Software Engineering - Functional Point (FP) Analysis - GeeksforGeeks

01/11/2023, 07:19 Software Engineering | Functional Point (FP) Analysis - GeeksforGeeks
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Software Engineering | Functional Point

(FP) Analysis
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Function Point Analysis was initially developed by Allan J. Albrecht in

1979 at IBM and it has been further modified by the International
Function Point Users Group (IFPUG). The initial definition is given by
Allan J. Albrecht.
Functional Point Analysis gives a dimensionless number defined in

function points which we have found to be an effective relative
measure of function value delivered to our customer.
Objectives of Functional Point Analysis

The objective of FPA is to measure the functionality that the user
requests and receives.
The objective of FPA is to measure software development and
maintenance independently of the technology used for
implementation.
It should be simple enough to minimize the overhead of the
measurement process.
It should be a consistent measure among various projects and
organizations.
Types of Functional Point Analysis

There are basically two types of Functional Point Analysis, that are
listed below.
Transactional Functional Type

Data Functional Type
Transactional Functional Type

https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/software-engineering-functional-point-fp-analysis/ 1/12
External Input (EI): EI processes data or control information that

comes from outside the application’s boundary. The EI is an
elementary process.
External Output (EO): EO is an elementary process that generates
data or control information sent outside the application’s boundary.
External Inquiries (EQ): EQ is an elementary process made up of an
input-output combination that results in data retrieval.
Data Functional Type
Internal Logical File (ILF): A user-identifiable group of logically

related data or control information maintained within the boundary
of the application.
External Interface File (EIF): A group of users recognizable
logically related data allusion to the software but maintained within
the boundary of another software.
Functional Point Analysis
Benefits of Functional Point Analysis

FPA is a tool to determine the size of a purchased application
package by counting all the functions included in the package.
It is a tool to help users discover the benefit of an application
package to their organization by counting functions that specifically
match their requirements.
It is a tool to measure the units of a software product to support
quality and productivity analysis.
It is a vehicle to estimate the cost and resources required for
software development and maintenance.
It is a normalization factor for software comparison.
Characteristics of Functional Point Analysis

We calculate the functional point with the help of the number of
functions and types of functions used in applications. These are
classified into five types.
Measurement Parameters Examples
Number of External Inputs (EI) Input screen and tables

Measurement Parameters Examples
Number of External Output (EO) Output screens and reports
Number of external inquiries (EQ) Prompts and interrupts
Number of internal files (ILF) Databases and directories
Number of external interfaces (EIF) Shared databases and shared routines
Functional Point helps in describing system complexity and also shows

project timelines. It is majorly used for business systems like
information systems.
Weights of 5 Functional Point Attributes
Measurement Parameter Low Average High
Number of external inputs (EI) 3 4 6
Number of external outputs (EO) 4 5 7
Number of external inquiries (EQ) 3 4 6
Number of internal files (ILF) 7 10 15
Number of External Interfaces (EIF) 5 7 10
Functional Complexities help us in finding the corresponding weights,

which results in finding the Unadjusted Functional point (UFp) of the
Subsystem. Consider the complexity as average for all cases. Below

mentioned is the way how to compute FP.
Measurement Parameter Count Weighing Factor
Total_Count Simple Average Complex
Number of external inputs (EI) 32 32*4=128 3 4 6
Number of external outputs

60 60*5=300 4 5 7
(EO)
Number of external inquiries

24 24*4=96 3 4 6
(EQ)
Number of internal files (ILF) 8 8*10=80 7 10 15
Number of external interfaces

2 2*7=14 5 7 10
(EIF)
Algorithms used Count total

618
→
From the above tables, Functional Point is calculated with the

following formula
FP = Count-Total * [0.65 + 0.01 * ⅀(fi)]
= Count * CAF
Here, the count-total is taken from the chart.
CAF = [0.65 + 0.01 * ⅀(fi)]
⅀(fi) = sum of all 14 questions and it also shows the complexity

factor – CAF.
CAF varies from 0.65 to 1.35 and ⅀(fi) ranges from 0 to 70.
When ⅀(fi) = 0, CAF = 0.65 and when ⅀(fi) = 70, CAF = 0.65 +
(0.01*70) = 0.65 + 0.7 = 1.35
Questions on Functional Point

1. Consider a software project with the following information
domain characteristic for the calculation of function point metric.
Number of external inputs (I) = 30

Number of external output (O) = 60
Number of external inquiries (E) = 23
Number of files (F) = 08
Number of external interfaces (N) = 02
It is given that the complexity weighting factors for I, O, E, F, and N

are 4, 5, 4, 10, and 7, respectively. It is also given that, out of
fourteen value adjustment factors that influence the development
effort, four factors are not applicable, each of the other four factors
has value 3, and each of the remaining factors has value 4. The
computed value of the function point metric is _____. [GATE CS
2015]
(A) 612.06
(B) 212.05
(C) 305.09
(D) 806.9
Solution: Correct Answer is (A).
For more, refer to GATE CS 2015 | Question 65.
2. While estimating the cost of the software, Lines of Code(LOC)

and Function Points (FP) are used to measure which of the
following? [UGC-NET CSE 2013]
(A) Length of Code
(B) Size of Software
(C) Functionality of Software
(D) None of the Above
Solution: Correct Answer is (B).
3. In functional point analysis, the number of complexity adjustment

factors is [UGC-NET CS 2014]
(A) 10
(B) 12
(C) 14
(D) 20
Solution: Correct Answer is (C).
FAQs on Functional Point
1. What do you mean by Functional Point?
Answer:
Functional Point basically determines the size of the application

system on the basis of the functionality of the system.
2. How do you find the Functional Point?
Answer:
The functional Point is calculated with the total count factor. It is

simply calculated using the formula FP = TC * [0.65 +
0.01*⅀(Xi)].
3. List the five components of the Functional Point?
Answer:
The five components of the functional point are listed below.
Internal Logical Files (ILF)

External Interface Files (EIF)
External Inputs (EI)
External Outputs (EO)
External Enquiries (EQ)
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01/11/2023, 07:19 Software Engineering | Functional Point (FP) Analysis - GeeksforGeeks

Software Engineering | Functional Point

Function Point Analysis was initially developed by Allan J. Albrecht in

Functional Point Analysis gives a dimensionless number defined in

Objectives of Functional Point Analysis

Types of Functional Point Analysis

Transactional Functional Type

Transactional Functional Type

External Input (EI): EI processes data or control information that

Data Functional Type

Internal Logical File (ILF): A user-identifiable group of logically

Functional Point Analysis

Benefits of Functional Point Analysis

Characteristics of Functional Point Analysis

Measurement Parameters Examples

Number of External Inputs (EI) Input screen and tables

Measurement Parameters Examples

Number of External Output (EO) Output screens and reports

Number of external inquiries (EQ) Prompts and interrupts

Number of internal files (ILF) Databases and directories

Number of external interfaces (EIF) Shared databases and shared routines

Functional Point helps in describing system complexity and also shows

Weights of 5 Functional Point Attributes

Measurement Parameter Low Average High

Number of external inputs (EI) 3 4 6

Number of external outputs (EO) 4 5 7

Number of external inquiries (EQ) 3 4 6

Number of internal files (ILF) 7 10 15

Number of External Interfaces (EIF) 5 7 10

Functional Complexities help us in finding the corresponding weights,

Subsystem. Consider the complexity as average for all cases. Below

Measurement Parameter Count Weighing Factor

Total_Count Simple Average Complex

Number of external inputs (EI) 32 32*4=128 3 4 6

Number of external outputs

Number of external inquiries

Number of internal files (ILF) 8 8*10=80 7 10 15

Number of external interfaces

Algorithms used Count total

From the above tables, Functional Point is calculated with the

FP = Count-Total * [0.65 + 0.01 * ⅀(fi)]

Here, the count-total is taken from the chart.

CAF = [0.65 + 0.01 * ⅀(fi)]

⅀(fi) = sum of all 14 questions and it also shows the complexity

Questions on Functional Point

Number of external inputs (I) = 30

It is given that the complexity weighting factors for I, O, E, F, and N

Solution: Correct Answer is (A).

For more, refer to GATE CS 2015 | Question 65.

2. While estimating the cost of the software, Lines of Code(LOC)

(A) Length of Code

(B) Size of Software

(C) Functionality of Software

(D) None of the Above

Solution: Correct Answer is (B).

3. In functional point analysis, the number of complexity adjustment

Solution: Correct Answer is (C).

FAQs on Functional Point

1. What do you mean by Functional Point?

Functional Point basically determines the size of the application

2. How do you find the Functional Point?

The functional Point is calculated with the total count factor. It is

3. List the five components of the Functional Point?