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Poetry
Poetry
• PUNCTUATION- besides the length and margining of first word in each line, the
PUNCTUATION at the end of each is also a major tool for the poet. At times the
poet will want us to make a full stop, other times a gentle or slight pause, and
even others perhaps a sudden break, and so on. Ultimately, then, poetry
creates sensations, moods, and images in the reader’s mind.
STANZAS
- The lines in a poem are most often divided into sections looking as some
sort of paragraphing. These we call STANZAS. A stanza, therefore, is the grouping
of the lines, sort of like a paragraph.
RHYME
- The Sonic imitation usually of end syllables of words. There are basically two
kinds of rhyme used in poetry;
•END RHYME- the most typical and best known by young people, in which the
words at the end of a given line rhyme.
•INTERNAL RHYME- the rhyming takes place somewhere within the line and not at
the end. Ex: It won’t be LONG my SONG ends the day,
And the FLOWERS near the TOWERS reach the sky
PATTERN
- Rhyme contributes in creating a pattern when read approximately. It
creates a special effect which results in being pleasant and motivating. The human
mind itself has an inherent (internal) patterning force and capacity which allows
the individual to perceive and create the patterns inherent in poems. And it is
rhyme which is one of the contributors to the pattern created in reading or writing a
poem.
-is the perhaps one ultimate aim of poetry, to esthete – the beautiful. It is
poetry which allows mankind to express such beauty from within. Poetry itself is
beauty created.
CLASSIFICATION AND
DEFINITION OF LITERARY
TYPES OF POETRY
I. NARRATIVE POETRY- It refers to the class of poems such as epic, ballad, and
metrical romances that tell stories as distinct from dramatic and lyric poetry.
A. EPIC- A long narrative poem that focuses on heroic figure of group, and on
events that form the cultural history of a nation or tribe. The epic hero
undergoes a series of adventures that test his valor, intellect, and character.
Among the conventions of the epic is the author’s invocation to the muse,
the opening of the action in the middle of the epic is the author’s invocation
to the muse, the opening of the action in the middle of things (in medias res)
and the long lists, or catalogues, of ships, armies or, as in John Milton’s
Paradise Lost, devils.
• PRIMARY EPIC- direct expression of the culture they depict, composed orally
for performance before an audience such as Homer’s Illiad and Odyssey
• SECONDARY EPIC- written compositions that used the primary form as model it
encompasses Virgil’s Aenid and Milton’s Lost.
• Works that operate within the epic tradition includes:
Novels Poetry
Cervente’s Don Quixote (1605 - 15) Lord Byron’s Don Juan (1816)
Herman Melville’s Moby Dick (1851) Walt Whiteman’s Leaves of Grass (1855)
Marcel Proust’s Remembrance of thing past Ezra Pound’s Cantos (1920 - 72)
(1913 - 27)
William Carlos William’s Paterson (1946
- 58)
II. LYRIC POETRY- A type of poetry in which the “voice” of the poem records a
specific feeling or attitude. In this original form, The lyric was designed for musical
accompaniment, as the term evolved however, it came to embrace a wide
range of different poetic forms including the sonnet, ode, elegy, and eclogue.
A. ODE- A lyric poem of any length that addresses a person or treats a theme in
a dignified, serious manner.
• PINDARIC ODE- Is named after the Greek poet Pindar, whose poems, written
to commemorate athletic victories were sung by a chorus. Ex: Ben Johnson’s
“Ode to Sir Lucius Cary and Sir Henry Morrison”
• HORATIAN ODE- After the roman poet Horace, Horatian Odes are more
personal and reflective both Pindaric and Horatian Odes employs regular
stanzaic and and metrical patterns. Ex: John Keat’s “Ode on a Grecian Urn.”
• IRREGULAR ODE- Is associated with the 17th century English poet Abraham
Cowley, broke with the tradition of regular stanzas, permitting variations. Ex:
William Wordsworth’s “Ode: Intimations of immortality.”
B. SONNET- A 14 line lyric poem usually written, for sonnets in English, In
iambic pentameter. Has been one of the most popular poetic form in12th
century in Italy
SHAKESPEARE SONNET- a poem with fourteen lines arrange in three quatrains and a
couplet. Earlier port (Wyatt and Surrey) developed this stanza during the first half of
the sixteen century; it is refered to also an English sonnet, but the Shakespeare
sonnet is named for its greatest practitioner, who wrote 154 such poems.
C.VERS DE SOCIETE- Humoruos, light, and even sportive verse dealing with the follies and
fashions of the era on which it is composed. The term, French in origin and meaning “society
verse”, is applied to works that deal amusedly and amusingly with polite society and it often-
frivolous concerns. It is sometimes satiric and elaborately amorous, but it is always witty in
intention if not in actuality.
III.DRAMATIC POETRY- a term applied that employs dramatic form, such as the dramatic
monologue. By extension, the term refers to plays written partly in verse and written partly in
prose.
A. POETIC PLAYS
1. COMEDY-a play (or other literary composition) written chiefly to amuse its audience by
appealing to a sense of superiority over the character depicted. A comedy will normally
be closer to the representation of everyday life than a tragedy, and will explore common
human failings rather then tragedy’s disastrous crimes, its ending will usually be happy for
the leading characters. In another sense, Dante’s DIVINE COMEDY- carries this meaning, as
a dramatic form, it combines several kinds of mischief, including the satirical mockery of
living politicians and writers.
A historical (or history ) play is synonymous with chronicle play, although the latter
is more likely to deal with incidents involving only one major character and to
make greater use of pageantry ( coronation , battles scenes, state funerals ) than
the former. A play representing events drawn wholly or partly from recorded
history.