Acid-Base balance – refers to the amount of hydrogen ions (acidic in nature) in the blood; more hydrogen equals acidic;

less
hydrogen equals alkaline.

Arterial or Venous blood gases of about 0.5-1ml, heparinized, to know for current acid-base balance.

Partial oxygen – a measurement of dissolved oxygen pressure in arterial blood; normal is 75 to 100 millimeters of mercury
(mmHg)

Partial CO2 – carbon dioxide this time; normal is 35-45 mmHg

Bicarbonate – an electrolyte, a negatively charged ion that is used by the body to help maintain the body's acid-base (pH)
balance23-30 mEq/L; generated in the kidney.

Respiratory and Renal system – responsible for acid-base balance

7.40 blood pH is the most normal kasi magfunction all cells sa ganitong environment, although normal ranges from 7.35-7.45,
meaning, if 7.39 na meron na slight acidosis, if 7.41 naman, meron na slight alkalosis.

If mataas ang PaCO2 mababa ang blood pH, meaning if mataas acidosis, if mababa alkalosis

If mataas ang bicarbonate mataas din ang blood pH, meaning if mataas alkalosis, if mababa acidosis

Respiratory acidosis – caused by carbon dioxide retention = obstruction in airway patency kaya di makaalis ang carbon dioxide, or
hyperventilation, this causes the kidney to produce more bicarbonate to normalize the blood pH.

Respiratory acidosis compensated – nai-normal ang blood pH; partially compensated – tumaas lang ang bicarbonate but di
nanormal ang blood pH; uncompensated – di tumaas whatsoever ang bicarbonate.

Metabolic acidosis – low bicarbonate, this causes the lungs to cause na maghypoventilate ang patient

Metabolic acidosis compensated – nai-normal ang blood pH; partially compensated – bumaba lang ang PaCO2 but di nanormal
ang blood pH; uncompensated – di bumaba whatsoever ang PaCO2.

Patients with diabetes have increased acid in blood, which are ketones.

Respiratory is inversely proportional with pH

Metabolic is directly proportional with pH

Uncompensated respiratory acidosis

Compensated respiratory acidosis

Acid ang problem then low paCO2 is compensation, then bicarbonate is acid kaya metabolic acidosis fully compensated.
Metabolic acidosis partially compensated