UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DEL CENTRO DEL PERÚ

UNIVERSIDAD LICENCIADA

FACULTY OF
METALLURGICAL AND
MATERIAL ENGINEERING

TECHNICAL ENGLISH FOURTH CYCLE

READING Nº14 : WELDING

PROFESSOR: Mg. HEBER EGOAVIL VICTORIA

SIXTEEN WEEK
READING Nº12: WELDING
KINDS. HOW TO WORK.
. THE 9 DIFFERENT TYPES OF WELDING PROCESSES
Translate into spanish
1. TIG – Gas
Tungsten Arc
Welding (GTAW)

Image Credit By:

Prowelder87
,
common
s
Wikimedia
TIG welding also
goes by the names
of Heliarc and gas
tungsten arc
welding (GTAW).
With this type of
welding, the
electrode is non-consumable and made of tungsten. It is one of the few types of
welding that can be done with no filler metal, using only the two metals being welded
together. You can add a filler metal if you desire, but you will have to feed it by hand.
A gas tank is necessary with TIG welding to provide the constant flow of gas needed
to protect the weld. This means it’s generally better performed indoors and away
from the elements.
TIG welding is a precise form of welding that creates visually appealing welds and
doesn’t require cleanup, as there is no spatter. Due to these traits, it is a difficult type
of welding that is best reserved for experienced welders.
2. Flux-Cored Arc Welding (FCAW)

Image Credit By:

Alfred T. Palmer ,
common
s Wikimedia
This type of welding
is similar to MIG
welding. In fact,
MIG welders can
often perform
double duty as a
FCAW welder as
well. Just like in
MIG welding, a
wire that serves as the electrode and the filler metal is fed through your wand. This
is where things begin to differ. For FCAW, the wire has a core of flux that creates a
gas shield around the weld. This eliminates the need for an external gas supply.
FCAW is better suited for thicker, heavier metals, since it is a high-heat welding
method. It’s often used for heavy equipment repairs for this reason. It is an efficient
process that doesn’t create much waste. Since there’s no need for external gas, it’s
also low cost. There will be a bit of slag left over, though, and it will need a bit of
cleanup to make a beautifully finished weld.

3. Stick – Shielded-Metal Arc Welding (SMAW)

Image Credit By:

Justin McGarry of
Hull Technician
Chris B. Millones,
US gov, commons
wikimedia
This process of
welding started in
the 1930s but
continues to be
updated and
improved today. It
has remained a
popular form of welding because it is simple and easy to learn, as well as low cost to
operate. However, it doesn’t create the neatest welds, since it splatters easily.
Cleanup is usually necessary.
A replaceable electrode “stick” also serves the role of filler metal. An arc is created
that connects from the end of the stick to the base metals, melting the electrode into
filler metal and creating the weld. The stick is coated in flux that creates a gas cloud
when heated up and protects the metal from oxidation. As it cools, the gas settles on
the metal and becomes slag.
Since it doesn’t require gas, this process can be used outdoors, even in adverse
weather such as rain and wind. It also works well on rusted, painted, and dirty
surfaces, making it great for equipment repairs. Different types of electrodes are
available and easy to swap, making it simple to weld metals of many different kinds,
though it’s not great for thin metals. Stick welding is a highly skilled process with a
long learning curve.
4. MIG – Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW)
 MIG welding is a
simple form of
welding that can
easily be
performed by new
welders. MIG
stands for metal
inert gas, though it
is sometimes
called gas metal
arc welding
(GMAW). It is a
quick process that
involves the filler metal being fed through the wand, while gas is expelled around it
to shield it from outside elements. This means it’s not great for outdoor use. Still, it’s
a versatile process and can be used to weld many different types of metal at
different thicknesses.
The filler metal is a consumable wire fed from a spool, and it acts as the electrode
as well. When the arc is created from the tip of the wire to the base metal, the wire
melts, becoming filler metal and creating the weld. The wire is continuously fed
through the wand, allowing you to dial in your preferred speed. Done correctly, MIG
welding produces a smooth and tight weld that is visually appealing.
5. Laser Beam Welding

This type of
welding can be
used on metals or
thermoplastics. As
the name implies,
it involves the use
of a laser as a heat
source to create
the welds. It can
be used on carbon
steels, stainless
steel, HSLA steels,
titanium, and
aluminum. It is
easily automated
with robotics and is therefore used often in manufacturing, such as in the automotive
industry.

6. Electron-Beam Welding
 Image Credit By:
SDASM Archives,
flickr
This is a type of
welding where a
high-velocity beam
of electrons
creates heat
through kinetic
energy, welding
two materials
together. This is a
highly
sophisticated form of welding that is performed by machine, generally in a vacuum.

7. Plasma Arc Welding

Plasma arc welding is similar to

GTAW, but it uses a smaller arc,
increasing the precision of the
weld. It also uses a different
torch, achieving much higher
temperatures. Gas is pressurized
inside the wand, creating plasma.
The plasma is then ionized,
making it electrically conductive.

This allows the arc to be created, producing incredibly high temperatures that can
melt the base metals. This allows plasma arc welding to be performed with no filler
metal, another similarity to TIG welding.
This type of welding allows deep weld penetration with narrow welds, producing
aesthetically pleasing welds, as well as a high level of strength. On top of this, high
welding speeds are also possible.
8. Atomic Hydrogen Welding
Atomic hydrogen welding is an extremely high-heat form of welding that used to be
known as arc-atom welding. This type of welding involves using hydrogen gas to
shield two electrodes made of tungsten. It can reach temperatures above those of
an acetylene torch and can be performed with or without a filler metal. This is an
older form of welding that has been replaced by MIG welding in recent years.
9. Electroslag
This is an advanced process of welding that is used to join the thin edge of two
metal plates together vertically. Instead of the weld being applied to the outside of a
joint, it will take place in between the edges of the two plates. A copper electrode
wire is fed through a consumable metal guide tube that will act as filler metal. When
electricity is
introduced, the arc is created, and a weld begins at the bottom of the seam and is
slowly moved up, creating the weld in place of the seam as it goes. This is an
automated process and performed by machine.
Conclusion
Hopefully, you now have a basic understanding of the different types of welding.
Some types are performed by machine and require expensive specialty equipment.
Others can be performed by a hobbyist at home without breaking the bank. If you’re
looking to purchase a welder, be sure to check out one of our guides comparing the
best welders for home use.
GRAMMAR SECTION: THE PERFECT TENSE:
past perfect.
Active and passive voice

.
LISTENING
Oxides function
HOMEWORK
Write in English these formulas

1. Cl2O3 STOCK
TRADITIONAL
IUPAC
2. Na2O STOCK
TRADITIONAL
IUPAC
3. Cr2O3 STOCK
TRADITIONAL
IUPAC
4. I2O STOCK
TRADITIONAL
IUPAC
5. CuO STOCK
TRADITIONAL
 IUPAC
6. Ag2O STOCK
TRADITIONAL
IUPAC
7. Br2O3 STOCK
TRADITIONAL
IUPAC
8. PtO2 STOCK
TRADITIONAL
IUPAC
9. I2O7 STOCK
TRADITIONAL
IUPAC
10. MnO STOCK
TRADITIONAL
IUPAC
11. BaO STOCK
TRADITIONAL
IUPAC
12. CoO2 STOCK
TRADITIONAL
IUPAC
13. HgO STOCK
TRADITIONAL
IUPAC
14. P2O5 STOCK
TRADITIONAL
IUPAC
15. Cu2O STOCK
TRADITIONAL
IUPAC
16. Fe2O3 STOCK
TRADITIONAL
IUPAC
17. Al2O3 STOCK
TRADITIONAL
IUPAC
18. BaO STOCK
TRADITIONAL
IUPAC
19. I2O5 STOCK
TRADITIONAL
IUPAC
20. ZnO STOCK
TRADITIONAL
IUPAC
 MESH ANALYSIS
FIRST CYCLE SECOND CYCLE THIRD CYCLE FOURTH CYCLE
El = mlogX red red red red
1 E1= 6log1 = 0 0 10 100 1000
2 E2= 6log2 = 1.80617997 1.8 20 3.6 200 2000
3 E3= 6log3 =2.862727524 2.9 30 5.8 300 3000
4 E4= 6log4 =3.612350046 3.6 40 7.2 400 4000
5 E5= 6log5 =4.193820024 4.2 50 8.4 500 5000
6 E6= 6log6 =4.6689075 4.7 60 9.4 600 6000
7 E7= 6log7 = 5.07058824 5.1 70 10.2 700 7000
8 E8= 6log8 = 5.418539922 5.4 80 10.8 800 8000
9 E9= 6log9 = 5.725455024 5.7 90 11.4 900 9000
10 E10= 6log10 =6.0000000 6.0 100 12.0 1000 10000
Grafica los datos de la siguiente prueba granulométrica:

MESH MICRONS WEIGHT PERCENTAGE ACCUMULATED

ASTM GRAMS
+ -
GAUDIN SCHUMAMN
14 1410 5.22 2.61 2.61 97.39

16 1190 18.60 9.30 11.91 88.09

20 840 23.60 11.80 23.71 76.29

30 590 25.78 12.89 36.60 63.40

40 420 19.62 9.81 46.41 53.59

50 297 16.38 8.19 54.60 45.40

70 210 15.48 7.74 62.34 37.66

100 149 11.20 5.60 67.94 32.06

140 105 12.18 6.09 74.03 25.97

200 74 7.72 3.88 77.91 22.09

-200 -74 44.19 22.09 100.00 ---------

199.970 100.00
 2X3
MICRONS El = mlogX COMPLETE PARTIAL % ACCUMULATED NEGATIVE

El = mlogX PARTIAL

1410 E1410 = 6 log 1410 18.89531468 18.90 97.39 11.9310862 11.90

1190 E1410 = 6 log 1190 18.45328177 18.40 88.09 11.66955966 11.70
840 E1410 = 6 log 840 17.54567572 17.50 76.29 11.29480569 11.30
590 E1410 = 6 log 590 16.62511207 16.60 63.40 10.81253555 10.80
420 E1410 = 6 log 420 15.73949574 15.70 53.59 10.37450254 10.40
297 E1410 = 6 log 297 14.83653869 14.80 45.40 9.948068382 9.90
210 E1410 = 6 log 210 13.93331577 13.90 37.66 9.455281896 9.40
149 E1410 = 6 log 149 13.03911761 13.00 32.06 9.035781108 9.00
105 E1410 = 6 log 105 12.12713579 12.10 25.97 8.48683170 8.50
74 E1410 = 6 log 74 11.21539032 11.20 22.09 8.065174296 8.00
-74