Experiment 9

AVI AJMERA
N209
MBA Tech CS(A)
70471118003

Aim: - Write the c program to demonstrate the IPC as follows

1. C program to demonstrate fork() and pipe()

// C program to demonstrate use of fork() and pipe()

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<unistd.h>
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<sys/wait.h>
int main()
{
int fd1[2];
int fd2[2];
char fixed_str[] = " hamari pawri ho rhi hai";
char input_str[100];
pid_t p;
if (pipe(fd1)==-1)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Pipe Failed" );
return 1;
}
if (pipe(fd2)==-1)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Pipe Failed" );
return 1;
}
scanf("%s", input_str);
p = fork();
if (p < 0)
{
fprintf(stderr, "fork Failed" );
return 1;
}
else if (p > 0)
{
char concat_str[100];
 close(fd1[0]);
write(fd1[1], input_str, strlen(input_str)+1);
close(fd1[1]);
wait(NULL);
close(fd2[1]);
read(fd2[0], concat_str, 100);
printf("Concatenated string %s\n", concat_str);
close(fd2[0]);
}
else
{
close(fd1[1]);
char concat_str[100];
read(fd1[0], concat_str, 100);
int k = strlen(concat_str);
int i;
for (i=0; i<strlen(fixed_str); i++)
concat_str[k++] = fixed_str[i];
concat_str[k] = '\0';
close(fd1[0]);
close(fd2[0]);
write(fd2[1], concat_str, strlen(concat_str)+1);
close(fd2[1]);
exit(0);
}
}

2. C program to illustrate pipe system call

// C program to illustrate pipe system call in C

#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#define MSGSIZE 16
char* msg1 = "India";
char* msg2 = "will again be";
char* msg3 = "called golden eagle";
 int main()
{
char inbuf[MSGSIZE];
int p[2], i;
if (pipe(p) < 0)
exit(1);
write(p[1], msg1, MSGSIZE);
write(p[1], msg2, MSGSIZE);
write(p[1], msg3, MSGSIZE);

for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {

read(p[0], inbuf, MSGSIZE);
printf("% s\n", inbuf);
}
return 0;
}

3. Write c program for Message Queue (Reader Process/Writer Process)

// C Program for Message Queue (Writer Process)

#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/msg.h>
#define MAX 10
struct mesg_buffer {
long mesg_type;
char mesg_text[100];
} message;

int main()
{
key_t key;
int msgid;
key = ftok("progfile", 65);
msgid = msgget(key, 0666 | IPC_CREAT);
message.mesg_type = 1;
printf("Write Data : ");
fgets(message.mesg_text,MAX,stdin);
msgsnd(msgid, &message, sizeof(message), 0);
printf("Data send is : %s \n", message.mesg_text);
return 0;
}

// C Program for Message Queue (Reader Process)

#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/msg.h>
struct mesg_buffer {
long mesg_type;
char mesg_text[100];
} message;
int main()
{
key_t key;
int msgid;
key = ftok("progfile", 65);
msgid = msgget(key, 0666 | IPC_CREAT);
msgrcv(msgid, &message, sizeof(message), 1, 0);
printf("Data Received is : %s \n",
message.mesg_text);
msgctl(msgid, IPC_RMID, NULL);
return 0;
}
4. Write c program Semaphores for IPC
a. Racing with Threads

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
int main()
{
int pid;
pid = fork();
srand(pid);
if(pid < 0)
{
perror("fork"); exit(1);
}
else if(pid)
{
char *s = "32679";
int l = strlen(s);
for(int i = 0; i < l; ++i)
{
putchar(s[i]);
fflush(stdout);
sleep(rand() % 2);
putchar(s[i]);
fflush(stdout);
sleep(rand() % 2);
}
}
else
{
char *s = "MJSOP";
int l = strlen(s);
for(int i = 0; i < l; ++i)
{
putchar(s[i]);
fflush(stdout);
 sleep(rand() % 2);
putchar(s[i]);
fflush(stdout);
sleep(rand() % 2);
}
}
}
b. Avoid Racing with Semaphores

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/sem.h>
#define KEY 0x1111
union semun {
int val;
struct semid_ds *buf;
unsigned short *array;
};
struct sembuf p = { 0, -1, SEM_UNDO};
struct sembuf v = { 0, +1, SEM_UNDO};
int main()
{
int id = semget(KEY, 1, 0666 | IPC_CREAT);
if(id < 0)
{
perror("semget"); exit(11);
}
union semun u;
u.val = 1;
if(semctl(id, 0, SETVAL, u) < 0)
{
perror("semctl"); exit(12);
}
int pid;
pid = fork();
srand(pid);
if(pid < 0)
{
perror("fork"); exit(1);
}
else if(pid)
{
char *s = "32679";
int l = strlen(s);
for(int i = 0; i < l; ++i)
{
if(semop(id, &p, 1) < 0)
{
perror("semop p"); exit(13);
}
putchar(s[i]);
fflush(stdout);
sleep(rand() % 2);
putchar(s[i]);
fflush(stdout);
if(semop(id, &v, 1) < 0)
{
perror("semop p"); exit(14);
}
sleep(rand() % 2);
}
}
else
{
char *s = "MJSOP";
int l = strlen(s);
for(int i = 0; i < l; ++i)
{
if(semop(id, &p, 1) < 0)
{
perror("semop p"); exit(15);
}
putchar(s[i]);
fflush(stdout);
sleep(rand() % 2);
putchar(s[i]);
fflush(stdout);
if(semop(id, &v, 1) < 0)
{
perror("semop p"); exit(16);
}
 sleep(rand() % 2);
}
}
}

5. Write c program IPC through shared memory

a. Shared memory for writer process
//Shared memory for writer process
#include<stdio.h>
#include<sys/ipc.h>
#include<sys/shm.h>
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<errno.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<unistd.h>
#include<string.h>
#define BUF_SIZE 1024
#define SHM_KEY 0x1234
struct shmseg {
int cnt;
int complete;
char buf[BUF_SIZE];
};
int fill_buffer(char * bufptr, int size);
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
int shmid, numtimes;
struct shmseg *shmp;
char *bufptr;
int spaceavailable;
shmid = shmget(SHM_KEY, sizeof(struct shmseg), 0644|IPC_CREAT);
if (shmid == -1) {
perror("Shared memory");
return 1;
}
shmp = shmat(shmid, NULL, 0);
if (shmp == (void *) -1) {
 perror("Shared memory attach");
return 1;
}
bufptr = shmp->buf;
spaceavailable = BUF_SIZE;
for (numtimes = 0; numtimes < 5; numtimes++) {
shmp->cnt = fill_buffer(bufptr, spaceavailable);
shmp->complete = 0;
printf("Writing Process: Shared Memory Write: Wrote %d bytes\n", shmp->cnt);
bufptr = shmp->buf;
spaceavailable = BUF_SIZE;
sleep(3);
}
printf("Writing Process: Wrote %d times\n", numtimes);
shmp->complete = 1;
if (shmdt(shmp) == -1) {
perror("shmdt");
return 1;
}
if (shmctl(shmid, IPC_RMID, 0) == -1) {
perror("shmctl");
return 1;
}
printf("Writing Process: Complete\n");
return 0;
}
int fill_buffer(char * bufptr, int size) {
static char ch = 'A';
int filled_count;
memset(bufptr, ch, size - 1);
bufptr[size-1] = '\0';
if (ch > 122)
ch = 65;
if ( (ch >= 65) && (ch <= 122) ) {
if ( (ch >= 91) && (ch <= 96) ) {
ch = 65;
}
}
filled_count = strlen(bufptr);
ch++;
return filled_count;
}
b. Shared memory for reader process
//Shared memory for reader process
#include<stdio.h>
#include<sys/ipc.h>
#include<sys/shm.h>
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<errno.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#define BUF_SIZE 1024
#define SHM_KEY 0x1234
struct shmseg {
int cnt;
int complete;
char buf[BUF_SIZE];
};
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
int shmid;
struct shmseg *shmp;
shmid = shmget(SHM_KEY, sizeof(struct shmseg), 0644|IPC_CREAT);
if (shmid == -1) {
perror("Shared memory");
return 1;
}
shmp = shmat(shmid, NULL, 0);
if (shmp == (void *) -1) {
perror("Shared memory attach");
return 1;
}
while (shmp->complete != 1) {
printf("segment contains : \n\"%s\"\n", shmp->buf);
if (shmp->cnt == -1) {
perror("read");
return 1;
}
printf("Reading Process: Shared Memory: Read %d bytes\n", shmp->cnt);
sleep(3);
}
printf("Reading Process: Reading Done, Detaching Shared Memory\n");
if (shmdt(shmp) == -1) {
perror("shmdt");
return 1;
}
printf("Reading Process: Complete\n");
return 0;
}
6. Write c program to demonstrate POSIX Semaphores
a. sem_wait() to lock or wait. And sem_post() to release the lock. The
semaphore initializes sem_init() or sem_open() for the Inter-Process
Communication (IPC).

//sem_wait() to lock or wait. And sem_post() to release the lock. The semaphore
initializes sem_init() or sem_open() for the Inter
//Process Communication (IPC).
#include <stdio.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <semaphore.h>
#include <unistd.h>
sem_t mutex;
void* thread(void* arg) {
sem_wait(&mutex);
printf("\nEntered into the Critical Section..\n");
sleep(3);
printf("\nCompleted...\n");
sem_post(&mutex);
}
main() {
 sem_init(&mutex, 0, 1);
pthread_t th1,th2;
pthread_create(&th1,NULL,thread,NULL);
sleep(2);
pthread_create(&th2,NULL,thread,NULL);
pthread_join(th1,NULL);
pthread_join(th2,NULL);
sem_destroy(&mutex);
}

b. C program to demonstrate working of Semaphores

// C program to demonstrate working of Semaphores
#include <stdio.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <semaphore.h>
#include <unistd.h>
sem_t mutex;
void* thread(void* arg)
{
sem_wait(&mutex);
printf("\nEntered..\n");
sleep(4);
printf("\nJust Exiting...\n");
sem_post(&mutex);
}
int main()
{
sem_init(&mutex, 0, 1);
pthread_t t1,t2;
pthread_create(&t1,NULL,thread,NULL);
sleep(2);
pthread_create(&t2,NULL,thread,NULL);
pthread_join(t1,NULL);
pthread_join(t2,NULL);
sem_destroy(&mutex);
return 0;
}