Noise The sensitivity of comm: Syms IS imited by noise. “ke bmeadest definition of noise os * evenythltg exept ie ceSved gal. Sn chen umds we an Sy + unwanted sgt” 8 noise. Qn audio systems , noise ous hiss, Tn viedo the Mise ManhRsts urself oS oF oFaltg TV syns is secogn Zable ag a continu- = snow “Thesmal Noise Treamally agitated chaage caspiiens ap a conduct tems ta Senden Naaying Cusisient that gives snse to a Mendom viz. Recavse the nie picess iS sandem , we eae a specific vale , we cas) only chasactesize the noise can not aS mea squoie om sims vole. The themmal dvise pomei 1S yroportional t T. — Speciffca. Wy, Avail loble noise Rowen Faq = Raghese, ee BoltZMaNNS constant 23 = 3840 ile T — Absolute Tempematse in kelvins af — Nowe Bw in He Tre “Thesimal noise power IS constast at all Beg , hence ‘tS often called as white noise » by analeay wrth white light “The onailable noise poner Ry, iS the maximum power that con be delivered to the load, Considen +he olw Gm hele - Noisy Desiston ‘ \ \ \whesie Sq — open ckt ams nose vtz generated fy the Diesistoz Ro oven He Bw Af at given tempaniatume , Te mean -squasie open ckt noise vit Ce = Ae ae ie x taal densi Senenally noise iS specifed Im terms of specter! | gq 1s oe ron ea a 25 (Gey Ar JAP Aaa To seduce the noice of given esistance, % Keep the tempariatne aS lav as possible *% Limt the Bw to the minimum veel valve . 2} Doe ee e | Her) | af es i he noise Bw bene , 2 Hpk — Peak vee of iter viz teiencfes Rincon.tet S considen, a single pole RE LPF wk: Its 348 Bw: 1S ae hut the equivalent vice Bw AP ig Faom ‘the basics of Filters u \ ae oA ae at LPR Gone Salsas eT ae: * * Fare & here treated as CF). = — . eacten (2rfRc)| BES S. (oe = ac tom 1 6 Nan 1 (Cia eRe ) | { Re (ost alle Ras single pole LPF kas aq noise BW about |-5¢ times 208 band width Sisvitlanly pe. cxitically damped second oder IPE has a noise BY abot j.20 times 3dB B:O- As the xolloff becomes Steepem, 3 aB § NISC Bws 42rd to convergeHowever, by taking severial considematinAs into account , the mise vit jig ae heto-R af hw ea = ca coh Pe | ese he pane ees 34 PGicoirncw urs Qn fact these ig no difference bly “his equatod Gambier equ. -Bx Preg’s below BO THE ak sroom tempematire. Note thot , pusrely steachve elements gpneniate po theniinal Ise But , the Mois curments fining Wemgh Fj jenpedance, seactance om mesistance will Quis arse toa poral via. Thestmal Noise i ere So Cerets Dario cusmient Noise : Since FETs oie vtz ctoled sesistonis , they exhibit ‘thesimal Oise. fariticulasly + it con be expemienced 19 tainde —segi0 -“he detailed theoniitical considesatiorS leads to Biawing eupsiessioo a = AKTAG, 4° ve fae = ddiain to sousice conductance at zedI0 Ves . GW SaiWeeoGe he = O° q TAD) \o devices , decseases toward a vale 2 in Sakunaho9 _ Dain Substrate she above picteve depicts , how Ake -thesitna) NeIe caused by substrotle sesistance con produce considesioble effectsat wain teDiinals . At tow frieq's , Cy is negligible Rou Comtsiibutes come rosy daain coment oe 2 ener eu Repeat At high Reqs NSP Re iran = Ve Cw Racy ) Gate Noise * pais The fluctuati i N to a 0K ete cusient . the gete terminal , leading | A inte 5 vel ng channel potential Couples eapaci tivehe ace noise Toy ke expressed as = AKT BQ, Af se co~eicient where ay eames aA log channel dowices . Ts altannate arte Nowe ckt model is & = Fda Jo demve this alteapate model , te Re ole ig tsonst- simed oto an eqivalent senies RC olw . : : Bele scenes miesistance mde eh (as) Be ells _ awl es 3, é /The equivalent seolies noise vit spruce is fund to be ee Ss \, Sas > % ie = ATS np. Ls a % Vg = ARTE oy: AP ushich gives & constant Spectaial density i be However , it is geasonatle tp assume that § continues to Pero rtnice aS) loos o— al Yee, aS 4yrealy \-2 Bey goat channel NMoo cones ee § a anh Flickes noise ( Fa rose coy pink noise ) ——— he flicker soise incieses os tthe rez decrenses | spe doko) poi 1 a Roy: band bounded by lease coe a highest Bey ta. ia Ce a col ihWW — ams noise Cytz om custrent >) K ~ emyenical yasanctess (1-27 device Specific’) re vesiston exhibits EE mise only when these is DC eusiest Flewing stsough Pes GS dependent Cf varios pacia meters OS gr io belo eat e ushese | 5 planted -28 Peep Sirs cesar Fiicke) Noise 19 MOSFETs paelerantalt ees sucess se most paiomivent in devices that ase Flick" Noise enemena. Hance mMoSFETs exhibit sensitive > suscep Pee seni ocean cco. more pink 0)cheoge ‘warring Plenomenn is eeeraly sed to explain 7 ise jo tensistos Some tyes of defects € Contain Impuoiities coy sandomy toap § agelease change « loogem MoSFETs exhibit less gp noise beos thei lenge gote capacitance smosths te fluctuations 1 channel chaoge . THe mead squme $ daiain noise cussent > sei ies 2 ea eS co A AP eco ae asa of gate = We Thus fos a Sued tonngconductance , a larga gate area ga thine dideatsic seduce the poiseNoise Figuse Norse Factor 1 joie 1s ah use! measuse of Helse pearfamance , The Noise Figure Une a Fp) is simp) tHe noise Facial Ce) expressed i AB. To define & understand -the noise facto! , considet & Noisy Coot tieeom) = pot ofw. dative) by a sovace thot hes on admittance Ys §& equnalent shunt noise cuspient 3 es Let the net effect oP oll mse soutces con be seppiesented by yst one padi of ext suumces | O noise Viz & & poise cusmient . | comvertionally , the source 1S ee pepe GF SOK, sTotal olp nowse Powe! she reise facto Fs Bee ee) 2 eee olp noise dve to Ip sourceshe noise facton 1S a mensure Of degradation i) SNR Lope the degradation ; eager he peice factor « Assume that poise pores of the gponce & of the 2~port ase uNncomvelated hon the exypressioN a1 poise facto fs as ior: Seal Fee Roemer es te a) =o" Ns) Naw, BE +t accommodate the possibility of coumelatoy bl exe yshesie » express Ran ecr 2) On ee componat a Gi ye % © commelated with On & aS not . aie Yet lu ie WS compielated etth en eon En whene \ Gostselation admittance gopste 1 = Or = ) \ Ties ty) ae eRe ne | Ge me 'sBie 2 Ney Pe ee pee. Oe ae oT ca conductances avle secistences a ——— AKT AP e @i= —— ART AF inc Is Gas AT. of 2 eye {yor Ys\ Ro Rie Wee | sheet &s Ac ee By J Re = it &s oe ane ComoctanceLNA Desig? “te finst stage of & 1s typically a Low Noise Amp (LNAT & ts main function is to porovide enough en +p overcome dee noise of subsequent stages - Along with -this on LNA should accommodate lange sais wrthovt distortion while adding noise as lw as possible. Also it has to poresent specife impedance ach as 50D to tte Vp sooace. i e develop a design strategy +that balonces go, i}p \mypedonce , noise gue g powent consumption » it iS s1equimed g 4p leno Foi noise parametems Ge, Be , Ry G Gu. Sriminsic MOSFET “wo port Noise Pamameters WT exe Nt cal a ‘ina AeT Ag, AF But also eh = es de 5 am a mane en,‘ \ y=eal ee (>) he oS ee z 2 ™ zm Irn de cn 4. 0 VW KT. no Gu= AT AP & conselation admittance ye Be) Gs hs = © > ) MPten a geat analysis [ Rete page No: 366- 367] dm & ee eo where ¢ = Oy os Cospelachoy coefficient ee a.ers wp[ ete E | se ) a Fer “the above eq’ | commelation admittance 1S purely Rees a Gomes the neal & Amaginey posts of equ © & , aves Ge = © \S ca cg: | toe tet =A i “The induced ate noise is sum of comelated © oncosmelated Re noises: ei Reactant oye 4 Cinge * 19g Nv AKT of. ba Ic) + AKT AF-D % CeceYW the oboe equ , second term is uncosmielated position of ete poise — cuspyent ah Ce oS AKT AP Aer af $3 Cite) ea AS " > (- Ie) ares Siecle) oh Gs Pd,Rouen Match Vs Noise Match Lsing optimum noise matchirg wInimu Nise 9 = INA je obtained. on Be attest hand , Rowe gon U cong’ mad: per twonstar -tenend] gflas “hese tu maitchige imuttaneous\y \mpedance matching (fiom the max: available poues gpin Ra a okt ane centsnsctiny Tortonately 5 wt ig possible > Daise Gioteeetasmatcieal Ip amos, techrelag. Fer max. potssr gain mattehitey » the yp impedance of LNA mast have a sesigtve ten . “Then Matching mie ADIansfo - sms ths seSistonce tp she veo) pant of sabice impedance. Different classic techniques to poiedece sequidied siesistive tearm i the jp impedance of LNA axe shown belote , ~ 3 a ae. av @ @Zin © @ Gy cose of common gete Stage 14) | , the sesi- Ste tenm is pasit of ‘yp impedance to he Sovrce of ‘te CG taiansi ston. Tn cace of Comme Source |L Fg () | (A) ] 0% cascode stoge fess shuct- seties amp Chg Co) 3 biasing a Mn § Not oie not shows flo} convenience] .-the Vp iepedonce is capacitive ¢ hence a vesistve past shold be added to the jp impedance, “Ths 1S dere by a \\ sesictance Wo the ate Lrg @) oO a gvesistive feedback ig co)