FST559 UNIT OPERATIONS

MAC-AUG2021
11/08/2021
Final Exam (2 hours)
2.15 pm-4.15 pm

NAME : FATIN UMAIRAH BINTI KAMARUDIN

GROUP: AS2463C Full Marks: 40

QUESTION 1

a) 10 kg of rice flour with a density of 1150 kg/m 3 is determined by sieve analysis to

have an average diameter of 2.58 mm. Estimate the available surface area of the
flour for reaction.
(2 marks)

b) Sugar crystals were ground from an average diameter of 500 m to powder with
an average diameter of 100 m. The net energy consumption was 0.5 kWh/tonne.
What would be the net energy consumption for grinding the crystals to 50 m
powder as according to Rittinger’s Law?
(4 marks)
 FST559 UNIT OPERATIONS
MAC-AUG2021
11/08/2021
Final Exam (2 hours)
2.15 pm-4.15 pm

NAME : FATIN UMAIRAH BINTI KAMARUDIN

GROUP: AS2463C Full Marks: 40
 FST559 UNIT OPERATIONS
MAC-AUG2021
11/08/2021
Final Exam (2 hours)
2.15 pm-4.15 pm

NAME : FATIN UMAIRAH BINTI KAMARUDIN

GROUP: AS2463C Full Marks: 40

QUESTION 2

a) A screw mixer is used to incorporate a flavour aid to a jelly. The product is packed in 500
g packets and the allowed range for the flavour aid is 0.57% to 0.63% per packet. Ten
samples with an approximate of 6000 particles each are taken at the different times. After
75 seconds, ten samples were collected and analyzed for flavour aid fractions. The
following flavour aid fractions were obtained:

0.95, 0.25, 1.04, 0.15, 0.88, 0.92, 0.18, 0.35, 0.20, 0.48

i) calculate the standard deviation of the flavour aid in the jelly mixture after 75 seconds
of mixing.
(3 marks)

ii) calculate the standard deviation before and after perfect mixing has been completed.
(2 marks)

iii) calculate the mixing index after 75 seconds based on your answers in (i) and (ii).
(2 marks)

iv) determine the mixing quality based on the answer in (iii).

(1 mark)

v) estimate the additional time (min) needed for getting a mixing index of 0.9.
(6 marks)
 FST559 UNIT OPERATIONS
MAC-AUG2021
11/08/2021
Final Exam (2 hours)
2.15 pm-4.15 pm

NAME : FATIN UMAIRAH BINTI KAMARUDIN

GROUP: AS2463C Full Marks: 40
 FST559 UNIT OPERATIONS
MAC-AUG2021
11/08/2021
Final Exam (2 hours)
2.15 pm-4.15 pm

NAME : FATIN UMAIRAH BINTI KAMARUDIN

GROUP: AS2463C Full Marks: 40

QUESTION 3

A single-effect evaporator is used to concentrate 10,000 kg/h of pineapple juice from

5% to 30% soluble solids. The juice enters the evaporator at 15 ℃. The evaporator
is operated with steam at 143.27 kPa. The vacuum inside the evaporator allows the
juice to boil at 75 ℃.

a) Estimate the amount of pineapple juice concentrate produced by using solid

balance.

(2 marks)
b) Estimate the amount of vapour produced by using overall mass balance.
(2 marks)

c) Calculate the entalphies of steam, vapour and condensate by using the steam
table.
(3 marks)

d) Calculate the enthalpies of the feed and product. Assume that the feed has a
specific heat of 4.1 kJ/kg ℃, and the product has a specific heat of 3.1 kJ/kg
℃.
(2 marks)
e) Calculate the amount of steam transferred by the heat exchanger.
(4 marks)

f) Determine the evaporator steam economy by using the results of b) and e).

(1 mark)
g) Predict the rate of heat transferred.
(2 marks)

h) Predict the effective heat transfer coefficient by assuming the heating surface
area is 50 m2.
(4 marks)
 FST559 UNIT OPERATIONS
MAC-AUG2021
11/08/2021
Final Exam (2 hours)
2.15 pm-4.15 pm

NAME : FATIN UMAIRAH BINTI KAMARUDIN

GROUP: AS2463C Full Marks: 40