UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA

CENTRE OF FOUNDATION STUDIES FOR AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE

ASP0505 - PHYSICS II
Tittle : ELECTRICAL CONSUMPTION (MINI PROJECT )
Lecture Group : 10
Lecturer : MISSAINA SUHAIZA MOHAMAD NAZIR

Name Matric Number Academic Semester

NURUL AZIAH BINTI AS11572 2
ERIZON
 TABLE CONTENT

Title Page number

INTRODUCTION 3

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 4

OBJECTIVES 5

METHODOLOGY 5

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 12-15

COMPARISON 16

SUGGESTIONS 17

CONCLUSIONS 18

ATTACHMENTS 18-22

REFERRENCES 23

2
 INTRODUCTION

As we are living in a such big, increasingly wealthy and technologically adept country,
electricity is indeed important for our survival or in our daily lives. There are various
of reason especially the purpose and operation of machines such as computers,
laptops and televisions that systemed to display data. Since the screens are apply in
wherever one turns and on all hands, for instances, in medical, educational and
political areas, thus electricity is significantly used to continue the services.

Due to the mentioned reason, in the past decades, typically in this attack of Covid-19
cases, the demand for electricity has increased as the society are mostly staying at
home. Hence, the revolution of electricity has been made where it is generated
primarily from burning limited fossil fuel resources such as oil, coal, and natural
gases. The production of the natural gases has continuously increased year after year,
becoming one of the primary energy suppliers in 2012 at 38,648 kilotonne of oil
equivalent (ktoe).

As the natural gases are harmful for the environment and causes the consequences,
the Sustainable Energy Development Authority of Malaysia (SEDA), gain an initiative
that led to the renewable sources of energy such as solar marine and wind energy
that associate in regenerating the electricity. Nowadays, the society could even
generate their own electricity by using the PV systems that capture the sunlight then
turn it into electricity.

The electricity supply industry in Malaysia is conducted by the three huge companies
which are Tenega Nasional Berhad (TNB), Sarawak Electricity Supply Corporation
(SESCO) and Sabah Electricity Sdn.Bhd. (SESB). However, the main electric energy
supplier from the three company is the Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB). This cloud be
proved by it’s complete power supply system that include the National Grid which is
produced at 132,275 and 500 kilovolt (kV) for transmission and owns a generation
capacity of 11,296 MW in the peninsula.

Electricity tariffs is the rate of charging for electrical energy supplied by the utility
company to its consumer.Since TNB, SESB, and SESCO are different company, so
there will be differences in calculation on the tariff. The most expensive tariff goes to
TNB compared to the other two company because of the amount of the consumers
and higher demand that lead to better efficiency and technology.

This mini project can ensure me the estimated amount of electric power that have
been consumed per day, appliance and month by not looking in the electric bills. I
will also figure out the most appliances that has used up the electrical energy in my
house. By conducting this project, I can also inferred the methods to conserve more
electricity and save more money than before.

3
 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This mini project is basically about the research of electrical consumption (W) and
block rates (kW/h) in my home. All of the appliances are listed and the electrical
consumption during the selected months which are December 2020, January 2021
and February 2021 are calculated using a certain formula. An estimated value
calculated and compared with the actual ones. As the three months of bills collected,
I could easily compare the values of the electric consumption from the selected
months.Hence, I will analysis and interpret the differences of each bills. To make
sure I could understand the objectives, it is necessary to make a comparison for the
bills with my friends’.

HOUSE INFORMATION

1. Name NURUL AZIAH BINTI ERIZON

Address LOT 462-33, JALAN KERDAS 3, KAMPUNG KERDAS, GOMBAK,
2.
53100, KUALA LUMPUR.
Account No. 7074805066
3.
Homesize (square feet) 667.36
4.

No. My Home Selection Tick

Semi-Detached
Terrace House /
1. Home type
Bungalow
Apartment/Condominium
Own
2. Own/rent
Rent /
1 adult
2 adults
3 adults
4 adults
5 adults
3. Numbers of resident
6 adults /
7 adults
8 adults
9 adults
10+ adults
TNB /
4. Tariff Category SESCO
SESB

4
 OBJECTIVES

 To explore electrical consumption and block rates (kWh/kW) for own homes.
 To compare electrical consumption for two months or more.
 Propose alternative to reduce electrical usage.

METHODOLOGY

Tables and graphs are created and plotted using the estimated and
actual value.

A comparison between me and my partner's electrical

consumption for our houses is made to understand deeply on how
to save the electric usage.

A conclusion was created that relating to the ways of saving

electricity based on the analysis.

5
MALAYSIA’S TARIFF RATES :-

 Tenaga Nasional Berhad

 Sarawak Electricity Corporation

 Sabah Electricity Sdn. Bhd.

6
 BILL & READING HISTORY

Reading History
No. Reading Date Reading Type Meter Reading Consumption
Before After (kWh)

1. 17 December Real reading 36243 36546 303

2020
2. 16 January 2021 Real reading 36546 36825 279

3. 16 February Real reading 36825 37171 346

2021

Price History
No. Bill Date Invoice No. Bill Amount Amount
Payable
1. 17 December 2020 6185422650 78.55 67.84

2. 16 January 2021 6198849212 69.99 58.85

3. 16 February 2021 6210110081 100.74 95.43

7
Analysis :

Based on the fist table, we can see that the reading history for the consumption
of electricity in December 2020 is at 303 kWh. Next, the reading of electricity
consumption has decreased in the month of January 2021 which is at 279 kWh.
However, the reading tends to increase drastically and more than the one in
December which is at 346 kWh in the month of February 2021. These changes
happened might be contributed by several factors such as the occasions that occur
during the selected months, the changing number of people in my house, and the
time spent for an appliance to function.

Besides that, we can find the differences of the bill amount for the three months
from the next table which shows the price history for electricity consumption in my
house. Firstly, the reading tells that the bill amount in December 2020 is RM 67.84
and it decreased about 13.3 % which is at RM 58.84 in January 2021. Meanwhile, the
reading increased back in the month of February at RM 95.43. This matter indicates
the presence of relationship between the two variables which are the amount of
electricity consumption and the bill amount. As the amount of the electricity
increases, the bill amount will also increase. Thus, the amount electricity
consumption is directly proportional to the amount of cost that needed
to pay for the bill.

For further analysis, the amount electricity consumption and the bill amount can
be ordered where the highest is in February 2021 at 346 kWh with the bill amount of
RM 95.43. Moving on to the second highest which is on December 2020 that has
consumed for about 303 kWh and bill amount is RM 67.84. Lastly, the lowest value
for both amount of electricity consumption and bill amount are from the month of
January 2021 which is at 279 kWh with RM 58.84. There might be some reasons on
why the two variables fluctuated through the three selected months.

8
 PICTURES OF BILLS FOR THE THREE SELECTED MONTHS

• December 2020

9
• January 2021

1
• February 2021

1
 RESULT AND DISCUSSION

RESULT : -

A) Table (I) of estimated electric usage (kWh) for one month form the 3 months

- December 2020

Appliances Power Item Daily Daily Monthly

used (W) amount usage usage Usage (kWh)
(units) (hours) (kWh)
Television 71 1 1 0.071 2.201
WIFI router 6 1 24 0.144 4.464

Refrigerator 145 1 24 3.48 107.88

CFL lamp 15 12 10 1.8 55.8

Table Fan 55 1 2 0.11 3.41
Ceiling fan 75 1 4 0.3 9.3

Wall mounted 50.8 4 4 0.813 25.203

fan
Electric kettle 2000 1 1 2 62

Vacuum 760 1 0.25 0.19 5.89

Rice cooker 400 1 0.33 0.132 4.092

Computer 250 1 3 0.75 23.25

Total usage : 303.49

B) Table (II) for actual amount of electric consumption referring to the bills

The selected months and years The actual amount of electric

consumption (kWh)
December 2020 303

January 2021 279

February 2021 346

1
C) Graph (I) : The electric consumption per selected months

January 2021 February 2021

D) Graph (II) : Monthly electric consumption (kWh) per appliances

Monthly Electric Consumption (kWh) per Appliances

120
Electric Consumption (kWh)

100

80

60

40

20

0
December 2020 January 2021 February 2021
Months

Television WIFI router Refrigerator CFL lamp

Table Fan Ceiling fan Wall mounted fan Electric kettle
Vacuum Rice cooker Computer

1
E) Graph (III) : Monthly electric consumption in different house parts

Monthly Electric Consumption in Different House Parts

250
Electric Consumption (kWh)

200

150

100

50

0
December 2020 January 2021 February 2021
Months

Garage Living Room Master Bedroom small Bedroom (1)

small Bedroom (2) Dry Kitchen Wet Kitchen Toilet

ANALYSIS : -

Based on table (I) and (II), there is a slightly different between the estimated value
and the actual value in the month of December 2020. The difference is about 0.49
kWh where the estimated value calculated is higher than the actual value which is
constructed from the electric bill. The different value is caused by the value of the
power consumed per appliances that might not be the exact value. Thus, it will
results different value from the actual one as I could calculate using the specific
value of the power consumption of each appliance.

From the table (II) and Graph (I), we can see that the amount of electric
consumption in February 2021 is the highest which is at 346 kWh. The reason that
this matter is might be because of the increasing number of people inside my house.
The original number of people in my house is six people but it increased when my
older sister’s friend who are from Penang could not go back home and decided to
stay in our home. This is because of the pandemic and it is easier to stay at my home
as her university is located at the same state of mine which is Kuala Lumpur.
Therefore, we will spend more time in using the appliances and cause the increasing
of the electric consumption. For instances, the time when operating the table fan,
wall-mounted fan and CFL lamp will be higher than before because of the number of
people increase as these appliances are functioning for our comfort which we can
stay in a warm and bright surrounding.

1
 Besides that, the online classes were also conducted during the early of December
2020 and in February 2021. There is an occasion which is the school holiday and the
semester break for me and my younger sister and brother which is in secondary
school at the end of the December 2020 and in January 2021. Thus, this will be the
other reason on why the highest value of electric consumption is in February 2021
especially on the power usage for the computer. This is because the computer is an
important tool for us to sit in our online classes and for study purposes. As the time
of spending in front of the computer increases due to the long period of class
schedule, thus the power consumption will also increase.

However, the occasion can also be the reason of why the second highest electric
consumption is in December 2020 which is at 303 kWh and why the lowest electric
consumption is in January 2021. As mentioned before, we still conducting our online
classes but only at the early of the month because of the school holiday and the
semester break that started at the end of the December 2020 until January 2021.
Therefore, we were still consuming the electric from the computer but not as much
as the one in February 2021 which we had no occasion like holidays. Thus, the power
consumption is lesser in December 2020 compared to the consumption in February
2021.

Regarding for the Graph (II) and (III), we can see clearly that the highest electrical
power consumed is the refrigerator as the time for this appliance operating is the
longest and when I multiply its value with the power consumption, it will eventually
come to the highest average value which is at 106.72 kWh monthly. The second
highest of consumed power is the water kettle as we use it to heat our daily water
usage as we do not use the water cooler. Therefore, we are only using the water that
have been filtered by our water filter machine and heat it by the water kettle for
hygiene purposes. Lastly, electrical appliance that consume the lowest electrical
power if the rice cooker. The average value for rice cooker is at 4.06 kWh monthly.
This is because the time for using the rice cooker is only in fifteen to twenty minutes
which consumed a little power compared to the refrigerator. Hence, we can deduce
that the more time that spent for electric appliance, the higher the consumed power.

1
 COMPARISON

The Comparison of Electric Consumption in Two Different

Houses.
1422
1600 Jun-20
The Electric Consumption (kWh)

1400
1200
1000
800
600 303 350 346 337
279
Dec-20 Sep-20 Feb-21 Dec-20
400 Jan-21
200
0
First month Second month Third month
Months

Aziah Puteri

From the graph above, we can see that there are slightly different in the last two
months between my house’s electric consumption and my partner, Puteri’s house’s
electric consumption. However, the obvious different of the amount of electric
consumption can be seen in the first selected months. Puteri’s first month is June
2020 where the consumed electricity is at 1422 kWh compared to mine which is at
303 kWh in the month of December 2020. There are several reasons regarding this
case.

Firstly, the reason that I can come out is that she was celebrating the Eid Ul Fitri
Celebration where all the ‘Raya’ lights, the oven and the television were operating
consistently through the month. Meanwhile, the appliances in my house during the
first month which is December 2020 is not too useable as we were enjoying our
school holiday and semester break without consuming too much electricity
especially the computer, CFL lamps and fans. Therefore, it is undoubtedly depending
on the occasions that we were facing during the month that linked to the usage of
electric appliances.

Next, there will be more people in the house during the celebration that can
contribute to the higher usage of the electric appliances. As I analysed before, the
increasing number of people in a house, the higher the electric consumption. For
example, the television that was switching on continuously during the days as both
the guests and Puteri’s family could enjoy their celebration by watching the movies
and dramas on the television. However, the number of people in my house were not
change through out the month as we were only staying at home without having any
guests as the pandemic was ongoing.

In conclusion, it is proved that the causes of the high value of the electric
consumption is due to the number of people in a house and the occasions.

1
 SUGGESTIONS

WAYS TO SAVE THE ELECTRICITY & BILL CONSUMPTION

According to my observations, there are several steps that my family and I may take
to reduce our energy use and, as a result, lower our bill payment costs. Here are
some of the methods we can apply :

1. Just turned on the ceiling light which are the CFL lamps while there were
people in the room about the area. This is due to the fact that, as we can
see, ceiling lamps use a lot of power. This is because, the ceiling lamps use a
lot of electricity due to their large number of units, so just turning them on
when they are needed saves energy.

2. Create a timer for turning off the electric fan which are the wall mounted
fans and table fan. By doing so, we will reduce the interval that this electrical
appliances operate to only until we fell asleep which means that we are not
using in any longer as we all know that the more the spent on using an
appliance, the higher the power consumption.

3. Discuss within the siblings on the usage of the computer and make a time
table for each other. This is because we can use the computer in only a given
period or time for each other. Thus, it will be fair for all of us in using the
computer. The purposes of using it are also significant to look at as it is
discouraging to use the computer that produce less benefits to us like
playing games and watching cartoons.

Through exploring all of these options, I am certain that we will be able to limit the
inefficient use of power in my home and several others. Specifically, we want to save
money by lowering our bill numbers if the electric consumption is low. It is not just
saving money but it can contribute to the better environment. While it might not be
entirely obvious, there is a clear connection between the energy consumption and
the atmosphere. When we use less energy, we could help to reduce the amount of
harmful fumes emitted by power plants, save natural resources, and preserve
wildlife. We can be hero by helping to make the planet a better and happier place
with reducing the energy consumption.

1
 CONCLUSIONS

1. For my own home, I was able to investigate electricity consumption and block
rates (kWh/kW). In this situation, I was satisfied in estimating the amount of
energy that my household's electrical equipment consumed. I'm happy to
recognise what machines in my house use the most energy or electricity
which is the refrigerator. I can also make an order of the value of the electric
consumption through the appliances.

2. I could be able to compare and contrast the electrical usage over a period of
the three chosen months. I selected December 2020, January 2021, and
February 2021 for my mini project. I could figure out which month I use the
most and least energy, as well as the variables that influence my household's
electricity consumption.

3. In my home, I was able to effectively recommend the alternative ways to

limit the electrical consumption. In this scenario, I determined which
appliances use the most energy and devised strategies to help us minimise
our electrical consumption and, as a result, lower our bill number.

ATTACHMENTS

1. My House

1
2. Television

Items amount : 1
Power consumption : 71 kWh

3. Ceiling Fan

Items amount : 1
Power consumption : 75 kWh

4. WIFI Router

Items amount : 1
Power consumption : 6
kWh

1
5. Table Fan

Items amount : 1
Power consumption : 55 kWh

6. Vacuum

Items amount : 1
Power consumption : 760
kWh

7. Rice Cooker

Items amount : 1
Power consumption : 400 kWh

2
8. Refrigerator

Items amount : 1
Power consumption : 145
kWh

9. Wall mounted fan

Items amount : 4
Power consumption : 50.8 kWh

2
10. Computer

Items amount : 1
Power consumption :
250 kWh

11. Water kettle

Items amount : 1
Power consumption : 2000
kWh

12. CFL lamp

Items amount : 12
Power consumption : 15 kWh

2
 REFERENCES

- https://www.saveonenergy.com/learning-center/energy-saving-
tips/how-does-saving-energy-help-the-
environment/#:~:text=When%20you%20consume%20less%20power,and
%20protect%20ecosystems%20from%20destruction.

- https://www.tnb.com.my/residential/pricing-tariffs

- https://myelectricitybill.my/understanding_bill.html

- https://www.enerdata.net/publications/executive-briefing/electricity-
tariffs-malaysia-current-situation-and-outlook.html

- https://www.saveonenergy.com/energy-resources/energy-consumption/