SAFETY

DRILL
BY
SVPCET
 TOPICS
FIRE ACCIDENT
CRASHES
THE FIRE TRIANGLE
 The Fire Triangle is a simple model used to
understand the ingredients necessary for most
fires.

 Triangle illustrates a fire requires three elements:

Heat - to reach ignition temperature
Fuel - or combustible material to feed the fire
Oxygen - to sustain combustion

Together, they produce the Chemical Reaction

that is Fire.

 The fire is prevented or extinguished by removing

anyone of the three elements. Keep fuel and
ignition sources separate.

 A fire naturally occurs when the elements are

combined in the right mixture.
CHOOSING FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
BASIC NATURAL FIRE STOPPER
 The fire is on a surface (floor, furniture,
appliances) then best way to off it by sand.
TYPES OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
PRESSURIZED WATER
• Class “A” fires only.
A Trash Wood Paper
A Trash Wood Paper

• 2.5 gal. water (up to 1 minute

discharge time).

B Liquids Grease
B Liquids Grease • Has pressure gauge to allow visual
capacity check.

• 30-40 ft. maximum effective range.

C Electrical Equipment
C Electrical Equipment
CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2)

A Trash Wood Paper

A Trash Wood Paper

• Class “B” or “C” fires.

• (8-30 seconds discharge

B Liquids Grease
B Liquids Grease time).

C Electrical Equipment
C Electrical Equipment
MULITPURPOSE DRY CHEMICAL

A Trash Wood Paper

• Class “A”, “B”, or “C” fires. On
campus mostly Class ABC.
A Trash Wood Paper

• Dry chemical (ammonium

phosphate) pressurized by
nitrogen gas
B Liquids Grease
B Liquids Grease

• 8-25 seconds discharge time

C Electrical Equipment
C Electrical Equipment
WET CHEMICAL

K Cooking
Media • Class “K” fires.

• 1.5 gal. of stored pressure wet

chemical extinguishing agent
• 40 sec. discharge time

• 10-12 ft. maximum effective

range.
 FIRE EXTINGUISHER PARTS
PRESSURE GAUGE
DISCHARGE LEVER (not found on CO2
extinguishers)

CARRYING
DISCHARGE LOCKING PIN HANDLE
AND SEAL

DISCHARGE HOSE

DATA PLATE

DISCHARGE NOZZLE BODY

DISCHARGE ORIFICE
HOW TO USE A FIRE EXTINGUISHER
Remember this easy acronym when using
an extinguisher - P.A.S.S.
Pull the pin.
Aim the nozzle.
Squeeze the handle.
Sweep side to side at the base of the fire.
 HOW TO USE A FIRE EXTINGUISHER

 Pull the Pin…

 This will allow you to

discharge the fire
extinguisher. The pin
prevents the fire
extinguisher from being
accidentally discharged
by squeezing the
handle.
 HOW TO USE A FIRE EXTINGUISHER

 Aim at the base of the

fire.

 Hit the fuel. If you aim

at the flames the
extinguishing agent will
fly right through
without stopping the
fire.
 HOW TO USE A FIRE EXTINGUISHER

 Squeeze the top handle.

 Squeezing the handle

opens a valve that
releases the pressurized
extinguishing agent
from the fire
extinguisher.
 HOW TO USE A FIRE EXTINGUISHER

 Sweep from side to side.

(until the fire is completely
out)

 Start using the fire

extinguisher from a safe
distance (6-8 feet) then
slowly move forward if
possible.

 Once the fire is out, keep an

eye on the area in case it
reignites.
 GUIDELINES FOR FIGHTING FIRES
 The final rule is to always position yourself with an exit
or means of escape at your back before you attempt to
use a fire extinguisher to put out a fire.

 In case the extinguisher malfunctions, or something

unexpected happens, you need to be able to get out
quickly. You don’t want to become trapped.
1. HOW TO
RESCUE A
PERSON FROM
FIRE
1. HOW TO RESCUE A PERSON FROM FIRE
 Covering a Clothes Fire
 Wrap someone whose clothes are burning in
the fire blanket
HAVE THE PERSON STOP, DROP, AND
ROLL

 Instruct the person in danger to stop, drop, and roll.

This is a classic safety technique used to diminish fire.
A person stop moving, drops to the ground, and rolls
until the fire suffocates
 SEEK MEDICAL ASSISTANCE
 Burns caused by fire should be evaluated by a medical
professional as soon as possible. Even if you think the
burns look minor, any injury caused by fire should be
evaluated by a medical professional. Take the person
whose clothes were on fire to the ER immediately
HOW TO RESCUE
SOMEONE FROM
A BURNING CAR
CRASH
2. HOW TO RESCUE SOMEONE FROM A
BURNING CAR CRASH

 Rescuing someone yourself is

something you shouldn't do unless the
car is on fire, or smoking and leaking
gasoline.
 You should always call the Emergency
Services first.
 However in emergencies you have to
act, even against some common rules.
DIVERT TRAFFIC AWAY FROM THE CRASHED &
BURNING VEHICLE
 Use your car and park it behind the wrecked car, at
least 100 feet (30.5 m) away, and turn on your hazard
lights.
 Deploy traffic cones and other traffic control devices if
you have them.
 Generally other vehicles are far more dangerous for you
than the risk of an explosion.
KNOW THAT A CAR WILL NOT EXPLODE UNTIL
THE GAS TANK IS EMPTY OF GASOLINE.

 Liquids are not explosive, vapor from a

flammable substance is. So a leaking gas tank
raises the risk of an explosion.
CALL THE EMERGENCY SERVICES.
ESTIMATE THE DANGER.
ATTEMPT TO EXTINGUISH THE FIRE, IF
YOU HAVE A FIRE EXTINGUISHER

 Get the spurt directly in the flames. Use your

little capacity as efficiently and as quickly as
possible
TRY TO COMMUNICATE WITH THE
PASSENGERS

 Rush to the driver's window and check how many

passengers there are. If they are conscious tell
them to unbuckle themselves and try to get out
 GET IN SAFELY
 If the doors are smashed in, try to take them out
through the windows.
 If the windows are not completely smashed out, take
your shirt off and wrap your fist in it. Punch through
the glass and rip large shards off, so the person can get
out.
 Don't take a lot of time doing this, cuts are not as life
threatening as an explosion
UNBUCKLE THEIR SEATBELTS
 the buckling mechanism is damaged the belt will
need to be cut.
PULL THE OCCUPANTS OUT OF THE CAR
 Carry the victims away.
FIRST
AID
By
svpcet
Introductory to First Aid

The Aim of First Aid?

Learn these 3 ‘P’s:

Preserve life
Prevent further injury
Promote recovery
NOSE BLEED
 The Do’s & Don’ts for First Aid Treatments
Diagnosis
Nosebleed • Do not lean back.
• Learning back can be harmful
as the blood could get into the
windpipe, blocking the airway.
• Sit in a comfortable upright position
and lean forward slightly.
• Then pinch your nose just below the
bony bridge and above the fleshy
lobes of the nostrils until the bleeding
is stemmed.
Aftercare: Once the bleeding is
controlled, do not blow your nose as
this might dislodge the clot and make
you bleed again.
 BURNS

Do you how many degree of burns are there?

 BURNS

Guess what degree of burn has the person suffered?

 The Do’s & Don’ts for First Aid Treatments

• Never put ice on the burn, as it’ll delay healing 1st Degree burn
or cause extra damage (think frostbite).
• . Put the burned part in cold water.
• Also, leave the butter in the kitchen, unless
you want to make it worse. 2nd Degree Burn

• Do not break blisters and attempt to remove ● Put the burned part in cold water.
the skin, as it can cause infection ●Put cold, wet dressing on burn. Cover the
burn with a loose bandage (or clean washed
cotton sheet for a larger area) and go to the
doctor.

3rd Degree Burn

●Leave burned clothes on the skin

●If face is burned, keep victim sitting up
●Keep airway open, tilt head back
●Evaluate burned arms, legs, hands. Keep
burn higher than heart.
●Call for an ambulance
 The Do’s & Don’ts for First Aid Treatments
Diagnosis
Burns Chemical Burn

● Remove the chemical causing burn by washing the skin under

cool running water for at least 20 minutes.
● Remove all clothing or jewellery that may be contaminated by
the chemical.
●After washing, apply a cool, wet cloth on the burn to relieve pain
● Over this, loosely wrap a dry sterile dressing or clean cloth.

Electrical Burn

●Call for an ambulance immediately

●Look out if there is any contact with the electrical source
●Turn off the electrical source or try to move it by using a non –
conducting object
●Prevent shock by lying the child down and raising the legs with
an object, eg: Pillow
HOW TO CREATE
YOUR PERSONAL
FIRST AID KIT
CHOOSING, LOCATING, & MAINTAINING YOUR KIT

Pick a good container

CREATE A CHECKLIST TO INCLUDE WITH
THE KIT
STOCKING YOUR KIT
  25 adhesive bandages of various sizes
 Five 3” x 3” and five 4” x 4” gauze pads

 A roll of cloth adhesive tape

 Two 5” x 9” sterile dressings

 One 3” wide and one 4” wide roller bandage (ace bandage)

 Two triangular bandages

 Pain relievers (aspirin, ibuprofen, and acetaminophen)

 Cough / cold medicine
 Small, sharp scissors
 Tissue papers
 Two pairs of non-latex gloves
 Non-mercury oral thermometer
 Cotton balls and swabs
 Breathing mask
 First aid instruction booklet
 Hand sanitizer
 Cleansing wipes (for external cleaning only)
PERFECT KIT
 ACTIVITY
 Prepare your personal first aid kit
 Prepare a checklist of that kit

 Draw red cross on the kit box

 Submit it in next class

THANK YOU