Ungria,John Carlo O.

BSCRIM 2ND YEAR

Fundamental of Criminal Investigation with Police Intelligence

1. Article III, Bill of Rights of the 1987 Phil. Constitution

The Bill of Rights is the declaration and enumeration of the individual

rights and privileges and is designed to protect violations against
individuals and limitation upon the power of the state.
The Bill of Rights is the first 10 Amendments to the Constitution. It
spells out Americans’ rights in relation to their government. It
guarantees civil rights and liberties to the individual like freedom of
speech, press, and religion. It is a declaration and enumeration of a
person’s rights and privileges which the Constitution is designed to
protect against violation by the government, or by individual or groups
of individuals.

Section 1. No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property

without due process of law, nor shall any person be denied the equal
protection of the laws.
The provision speaks of “due process” and “equal protection.” The
protection covers all persons, whether citizens or aliens, natural or
juridical. Meaning of Life, Liberty, and Property. Due process and equal
protection cover the right to life, liberty, and property. It is important
therefore to know the meaning of the three. Life. When the constitution
speaks of right to life, it refers not just to physical safety but also to the
importance of quality of life. Thus, right to life means right to be alive,
right to one’s limbs against physical harm, and, equally important, right
to a good quality of life. Life means something more than mere animal
existence.  Liberty. It includes “negative” and “positive” freedom.
Negative freedom means freedom from, or absence of, physical
constraints, while positive freedom means freedom to exercise one’s
faculties. Right to liberty therefore includes the two aspects of freedom
and it cannot be dwarfed into mere freedom from physical restraint or
servitude, but is deemed to embrace the right of man to enjoy his God-
given faculties in all lawful ways, to live and work where he will, to earn
his livelihood by any lawful calling, to pursue any vocation, and enter
into contracts. Property. It refers either to the thing itself or right over
the thing. As a thing, property is anything capable of appropriation, and
it could be personal or real. As a right, it refers to right to own, use,
possess, alienate, or destroy the thing. The constitution uses property
in the sense of right, and as such it includes, among others, right to
work, one’s employment, profession, trade, and other vested rights. It is
important to note however that privileges like licenses are not protected
property; but they may evolve in a protected right if much is invested in
them as means of livelihood. Public office is not also a property; but to
the extent that security of tenure cannot be compromised without due
process, it is in a limited sense analogous to property. These rights
are intimately connected. For example, if one’s property right over
employment is taken away, the same will adversely affect one’s right to
life since quality of living is jeopardized. Consequently, in the absence
of property and a good quality of life, the ability to do what one wants is
impeded.
Examples to support you’re arguments
 Hierarchy of Rights. While the rights are intimately related, they
have a hierarchy. As to their order of importance, right to life
comes first, followed by right to liberty, and then right of property.
2. Republic Act No. 7438
 AN ACT DEFINING CERTAIN RIGHTS OF PERSON ARRESTED,
DETAINED OR UNDER CUSTODIAL INVESTIGATION AS WELL AS
THE DUTIES OF THE ARRESTING, DETAINING AND
INVESTIGATING OFFICERS, AND PROVIDING PENALTIES FOR
VIOLATIONS THEREOF
Section 1. Statement of Policy. – It is the policy of the Senate to value
the dignity of every human being and guarantee full respect for human
rights.
Section 2. Rights of Persons Arrested, Detained or Under Custodial
Investigation; Duties of Public Officers. –
Any person arrested detained or under custodial investigation shall at
all times be assisted by counsel.
Any public officer or employee, or anyone acting under his order or his
place, who arrests, detains or investigates any person for the
commission of an offense shall inform the latter, in a language known
to and understood by him, of his rights to remain silent and to have
competent and independent counsel, preferably of his own choice, who
shall at all times be allowed to confer privately with the person arrested,
detained or under custodial investigation. If such person cannot afford
the services of his own counsel, he must be provided with a competent
and independent counsel by the investigating officer. The custodial
investigation report shall be reduced to writing by the investigating
officer, provided that before such report is signed, or thumb marked if
the person arrested or detained does not know how to read and write, it
shall be read and adequately explained to him by his counsel or by the
assisting counsel provided by the investigating officer in the language
or dialect known to such arrested or detained person, otherwise, such
investigation report shall be null and void and of no effect whatsoever.
Any extrajudicial confession made by a person arrested, detained or
under custodial investigation shall be in writing and signed by such
person in the presence of his counsel or in the latter's absence, upon a
valid waiver, and in the presence of any of the parents, elder brothers
and sisters, his spouse, the municipal mayor, the municipal judge,
district school supervisor, or priest or minister of the gospel as chosen
by him; otherwise, such extrajudicial confession shall be inadmissible
as evidence in any proceeding.
Any waiver by a person arrested or detained under the provisions of
Article 125 of the Revised Penal Code, or under custodial investigation,
shall be in writing and signed by such person in the presence of his
counsel; otherwise the waiver shall be null and void and of no effect.
Any person arrested or detained or under custodial investigation shall
be allowed visits by or conferences with any member of his immediate
family, or any medical doctor or priest or religious minister chosen by
him or by any member of his immediate family or by his counsel, or by
any national non-governmental organization duly accredited by the
Commission on Human Rights of by any international non-
governmental organization duly accredited by the Office of the
President. The person's "immediate family" shall include his or her
spouse, fiancé or fiancée, parent or child, brother or sister, grandparent
or grandchild, uncle or aunt, nephew or niece, and guardian or ward.
Examples to support you’re arguments
 A Republic Act is a piece of legislation used to create policy in
order to carry out the principles of the Constitution. It is crafted
and passed by the Congress of the Philippines and approved
by the President of Philippines. It can only be repealed by a
similar act of Congress.
3. Republic Act No. 9745
AN ACT PENALIZING TORTURE AND OTHER CRUEL, INHUMAN
AND DEGRADING TREATMENT OR PUNISHMENT AND
PRESCRIBING PENALTIES THEREFOR
SECTION 1. Short Title. — This Act shall be known as the “Anti-Torture
Act of 2009”.SEC. 2. Statement of Policy. — It is hereby declared the
policy of the State:(a) To value the dignity of every human person and
guarantee full respect for human rights;
To ensure that the human rights of all persons, including suspects,
detainees and prisoners are respected at all times; and that no person
placed under investigation or held in custody of any person in authority
or, agent of a person in authority shall be subjected to physical,
psychological or mental harm, force, violence, threat or intimidation or
any act that impairs his/her free will or in any manner demeans or
degrades human dignity; To ensure that secret detention places,
solitary, incommunicado or other similar forms of detention, where
torture may be carried out with impunity, are prohibited; and To fully
adhere to the principles and standards on the absolute condemnation
and prohibition of torture as provided for in the 1987 Philippine
Constitution; various international instruments to which the Philippines
is a State party such as, but not limited to, the International Covenant
on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), the Convention on the Rights of
the Child (CRC), the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of
Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) and the Convention Against
Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or
Punishment (CAT); and all other relevant international human rights
instruments to which the Philippines is a signatory.
SEC. 3. Definitions. — For purposes of this Act, the following terms
shall mean:
“Torture” refers to an act by which severe pain or suffering, whether
physical or mental, is intentionally inflicted on a person for such
purposes as obtaining from him/her or a third person information or a
confession; punishing him/her for an act he/she or a third person has
committed or is suspected of having committed; or intimidating or
coercing him/her or a third person; or for any reason based on
discrimination of any kind, when such pain or suffering is inflicted by or
at the instigation of or with the consent or acquiescence of a person in
authority or agent of a person in authority. It does not include pain or
suffering arising only from, inherent in or incidental to lawful sanctions.
“Other cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment or punishment” refers
to a deliberate and aggravated treatment or punishment not
enumerated under Section 4 of this Act, inflicted by a person in
authority or agent of a person in authority against a person under
his/her custody, which attains a level of severity causing suffering,
gross humiliation or debasement to the latter. “Victim” refers to the
person subjected to torture or other cruel, inhuman and degrading
treatment or punishment as defined above and any individual who has
suffered harm as a result of any act(s) of torture, or other cruel,
inhuman and degrading treatment or punishment. Order of Battle”
refers to any document or determination made by the military, police or
any law enforcement agency of the government, listing the names of
persons and organizations that it perceives to be enemies of the State
and that it considers as legitimate targets as combatants that it could
deal with, through the use of means allowed by domestic and
international law.
  Torture refers to any act by which severe pain or suffering,
whether physical or mental, is intentionally inflicted on any
person under the custody of persons acting in an official
capacity and/or agents of the State, as defined by law,
jurisprudence, international conventions and Republic Act
No. 9745, otherwise known as the “Anti-Torture Act of 2009”.
4. Republic Act No.9344

Section 1. Short Title and Scope. – This Act shall be known as

the “Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act of 2006.” It shall cover the
different stages involving children at risk and children in conflict with the
law from prevention to rehabilitation and reintegration.
SEC. 2. Declaration of State Policy. – The following State policies shall
be observed at all times:
The State recognizes the vital role of children and youth in nation
building and shall promote and protect their physical, moral, spiritual,
intellectual and social well-being. It shall inculcate in the youth
patriotism and nationalism, and encourage their involvement in public
and civic affairs. The State shall protect the best interests of the child
through measures that will ensure the observance of international
standards of child protection, especially those to which the Philippines
is a party. Proceedings before any authority shall be conducted in the
best interest of the child and in a manner which allows the child to
participate and to express himself/herself freely. The participation of
children in the program and policy formulation and implementation
related to juvenile justice and welfare shall be ensured by the
concerned government agency. The State likewise recognizes the right
of children to assistance, including proper care and nutrition, and
special protection from all forms of neglect, abuse, cruelty and
exploitation, and other conditions prejudicial to their development.
Pursuant to Article 40 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights
of the Child, the State recognizes the right of every child alleged as,
accused of, adjudged, or recognized as having infringed the penal law
to be treated in a manner consistent with the promotion of the child’s
sense of dignity and worth, taking into account the child’s age and
desirability of promoting his/her reintegration. Whenever appropriate
and desirable, the State shall adopt measures for dealing with such
children without resorting to judicial proceedings, providing those
human rights and legal safeguards are fully respected. It shall ensure
that children are dealt with in a manner appropriate to their well-being
by providing for, among others, a variety of disposition measures such
as care, guidance and supervision orders, counseling, probation, foster
care, education and vocational training programs and other alternatives
to institutional care.
The administration of the juvenile justice and welfare system shall take
into consideration the cultural and religious perspectives of the Filipino
people, particularly the indigenous peoples and the Muslims, consistent
with the protection of the rights of children belonging to these
communities. The State shall apply the principles of restorative justice
in all its laws, policies and programs applicable to children in conflict
with the law.
SEC. 3. Liberal Construction of this Act. – In case of doubt, the
interpretation of any of the provisions of this Act, including its
implementing rules and regulations (IRRs), shall be construed liberally
in favor of the child in conflict with the law. SEC. 4. Definition of
Terms. – The following terms as used in this Act shall be defined as
follows: BaiL refers to the security given for the release of the person
in custody of the law, furnished by him/her or a bondsman, to
guarantee his/her appearance before any court. Bail may be given in
the form of corporate security, property bond, cash deposit, or
recognizance.
 Justice and Welfare Act (RA 9344) in 2006, the Juvenile Justice
and Welfare System that we all envisioned remained an ideal
that has yet to be fully realized. Thus, in 2013, recognizing the
gaps, deficiencies and gray areas in the implementation of
RA 9344, the Philippine legislature issued

5. Republic Act No. 10353

AN ACT DEFINING AND PENALIZING ENFORCED OR

INVOLUNTARY DISAPPEARANCE
Section 1. Short Title.  –This Act shall be known as the "Anti-Enforced
or Involuntary Disappearance Act of 2012″.
Section 2. Declaration of Policy.  –The State values the dignity of every
human person and guarantees full respect for human rights for which
highest priority shall be given to the enactment of measures for the
enhancement of the right of all people to human dignity, the prohibition
against secret detention places, solitary
confinement, incommunicado,  or other similar forms of detention, the
provision for penal and civil sanctions for such violations, and
compensation and rehabilitation for the victims and their families,
particularly with respect to the use of torture, force, violence, threat,
intimidation or any other means which vitiate the free will of persons
abducted, arrested, detained, disappeared or otherwise removed from
the effective protection of the law. Furthermore, the State adheres to
the principles and standards on the absolute condemnation of human
rights violations set by the 1987 Philippine Constitution and various
international instruments such as, but not limited to, the International
Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), and the Convention
Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or
Punishment (CAT), to which the Philippines is a State party. Section
3. Definitions.  –For purposes of this Act, the following terms shall be
defined as follows: Agents of the State  refer to persons who, by direct
provision of the law, popular election or appointment by competent
authority, shall take part in the performance of public functions in the
government, or shall perform in the government or in any of its branch’s
public duties as an employee, agent or subordinate official, of any rank
or class. Enforced or involuntary disappearance  refers to the arrest,
detention, abduction or any other form of deprivation of liberty
committed by agents of the State or by persons or groups of persons
acting with the authorization, support or acquiescence of the State,
followed by a refusal to acknowledge the deprivation of liberty or by
concealment of the fate or whereabouts of the disappeared person,
which places such person outside the protection of the law.

Order of Battle  refers to a document made by the military, police or any

law enforcement agency of the government, listing the names of
persons and organizations that it perceives to be enemies of the State
and which it considers as legitimate targets as combatants that it could
deal with, through the use of means allowed by domestic and
international law. Victim  refers to the disappeared person and any
individual who has suffered harm as a direct result of an enforced or
involuntary disappearance as defined in letter of this Section.
  In the Philippines, like elsewhere, universal health coverage is
foremost a political choice. The UHC Act embodies this choice,
and was carried by a broad coalition of parliamentarians across
the political spectrum. This is how the Senators talked about
UHC. The first two quotes demonstrate why UHC is necessary to
meet the challenges that citizens face when in need of health
care.

6. Republic Act No. 7610

TITLE, POLICY, PRINCIPLES AND DEFINITION OF TERMS

SECTION 1. Title. – This Act shall be known as the "Special Protection

of Children Against Child Abuse, Exploitation and Discrimination Act."

SEC. 2. Declaration of State Policy and Principles. – It is hereby

declared to be the policy of the State to provide special protection to
children from all forms of abuse, neglect, cruelty, exploitation and
discrimination, and other conditions prejudicial to their development;
provide sanctions for their commission and carry out a program for
prevention and deterrence of and crisis intervention in situations of
child abuse, exploitation and discrimination.  The State shall intervene
on behalf of the child when the parent, guardian, teacher or person
having care or custody of the child fails or is unable to protect the child
against abuse, exploitation and discrimination or when such acts
against the child are committed by the said parent, guardian, teacher or
person having care and custody of the same. It shall be the policy of
the State to protect and rehabilitate children gravely threatened or
endangered by circumstances which affect or will affect their survival
and normal development and over which they have no control.
The best interests of children shall be the paramount consideration in
all actions concerning them, whether undertaken by public or private
social welfare institutions, courts of law, administrative authorities, and
legislative bodies, consistent with the principle of First Call for Children
as enunciated in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the
Child. Every effort shall be exerted to promote the welfare of children
and enhance their opportunities for a useful and happy life.
“Physical Violence” refers to acts that include bodily or physical harm;
“Sexual violence” refers to an act which is sexual in nature, committed
against a woman or her child. It includes, but is not limited to: rape,
sexual harassment, acts of lasciviousness, treating a woman or her
child as a sex object, making demeaning and sexually suggestive
remarks, physically attacking the sexual parts of the victim’s body,
forcing her/him to watch obscene publications and indecent shows or
forcing the woman or her child to do indecent acts and/or make films
thereof, forcing the wife and mistress/lover to live in the conjugal home
or sleep together in the same room with the abuser; acts causing or
attempting to cause the victim to engage in any sexual activity by force,
threat of force, physical or other harm or threat of physical or other
harm or coercion; Prostituting the woman or child. “Psychological
violence” refers to acts or omissions causing or likely to cause mental
or emotional suffering of the victim such as but not limited to
intimidation, harassment, stalking, damage to property, public ridicule
or humiliation, repeated verbal abuse and marital infidelity. It includes
causing or allowing the victim to witness the physical, sexual or
psychological abuse of a member of the family to which the victim
belongs, or to witness pornography in any form or to witness abusive
injury to pets or to unlawful or unwanted deprivation of the right to
custody and/or visitation of common children.
  the guidelines and procedures for the implementation
of Republic Act No. 9262 in order to ensure that women and
their children have effective access to justice and to services
and programs. These Rules and Regulations shall serve as the
minimum guidelines and standards for service providers
including government officials and personnel of national
8. Republic Act No.6981
AN ACT PROVIDING FOR A WITNESS PROTECTION, SECURITY
AND BENEFIT PROGRAM AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Section 1. Name of Act. - This Act shall be known as the "Witness
Protection, Security and Benefit Act". Section 2. Implementation of
Program. - The Department of Justice, hereinafter referred to as the
Department, through its Secretary, shall formulate and implement a
"Witness Protection, Security and Benefit Program", hereinafter
referred to as the Program, pursuant to and consistent with the
provisions of this Act. The Department may call upon any department,
bureau, office or any other executive agency to assist in the
implementation of the Program and the latter offices shall be under
legal duty and obligation to render such assistance. Section
3. Admission into the Program. - Any person who has witnessed or has
knowledge or information on the commission of a crime and has
testified or is testifying or about to testify before any judicial or quasi-
judicial body, or before any investigating authority, may be admitted
into the Program: the offense in which his testimony will be used is a
grave felony as defined under the Revised Penal Code, or its
equivalent under special laws;lawphi1Ÿhis testimony can be
substantially corroborated in its material points; he or any member of
his family within the second civil degree of consanguinity or affinity is
subjected to threats to his life or bodily injury or there is a likelihood that
he will be killed, forced, intimidated, harassed or corrupted to prevent
him from testifying, or to testify falsely, or evasively, because or on
account of his testimony; and he is not a law enforcement officer, even
if he would be testifying against the other law enforcement officers. In
such a case, only the immediate members of his family may avail
themselves of the protection provided for under this Act. If the
Department, after examination of said applicant and other relevant
facts, is convinced that the requirements of this Act and its
implementing rules and regulations have been complied with, it shall
admit said applicant to the Program, require said witness to execute a
sworn statement detailing his knowledge or information on the
commission of the crime, and thereafter issue the proper certification.
For purposes of this Act, any such person admitted to the Program
shall be known as the Witness. Section
 An example is when Senator Rodrigo said, “It was not
necessary to have read the novels of Rizal in order to venerate
him, that Rizal would still be a hero even if he had not written
his books.
9. Republic Act No. 10364

AN ACT EXPANDING REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9208, ENTITLED "AN ACT

TO INSTITUTE POLICIES TO ELIMINATE TRAFFICKING IN
PERSONS ESPECIALLY WOMEN AND CHILDREN, ESTABLISHING
THE NECESSARY INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISMS FOR THE
PROTECTION AND SUPPORT OF TRAFFICKED PERSONS,
PROVIDING PENALTIES FOR ITS VIOLATIONS AND FOR OTHER
PURPOSES"
Section 1. Short Title.  – This Act shall be known as the "Expanded
Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act of 2012″. Section 2. Section 2 of
Republic Act No. 9208 is hereby amended to read as follows: SEC.
2. Declaration of Policy.  – It is hereby declared that the State values
the dignity of every human person and guarantees the respect of
individual rights. In pursuit of this policy, the State shall give highest
priority to the enactment of measures and development of programs
that will promote human dignity, protect the people from any threat of
violence and exploitation, eliminate trafficking in persons, and mitigate
pressures for involuntary migration and servitude of persons, not only
to support trafficked persons but more importantly, to ensure their
recovery, rehabilitation and reintegration into the mainstream of society.
"It shall be a State policy to recognize the equal rights and inherent
human dignity of women and men as enshrined in the United Nations
Universal Declaration on Human Rights, United Nations Convention on
the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, United
Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, United Nations
Convention on the Protection of Migrant Workers and their Families,
United Nations Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime
Including its Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in
Persons, Especially Women and Children and all other relevant and
universally accepted human rights instruments and other international
conventions to which the Philippines is a signatory. "Section 3. Section
3 of Republic Act No. 9208 is hereby amended to read as follows: SEC.
3. Definition of Terms.  – As used in this Act:) Trafficking in Persons
–  refers to the recruitment, obtaining, hiring, providing, offering,
transportation, transfer, maintaining, harboring, or receipt of persons
with or without the victim’s consent or knowledge, within or across
national borders by means of threat, or use of force, or other forms of
coercion, abduction, fraud, deception, abuse of power or of position,
taking advantage of the vulnerability of the person, or, the giving or
receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person
having control over another person for the purpose of exploitation
which includes at a minimum, the exploitation or the prostitution of
others or other forms of sexual exploitation, forced labor or services,
slavery, servitude or the removal or sale of organs.
 act expanding republic act no. 9208, entitled “an act to institute
policies to eliminate trafficking in persons especially women
and children, establishing the necessary institutional
mechanisms for the protection and support of trafficked
persons, providing penalties