9

Quadratic Equations:
Nature of the Roots of a Quadratic Equation
and
Relationship between the Coefficients and the Roots
of Quadratic Equation

Learner's Module in Mathematics 9

Quarter 1 ● Week 3

VIC JOMAR M. LADERAS

CHRISTINE LICKIAS
Developers

Department of Education • Cordillera Administrative Region

NAME:________________________ GRADE AND SECTION ____________

TEACHER: ____________________ SCORE _________________________
 Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Cordillera Administrative Region
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BAGUIO CITY
Military Cut-off, Baguio City

Published by:
DepEd Schools Division of Baguio City
Curriculum Implementation Division

COPYRIGHT NOTICE
2020

Section 9 of Presidential Decree No. 49 provides:

“No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines.
However, prior approval of the government agency of office wherein the work is
created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit.”

This material has been developed for the implementation of K-12 Curriculum
through the DepEd Schools Division of Baguio City - Curriculum Implementation
Division (CID). It can be reproduced for educational purposes and the source must be
acknowledged. Derivatives of the work including creating an edited version, an
enhancement or a supplementary work are permitted provided all original work is
acknowledged and the copyright is attributed. No work may be derived from this
material for commercial purposes and profit.

ii
 What I Need to Knowtives

Hello learner! This module was designed and written with you in mind. Primarily,
its scope is to develop your understanding on the nature of the roots of quadratic
equations using the discriminant and on the relationship between the roots and
coefficients of quadratic equations.

While going through this module, you are expected to:

1. find the discriminant;
2. describe the nature of the roots of a quadratic equation using the discriminant;
3. describe the relationship between the roots and coefficients of quadratic equation
using a formula;
4. determine the sum and product of roots of a quadratic equation using the coefficients;
and
5. find the general form of a quadratic equation given the roots.

By the way, always remember to use the answer sheet for you to write your
answers on the different activities presented in this learning module. DO NOT
ANSWER HERE directly.

Now, here is an outline of the different parts of your learning module. The
descriptions will guide you on what to expect on each part of the module.
Icon Label Description
What I need to This states the learning objectives that you need
know to achieve as you study this module.

What I know This is to check what you already know about the
lesson on this module. If you answered all the
questions here correctly, then you may skip
studying this module.
What’s In This connects the current lesson with a topic or
concept necessary to your understanding.

What’s New This introduces the lesson to be tackled through

an activity.

What Is it This contains a brief discussion of the learning

module lesson. Think of it as the lecture section
of the lesson.
What’s More These are activities to check your understanding
and to apply what you have learned from the
lesson.
What I have This generalizes the essential ideas tackled from
Learned this module.

What I Can Do This is a real-life application of what you have

learned.

Post Assessment This is an evaluation of what you have learned

from this learning material.

Additional Activity This is an activity that will strengthen and fortify

your knowledge about the lesson.

2
 What I Know

If you answer all the test items correctly in this pretest, then you may skip
studying this learning material and proceed to the next learning module.

DIRECTION: Let us determine how much you already know about the nature of the
roots of a quadratic equation. Read and understand each item, then
choose the letter of your answer and write it on your answer sheet.

1) Which of the following expressions describes the discriminant of the quadratic

equation?
A. – b2 – 4ac B. – b2 + 4ac C. b2 – 4ac D. b2 + 4ac
2) What is the nature of the roots of quadratic equation if the value of the discriminant
is 0?
A. Real, irrational and unequal roots C. Real, rational and unequal roots
B. Real and equal roots D. No real roots
3) What is the value of the discriminant of the equation, 3x2 + 5x – 4 = 0?
A. – 23 B. 23 C. – 73 D. 73
4) What is the value of the discriminant of a perfect square trinomial?
A. Positive B. Negative C. Zero D. Undefined
5) Which of the following quadratic equations has no real roots?
A. 2𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 = −5 C. 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 − 8 = 0
B. 6𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 = 2 D. 4𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 4 = 0
6) The discriminant is 9, what is the nature of the roots of quadratic equation?
A. Real, irrational and unequal roots C. Real, rational and unequal roots
B. Real and equal roots D. No real roots
7) What is the nature of the roots of quadratic equation if the value of the discriminant
is negative?
A. Real, irrational and unequal roots C. Real, rational and unequal roots
B. Real and equal roots D. No real roots

3
8) Find the product of the roots of the equation 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 4 = 0.
A. 3 C. 4
B. −3 D. −4

9) In the equation 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0, the sum of roots is _________.

𝑏 𝑐
A. 𝑎 C. 𝑎
𝑏 𝑐
B. − 𝑎 D.− 𝑎

10) In the equation 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0, the product of roots is _________.

𝑏 𝑐
A. 𝑎 C. 𝑎
𝑏 𝑐
B. − 𝑎 D.− 𝑎
11) Without solving for the roots, what is the sum (𝑠) of the roots of 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 10 =
0?
A. 𝑠 = 3 C. 𝑠 = −10
B. 𝑠 = −3 D. 𝑠 = 10
12) Without solving for the roots, what is the product (p) of the roots of 2𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 = 3?
3
A. 𝑝 = − 2 C. 𝑝 = −3
3
B. 𝑝 = 2 D. 𝑝 = 3
13) Without solving for the roots, what is the sum (𝑠) and product (𝑝) of the roots of
4𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 − 1 = 0?
1
A. 𝑠 = 8 𝑝 = −1 C. 𝑠 = 2 𝑝 = − 4
1
B. 𝑠 = −8 𝑝 = −1 D. 𝑠 = −2 𝑝 = − 4
14) If the sum and product of roots of a quadratic equation are 6 𝑎𝑛𝑑 − 4,
respectively, what is the equation?

A. 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 6 = 0 C. 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 − 4 = 0
2
B. 2𝑥 + 4𝑥 − 6 = 0 D. 𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 − 4 = 0
15) If the roots of a quadratic equation are 5 𝑎𝑛𝑑 − 2, what is the equation?
A. 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 10 = 0 C. 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 − 2 = 0
B. 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 10 = 0 D. 𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 − 2 = 0

4
 What’s In

A quadratic equation is given in the form 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0,

where 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐 are real numbers, and 𝑎 ≠ 0.

Before you proceed to the next lesson, it is very important that you take a simple
recall on rewriting quadratic equations in the form of 𝒂𝒙𝟐 + 𝒃𝒙 + 𝒄 = 𝟎 and determining
the values of a, b and c. The exercises below will surely help you do so.

Activity 1. Complete ME! Write the following equations in ax 2  bx  c  0 where

𝑎 > 0, then identify the values of a, b and c.

Quadratic Equations 𝒂𝒙𝟐 + 𝒃𝒙 + 𝒄 = 𝟎 a b c

1. 𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 = 4

2. −4𝑥 2 = 8𝑥 − 3

3. 10 − 𝑥 = 2𝑥 2

4. 7 + 8𝑥 + 𝑥 2 = 0

5. 2𝑥 (𝑥 − 4) = 5

What’s New

−𝑏±√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐
The Quadratic Formula is 𝑥 = . It is one of the
2𝑎
methods in solving quadratic equations. Always
remember this formula.

5
Activity 2. Find My Roots Using the Quadratic Formula.

Find the roots of the following quadratic equations. Determine whether the
roots are real and rational, real and irrational or imaginary and find the sum and
product of their roots. Number 1 is done for you as an example.

STEPS 1. 𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙 = 𝟏𝟐 2. 𝟒𝒙𝟐 + 𝟑𝒙 − 3. 𝟑𝒙𝟐 + 𝟔𝒙 =

𝟐=𝟎 −𝟏𝟎
Write the equation in 𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙 − 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟎
𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0
where 𝑎 > 0
Identify the values of 𝑎 = 1, 𝑏 = −1, 𝑐 = −12
a, b and c.
Substitute the −(−1) ± √(−1)2 − 4(1)(−12)
𝑥=
values of a, b and c 2(1)
in the quadratic
formula:
−𝑏 ± √𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐
𝑥=
2𝑎

Simplify 𝑥=
1 ± √1 + 48
2

1 ± √49
𝑥=
2

1±7
𝑥=
2

1+7 1−7
𝑥= ; 𝑥=
2 2
8 −6
𝑥= ; 𝑥=
2 2

Write the roots. 4 and −3

Describe the roots Real and rational

as real and
rational, real and
irrational, and
imaginary.

Sum of Roots 1
Product of Roots −12

6
 What is It

NATURE OF THE ROOTS OF A QUADRATIC EQUATIONS

By this time you are familiar with 𝒂𝒙𝟐 + 𝒃𝒙 + 𝒄 = 𝟎 and you know
already how to find the roots of a quadratic equation using
Factoring, Extracting the Square Roots, Completing the Square
and the Quadratic Formula. Now, let’s study the nature of the
roots of quadratic equations. Read and understand the
discussions below.

To understand the nature of the roots of a quadratic equation, let us consider

−𝒃±√𝒃𝟐 −𝟒𝒂𝒄
the Quadratic Formula, 𝑥 = , where 𝒃𝟐 − 𝟒𝒂𝒄 is called the discriminant. By
𝟐𝒂
knowing the value of 𝒃𝟐 − 𝟒𝒂𝒄 or the discriminant, you can describe the nature of the
roots of quadratic equation.

The table shows the possible values of the discriminant and nature of the roots
of a quadratic equation.

Discriminant = 𝒃𝟐 − 𝟒𝒂𝒄 Nature of the Roots

Positive and not perfect Real, irrational and unequal roots
square
Positive and is a perfect Real, rational and unequal roots
square
Zero Real and equal roots
Negative Imaginary roots

Now, let us see how this discriminant, 𝒃² − 𝟒𝒂𝒄, can be used to know the
nature of the roots of quadratic equations.

Illustrative examples:
1. Without solving the roots of the quadratic equation, describe the roots of
𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 + 16 = 0.
Write the quadratic equation in the form of 𝒂𝒙𝟐 + 𝒃𝒙 + 𝒄 = 𝟎 .
Note: In this equation, no need to rewrite since it is already written in
𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0
Identify the values of a, b and c.
𝑎=1 𝑏 = −8 𝑐 = 16

7
 Substitute the values of a, b and c in 𝒃𝟐 − 𝟒𝒂𝒄.
𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐
= (−8)2 − 4(1)(16)
= 64 − 64
=0
Since the value of 𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐 is equal to zero, this quadratic equation has real
and equal roots
2. Without solving the roots of the quadratic equation, examine the nature of the
roots of 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 = 1.
Write the quadratic equation in the form of 𝒂𝒙𝟐 + 𝒃𝒙 + 𝒄 = 𝟎.
𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 = 1 Transpose 1 to the left side of the equation
𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 1 = 0
Identify the values of a, b and c.
𝑎 = 1 𝑏 = −4 𝑐 = −1
Substitute the values of a, b and c in 𝒃𝟐 − 𝟒𝒂𝒄
𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐
= (−4)2 − 4(1)(−1)
= 16 + 4
= 20
Since the value of 𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐 is positive and not perfect square, this quadratic
equation has real, irrational and unequal roots.
3. Determine the nature of the roots of 𝑥 2 − 6 = 𝑥
Write the quadratic equation in the form of 𝒂𝒙𝟐 + 𝒃𝒙 + 𝒄 = 𝟎.
𝑥2 − 6 = 𝑥 Transpose 𝑥 to the left side of the equation
𝑥2 − 𝑥 − 6 = 0
Identify the values of a, b and c.
𝑎 = 1 𝑏 = −1 𝑐 = −6
Substitute the values of a, b and c in 𝒃𝟐 − 𝟒𝒂𝒄.
𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐
= (−1)2 − 4(1)(−6)
= 1 + 24
= 25

8
 Since the value of 𝒃𝟐 − 𝟒𝒂𝒄 is positive and is a perfect square, this quadratic
equation has real, rational and unequal roots.

4. Determine the nature of the roots of 8𝑥 2 + 5 = 0

Write the quadratic equation in the form of 𝒂𝒙𝟐 + 𝒃𝒙 + 𝒄 = 𝟎.
Note: In this equation, no need to rewrite since it is already written in 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0
Identify the values of a, b and c.
𝑎 = 8 𝑏= 0 𝑐 = 5
Substitute the values of a, b and c in the form 𝒃𝟐 − 𝟒𝒂𝒄.
𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐
= (0)2 − 4(8)(5)
= 0 − 64
= −64
Since the value of 𝒃𝟐 − 𝟒𝒂𝒄 is negative, this quadratic equation has
imaginary roots.

Are you still OK? Did you understand our lesson? If not,
read and understand again your module. Please do not
be discouraged if you did not understand, so long as,
you are safe and healthy. Anyway, let’s learn more…

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE COEFFICIENTS AND THE ROOTS OF

QUADRATIC EQUATIONS

You have just have learned how to describe the nature

of the roots of quadratic equations. This time let’s
study how the roots are related to the coefficients.
Read and understand the discussions below.

There are interesting and useful relations between the roots and coefficients of
quadratic equations. It is possible to determine the sum and product of the roots
without solving a quadratic equation.

Let us use the roots of the quadratic equation 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0 which are

−𝑏+√𝑏 2 −4𝑎𝑐 −𝑏−√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐

𝑟1 = and 𝑟2 =
2𝑎 2𝑎

9
 To find the sum of roots, we have To find the product of roots, we have

−𝑏+√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐 −𝑏−√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐 −𝑏+√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐 −𝑏−√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐

1. 𝑟1 + 𝑟2 = + 1. 𝑟1 ∙ 𝑟2 = ( )( )
2𝑎 2𝑎 2𝑎 2𝑎
−𝑏+√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐+(−𝑏−√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐) 𝑏2 −(𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐)
2. 𝑟1 + 𝑟2 = 2. 𝑟1 ∙ 𝑟2 =
2𝑎 4𝑎2
−2𝑏 𝑏2 −𝑏2 +4𝑎𝑐
3. 𝑟1 + 𝑟2 = 3. 𝑟1 ∙ 𝑟2 =
2𝑎 4𝑎2
𝒃 4𝑎𝑐
4. 𝒓𝟏 + 𝒓𝟐 = − 4. 𝑟1 ∙ 𝑟2 = 2
𝒂 4𝑎
𝒄
5. 𝒓𝟏 ∙ 𝒓𝟐 =
𝒂

The table above presented a step-by-step derivation of formulas for the sum and
product of roots of quadratic equation. Using the coefficients of the quadratic equation,
it is seen in the formula that the sum of roots is the additive inverse of the quotient of
𝒃 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒂 and the product of roots is the quotient of 𝒄 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒂.
𝒃 𝒄
In symbols, Sum: 𝒓𝟏 + 𝒓𝟐 = − 𝒂 Product: 𝒓𝟏 ∙ 𝒓𝟐 = 𝒂

To solve for the sum and product of roots using the coefficients, here are
the steps:

1. Write the given equation in the form 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0 , where

𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐 are integers, and 𝑎 > 0.
2. Determine the values of 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐.
3. Substitute the values in the formulas for sum and product of roots.
4. Simplify the resulting expressions/values.

Illustrative Examples: Find the sum (𝑠) and product (𝑝) of roots of each
equation without solving for the roots.

1. 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 10 = 0 2. 2𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 + 3 = 0 3. 4𝑥 2 = 2𝑥 + 5

Solution: Solution: Solution:

2
2
𝑥 + 4𝑥 + 10 = 0 2
2𝑥 − 10𝑥 + 3 = 0 4𝑥 − 2𝑥 − 5 = 0

𝑎 = 1, 𝑏 = 4, 𝑐 = 10 𝑎 = 2, 𝑏 = −10, 𝑐 = 3 𝑎 = 4, 𝑏 = −2, 𝑐 = −5

𝑟1 + 𝑟2 𝑟1 + 𝑟2
4 10
𝑟1 + 𝑟2 = − 𝑟1 ∙ 𝑟2 = (−10) (−2) −5
1 1 =− 3 =− 𝑟1 ∙ 𝑟2 =
𝑟1 ∙ 𝑟2 = 10 2 𝑟1 ∙ 𝑟2 = 4 4
2 1
𝑟1 + 𝑟2 = −4 𝑟1 + 𝑟2 =
𝑟1 + 𝑟2 = 5 2

𝟑 𝟏 −𝟓
𝒔 = −𝟒 𝒑 = 𝟏𝟎 𝒔= 𝟓 𝒑= 𝒔= 𝒑=
𝟐 𝟐 𝟒

10
 The relations that exist between the roots of a quadratic equation which can be
used in checking the validity of roots can be of best use in deriving the quadratic
equation.

Step Illustration
1. Use the form. 𝒂𝒙𝟐 + 𝒃𝒙 + 𝒄 = 𝟎
2. Divide both sides of the equation 𝒃 𝒄
𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙 + = 𝟎
by 𝒂. 𝒂 𝒂

𝒃 𝒄
𝒃 𝒃 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙+ =𝟎
3. Since 𝒓𝟏 + 𝒓𝟐 = − 𝒂 , in place of 𝒂 𝒂 𝒂
𝒙𝟐 − (𝒓𝟏 + 𝒓𝟐 )𝒙 + (𝒓𝟏 ∙ 𝒓𝟐 ) = 𝟎
we can substitute −(𝒓𝟏 + 𝒓𝟐 ), and
𝒄 𝒄
since 𝒓𝟏 ∙ 𝒓𝟐 = , in place of we
𝒂 𝒂
can substitute 𝒓𝟏 ∙ 𝒓𝟐
𝒙𝟐 − (𝒔𝒖𝒎 𝒐𝒇 𝒓𝒐𝒐𝒕𝒔)𝒙
+ (𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝒓𝒐𝒐𝒕𝒔) = 𝟎

The table above showed the relationship between the sum and product of roots
and the equation.

To determine the quadratic equation given the roots, here are the steps:

1. Find the sum (𝑠) and product (𝑝) of the given roots.
2. Substitute the solved values in the equation
𝒙𝟐 − (𝒔𝒖𝒎 𝒐𝒇 𝒓𝒐𝒐𝒕𝒔)𝒙 + 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝒓𝒐𝒐𝒕𝒔 = 𝟎
3. Write the equation in general form 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0 , where
𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐 are integers, and 𝑎 > 0.

Illustrative Examples: Write the equation in the form 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0 , where

𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐 are integers, given the roots.
2
1. 𝑟1 = 6, 𝑟2 = 3 2. 𝑟1 = −5, 𝑟2 = 2 3. 𝑟1 = , 𝑟2 = 6
3

2 2
𝑠 =6+3 𝑝 = 6∙3 𝑠 = −5 + 2 𝑝 = (−5)(2) 𝑠= +6 𝑝 = ( ) (6)
3 3
𝑠=9 𝑝 = 18 𝑠 = −3 𝑝 = −10 20 𝑝=4
𝑠=
3
20
𝑥 2 − (−3)𝑥 + (−10) = 0 𝑥2 − ( ) 𝑥 + (4) = 0
𝒙𝟐 − (𝟗)𝒙 + (𝟏𝟖) = 𝟎 3
20
3 [ 𝑥2 − 𝑥 + 4 = 0]
3
𝒙𝟐 − 𝟗𝒙 + 𝟏𝟖 = 𝟎 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟏𝟎 = 𝟎
𝟑𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐𝟎𝒙 + 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟎

11
 What’s More

Activity 3. What is My Nature?

Describe the nature of roots of a quadratic equation given the value of the
discriminant.
_________________1. 36 _________________6. −49
_________________2. −17 _________________7. 676
_________________3. 0 _________________8. −100
_________________4. 196 _________________9. 1
_________________5. 143 _________________10. 2025

Activity 4.You Can Do It Yourself!

A. Find the sum of roots, product of roots, discriminant and nature of the roots
given the equation.

Integral Sum Product Nature

Given 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0 Coefficients of of Discriminant of the
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 Roots Roots Roots
2
1. 𝑥 + 8𝑥 = 14
2. 𝑥 2 = 3𝑥 − 7
3. 𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 =
−4𝑥 − 9
4.(3𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 2) =
0
5. 4𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 = 3𝑥 +
20

B. Find the sum of roots, product of roots and the quadratic equation given the
roots.

Product of Quadratic Equation in

Roots Sum of Roots
Roots 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0
1. 𝑟1 = −3, 𝑟2 = 6
2. 𝑟1 = 2, 𝑟2 = 8
1
3. 𝑟1 = 2 , 𝑟2 = −4

12
 What I Have Learned

Activity 5: I Can Tell You What I Have Learned

Fill in the blanks. (For this part, you are no longer allowed to refer to the
previous discussion when answering.)

1. If the discriminant is positive and not perfect square, the roots are
_______________________.
2. If the discriminant is positive and perfect square, the roots are
______________.
3. If the discriminant is zero, the roots are______________.
4. If the discriminant is negative, the quadratic equation has ______________.
5. The formula in finding the sum of roots using the coefficients of a quadratic
equation is 𝑟1 + 𝑟2 = __________.
6. The formula in finding the product of roots using the coefficients of a
quadratic equation is 𝑟1 ∙ 𝑟2 = __________.
7. To find the quadratic equation given the roots, use the relation
𝑥 2 − (________________)𝑥 + _________________ = 0.

What I Can Do
Activity 6: Fence My Garden!

Mang Juan wants to

fence his rectangular garden
with an area of 132𝑚2 . He
has only 46𝑚 fencing
material and wants to
maximize it.
.
Questions:

1. What equation represents the area of the garden? How about its
perimeter?
2. How is the given situation related to the sum and product of roots of
quadratic equation?
3. Write a quadratic equation in the form 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0 that can be
used to determine the dimensions of the rectangular garden.
4. Without actually computing for the roots, determine whether the
dimensions of the table are rational numbers. Explain
5. Find the dimensions of the rectangular garden.

13
 Post Assessment

DIRECTION: Let us determine how much you have learned from this module. Read
and understand each item, then choose the letter of your answer and
write it on your answer sheet.

1) What is the nature of the roots of quadratic equation if the value of the discriminant
is negative.

A. Real, irrational and unequal roots C. Real, rational and unequal roots
B. Real and equal roots D. No real roots
2) What is the value of the discriminant of the equation, 𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 − 4 = 0?
A. −9 B. 9 C. −41 D. 41
3) Which of the following expressions describes the discriminant of the quadratic
equation?
A. – b2- 4ac B. b2 + 4ac C. – b2 + 4ac D. b2 – 4ac
4) In the equation 5𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 7 = 0, what are the values of a, b and c respectively?
A. 𝑎 = 5, 𝑏 = 3, 𝑐 = 7 C. 𝑎 = 5, 𝑏 = −3, 𝑐 = −7
B. 𝑎 = 5, 𝑏 = −3, 𝑐 = 7 D. 𝑎 = 5, 𝑏 = 3, 𝑐 = −7
5) Which of the following quadratic equations has no real roots?
A. 2𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 = −5 C. 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 − 9 = 0
B. 6𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 = 4 D. 4𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 2 = 0
6) In the quadratic equation 𝑥 (𝑥 − 3) − 2 = 0, what is the value of the discriminant?
A. 17 B. – 17 C. 1 D. – 1
7) What is the value of the discriminant of a perfect square trinomial?
A. Positive B. Negative C. Zero D. Undefined
8) Find the roots of the equation 𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 − 16 = 0.
A. {−2, 8} C. {−2, −8}
B. {2, −8} D. {2, 8}
9) What is the sum of roots in the equation in Problem 6?
A. 6 C. 10
B. −6 D. −10

14
10) Find the product of the roots of the equation 3𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 + 9 = 0.
1
A. C. −3
3
1
B. − 2 D. 3

11) In the equation 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0, the sum of roots is _________.

𝑏 𝑏
A. C. − 𝑎
𝑎
𝑐 𝑐
B. D.− 𝑎
𝑎

12) In the equation 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0, the product of roots is _________.

𝑏 𝑐
A. − 𝑎 C. − 𝑎
𝑏 𝑐
B. D.
𝑎 𝑎

13) Without solving for the roots, what is the sum (𝑠) of the roots of
3𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 5 = 0?
A. 𝑠 = 1 C. 𝑠 = 3
B. 𝑠 = −1 D. 𝑠 = −3
14) Without solving for the roots, what is the product (𝑝) of the roots of
4𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 8 = 0?
A. 𝑝 = −3 C. 𝑝 = −2
B. 𝑝 = 3 D. 𝑝 = 2
15) Without solving for the roots, what is the sum (𝑠) and product (𝑝) of the roots of
2𝑥 2 = 10𝑥 + 8?
A. 𝑠 = 5, 𝑝 = −4 C. 𝑠 = 5, 𝑝 = 4
B. 𝑠 = −5, 𝑝 = 4 D. 𝑠 = −5, 𝑝 = −4

15
 Additional Activities

Activity 7. Extend Your Understanding!

A. Determine the value of k in the following:

( Hint: Use 𝒃𝟐 − 𝟒𝒂𝒄 = 𝟎 to find for the value of k)
1. Find the value of 𝒌, if the roots of the quadratic equation 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟔𝒙 +
𝒌 = 𝟎 are equal. (3 points)

2. Find 𝑘 if 𝟑𝒙𝟐 − 𝒌𝒙 + 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟎 has equal roots. (3 points)

B. The roots of the quadratic equation 3𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 8 = 0 are 𝑚 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑛. Find the

value of:
1. m + n
2. mn
3. (m + n)2

16
 17
Activity 3
1) Real, rational and unequal roots 6) No real roots
2) No real roots 7) Real, rational and unequal roots
3) Real and equal roots 8) No real roots
4) Real, rational and unequal roots 9) Real, rational and unequal roots
5) Real, irrational and unequal roots 10) Real, rational and unequal roots
Activity 2
STEPS 2. 𝟒𝒙𝟐 + 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟐 = 𝟎 3. 𝟑𝒙𝟐 + 𝟔𝒙 = −𝟏𝟎
Write the equation in 4𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 2 = 0 3𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 10 = 0
𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0.
Identify the values of 𝑎 = 4, 𝑏 = 3, 𝑐 = −2 𝑎 = 3, 𝑏 = 6, 𝑐 = 10
a, b and c.
Substitute the −3 ± √32 − 4(4)(−2) −6 ± √62 − 4(3)(10)
values of a, b and c
2(4) 2(3)
in the quadratic
formula:
−𝑏 ± √𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐
2𝑎
Simplify −3 ± √9 + 32 −6 ± √36 − 120
8 6
−3 ± √41 −6 ± √−84
8 6
Write the roots. −3 + √41 −3 − √41 −6 + √−84 −6 − √−84
𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎𝑛𝑑
8 8 6 6
Describe the roots Real and irrational Imaginary
as real and rational,
real and irrational,
and imaginary.
Sum of their Roots 3 −2
−
4
Product of their 1 10
Roots −
2 3
Activity 1
1) 𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 − 4 = 0 ; 𝑎 = 1, 𝑏 = 5, 𝑐 = −4
2) 4𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 − 3 = 0 ; 𝑎 = 4, 𝑏 = 8, 𝑐 = −3
3) 2𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 10 = 0 ; 𝑎 = 2, 𝑏 = 1, 𝑐 = −10
4) 𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 7 = 0 ; 𝑎 = 1, 𝑏 = 8, 𝑐 = 7
5) 2𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 − 5 = 0 ; 𝑎 = 2, 𝑏 = −8, 𝑐 = −5
Answer Key
 18
Activity 4.You Can Do It yourself!
A.
Integral Product Discriminant Nature
Sum of
Given 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0 Coefficients of of
Roots
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 Roots Roots
120 Real,
irrati
𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 − 14 onal
1. 𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 = 14 1 8 −14 −8 −14
=0 &
uneq
ual
-19 Imagi
𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 7
2. 𝑥 2 = 3𝑥 − 7 1 −3 7 3 7 nary
=0
root
0 Real
3. 𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 = 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 9
1 −6 9 6 9 &
−4𝑥 − 9 =0
equal
49 Real,
2 ratio
4. (3𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 3𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 − 2 5
3 5 −2 − − nal &
2) = 0 =0 3 3 uneq
ual
321 Real,
irrati
5. 4𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 = 4𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 20 1 onal
4 1 −20 − −5
3𝑥 + 20 =0 4 &
uneq
ual
B.
Sum of Product Quadratic Equation
Roots
Roots of Roots in General Form
1. 𝑟1 =
3 −18 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 18 = 0
−3, 𝑟2 = 6
2. 𝑟1 =
10 16 𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 + 16 = 0
2, 𝑟 = 8
2
3. 𝑟1 = 7
1 − −2 2𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 − 4 = 0
,𝑟2 = −4 2
2
 19
Activity 6
a) 𝑙𝑤 = 132 ; 2𝑙 + 2𝑤 = 46 𝑜𝑟 𝑙 + 𝑤 = 23
b) The area represents the product of roots and
the perimeter represents the sum of roots.
c) 𝑥 2 − 23𝑥 + 132 = 0
d) The dimensions of the table are rational numbers
because the discriminant is 49 which means that the
roots are real, rational and unequal.
e) The garden is 12𝑚 𝑏𝑦 11𝑚.
Activity 7
A.
1. k=9
2. k = ±12
Post Assessment B.
1. 𝑚 + 𝑛 = −2
(1) D (6) A (11) C 8
(2) D (7) C (12) D 2. 𝑚𝑛 =
3
(3) D (8) B (13) A
(4) C (9) B (14) C
3. (𝑚 + 𝑛)2 = 4
(5) A (10) D (15) A
Activity 5. I Can Tell You What I Have Learned
1. real, irrational and unequal
2. real, rational and unequal
3. real and equal
4. imaginary root
𝑏
5. 𝑟1 + 𝑟2 = −
𝑎
𝑐
6. 𝑟1 ∙ 𝑟2 =
𝑎
7. . 𝑥 2 − (𝑟1 + 𝑟2 )𝑥 + (𝑟1 ∙ 𝑟2 ) = 0
or 𝑥 2 − (𝑠𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠)𝑥 + (𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠) = 0
References

Nivera, G. C. (2012).Grade 9 Mathematics Patterns and Practicalities. Makati

City, Philippines: Salesiana Books by Don Bosco Press, Inc.

Veerendra (2018). Nature of the Roots of a Quadratic Equation. Retrieved from

https://www.aplustopper.com/nature-of-the-roots/

Bryant, Merden L., et.al (2014). Mathematics Learner’s Material 9. First Edition, Vibal
Group, Inc.

https://www.bitmoji.com

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Wangal, La Trinidad, Benguet
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Email Address: car@deped.gov.ph
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