can get the area equation in terms

of w alone

so we got to solve this by substitution

so 3

plus 2w times w is equal to 44.

now let's distribute w so w times three

is three w w times two w is two w

squared
now let's move the forty four from the

left side to the right side

so zero is equal to two w squared plus

three w

minus 44. so what we have is a trinomial

or quadratic expression

and we need to factor it in order to

find the value of w

so how can we factor this particular

trinomial

what we need to do first is multiply the

leading coefficient

which is 2 by the constant term negative

44.

2 times negative 44 is negative 88.

so what two numbers multiply to negative

88 but add to the middle coefficient 3.

this is positive 11 and negative 8.

11 plus negative 8 adds up to 3 but they

multiply to negative 88.

so now what we're going to do is we're

going to replace

the middle term 3w with 11w

and negative 8w so it's going to be 0 is

equal to

2w squared minus 8w

plus 11w minus 44.

i wanted to put the 11 next to the 44

because
44 is a multiple of 11 and 8 is a

multiple of 2

so in the next step we're going to

factor by grouping and that's why i've

arranged it the way i did

so in the first two terms let's take out

the gcf

the greatest common factor is 2w

2w squared divided by 2w that's going to

be w

negative 8w divided by two w is negative

four

in the last two terms let's take out an

11.

and let's get rid of some of this stuff

over here

actually i'm going to need that so let's

just

get rid of this and i don't think i need

this for now

so we take out an 11 11 w divided by 11

is w and negative 44 divided by 11

and that's negative four

so now let's factor w minus four

when those two terms are the same that

means that you're on the right track

you've done everything correctly so far

so if we take out w minus 4 from this

term

what we're going to have left over is

the 2w and if we take it out from the

second term

we're going to have 11 left over but

it's going to be plus 11.

so now what we need to do is set both

factors w minus 4

and 2w plus 11 equal to 0.

so if we add 4 to both sides we can see

that

w is equal to 4. and the other equation

we got to start by subtracting both

sides by 11.

so w 2w is equal to negative 11. and if

we divide by 2

w is negative 11 over 2. now we're going

to get rid of the negative answer

because we're dealing with a real life

object and to have

a side length of negative 5.5 it doesn't

make sense

so we're going to choose this value w is

equal to 4.

so if w is 4 we can now find the length

which is 3 plus 2w or 3 plus two times

four so that's three plus eight and

that's 11.

so the length is 11 and the width is

four and we can see why

the area is left times width four times

11

which is 44 so that works out now we can

find the perimeter

the perimeter is 2l plus 2w

so that's 2 times 11 plus 2 times 4

and so that's 22 plus 8 which is 30.

so that's the answer to this particular

problem that's the perimeter of the

rectangle

by the way for those of you who are

taking the act exam

or the sat exam when you get a chance

go to youtube and search out my act math

video and sat math video

you can get more examples and multiple

choice practice problems if you want to

practice and prepare for the math

sections of those exams

i'm also going to post it at the last 20

seconds

in the end of this video so you could

find the link there as well or you just

search it to youtube it should come up

but let's continue with this problem the

length of a rectangle is three more than

its width

if the perimeter is 26 what is the area

of the rectangle

so go ahead and try that problem

now we know the perimeter is 2l plus 2w

so 26 is equal to 2l plus 2w

now notice that we could simplify this

equation

let's divide everything by 2.

so 13 is equal to l plus w

our goal is to find the area of the

rectangle

if we could find the dimensions if we

could find the length and the width

then we could easily find the area now

we're told that the length

is three more than its width so l

is three plus w so we're going to do at

this point

is replace l with three plus w

so 13 is equal to three plus w

plus w so that's 3 plus 2w

now we can find the value of w let's

subtract both sides by 3.

so 10 is equal to 2w and if we divide

both sides by 2

10 divided by 2 is 5. so w is 5.

l is 3 more than w so 3

plus 5 is 8. so l is 8.

so we have the width and we have the

length

now we know that the area is length

times width

or eight times five so it's 40

square units and that's the answer

now let's talk about triangles let's say

if we have a right triangle and let's

say

on one side one of the legs is three and

the other leg is four

what is the hypotenuse of the triangle

let's call the side a b and c according

to the pythagorean theorem

a squared plus b squared is equal to c

squared

so we can say a is string b is four

and let's find c three squared is nine

four squared is sixteen

and nine plus sixteen is twenty-five

so if you take the square root of

twenty-five

this will give you 5. so the length of

the hypotenuse

which is the side across the 90 degree

angle represented by this box

that is 5 units long

let's try another example

let's say the hypotenuse is

13 units long and one of the legs is 5.

find the missing side now you need to

know some special numbers

for a right triangle there's the 3 4

5 triangle there's the 5 12 13 triangle

which is the one that we need so notice

that the missing side is 12

and some other ones they need to know is

the 7 24

25 triangle the 8 15

17 triangle there's the 9 40

41 triangle and also the 11 60 61

triangle

so if you know these triangles you don't

have to use the pythagorean theorem

the formula you could just simply find a

missing number

but let's confirm it using pythagorean

theorem let's prove that this is 12.

so we know that a squared plus b squared

is equal to c squared and our goal let's

say we're looking for b

so a is 5 and the hypotenuse c

is 13. 5 squared is 25

13 squared 13 times 13 is 169

and if we subtract both sides by 25 169

minus 25 is 144 so now we've got to take

the square

root of 144 which is 12.

so it pays to know the special by

triangles

here's another example

so let's say that the hypotenuse

is 10 and one of the size is six

what is the miss inside go ahead and

pause the video and figure it out

so let's write the special triangles 3 4

5 12 13 8 15 17 and so forth

notice that if we take the 3 4 5

triangle and if we multiply

everything by two

notice what happens we're going to get

the six eight

ten triangle so multiples of the three

four five triangle

also apply to a right triangle here this

is six

this is ten the missing number is eight

so x is eight

so let's prove that so a squared plus b

squared is equal to c squared

a is six we're looking for b and the

hypotenuse is ten

six squared is thirty six ten squared is

one hundred

a hundred minus thirty six is sixty four

and the square root of sixty four

will give us the missing side which is

eight

so let me give you a few examples for

all of these

find the missing side

find the value of x

you can get started with the first

example

you

okay so let's start with the first one

the first one is associated with the 7

24 25 triangle therefore

x is 25. now for the second one

it's associated with the 8 15 17

triangle

we have 15 and 17. so the missing side

has to be eight

now for the third one notice that

it's proportional to the three four five

triangle

it's not proportional to any other right

triangle

so if we multiply these numbers by three

we're going to get two of the numbers

that we have in the triangle

three times three is nine four times

three is twelve

five times three is fifteen so if you

see

two sides present then you know the

third side has to be twelve

the next one is simply the nine is the

40

actually i messed up on this one i meant

this to be nine it's supposed to be the

9
40 41 but i got mixed up with the 11 60

61 so

that's a bad problem ignore it now the

next one is associated with the 5

12 13 triangle if we multiply those

numbers by 2

it's going to be 5 times 2 is 10. 12

times 2

is 24 13 times 2 is 26

so we have two of these numbers 10 and

26 so the missing side

has to be 24.

now for the last one let me draw because

of all the clutter

this is 30 40 and we're looking for x

notice that this is similar to the 3 4 5

triangle

so if we multiply 3 by 10 we get 30 4 by

10

40 so 5 times 10 is 50 so the hypotenuse

is 50.

here's another problem that you could

try at rectangle a b

c d a b is

12 units long and ac

is 13 units long what is the area of the

rectangle

now rectangles they form 90 degree

angles

and look at the triangle that forms we

have a right triangle

if this is 12 and that's 13 what is the

missing side

so we know this is the 5 12 13 triangle

so length bc is 5.

so now we can find the area the area of

the rectangle is length times width

the length is 12 the width is 5.

so it's just 12 times 5 which is 16.

so as you can see you can find the

answer quickly

if you know you specify triangles you

don't have to use a pythagorean formula

if you commit this to mermaid it will

save you a lot of time

and on the sat test and on the act test

time is a factor so you want to find the

answer quickly

you