Quantitative Aptitude 11

Profit, Loss and Discount

Number of Questions : 45 CEX–6111/20

Level – 1 6. If the profit made on a packet of sugar is

Rs.40 and the cost price of the packet is
1. Instead of selling the bicycle for Rs.2,000 a Rs.200, then how much is the profit
shopkeeper sold it for Rs.1,500. Find the loss percentage?
incurred in transaction. (a) 20% (b) 25%
(c) 30% (d) 15%
1
(a) 33 % (b) 25%
3
7. By selling an article for Rs.100, a man gain
(c) 20% (d) Data Inadequate Rs.20. Then his gain percentage is
(a) 20% (b) 25%
2. Suvakar was very much excited about an offer
from Reebok that read ‘Buy things worth 2
(c) 16 % (d) 22.5%
Rs.2,000 and get things worth Rs.1,000 3
absolutely free!’. How much discount was
there in the offer? 8. What is the cost price of an item, when selling
(a) 50% (b) 100% price is Rs.40.60 and gain is 16%?
1 (a) Rs.64.96 (b) Rs.34.10
(c) 33 % (d) 25% (c) Rs.35 (d) Rs.36.20
3

3. By selling an article at Rs.540, a profit of 9. Find the single discount equivalent to

12.5% is made. In order to double the profit, successive discounts of 20%, 10% and 5%.
at what price should the article be sold? (a) 35% (b) 35.6%
(a) Rs.460 (b) Rs.680 (c) 30% (d) 31.6%
(c) Rs.480 (d) Rs.600
10. The difference between a discount of 35% and
4. If Pawan is making a profit of 25% on selling two successive discounts of 20% on a certain
price, then what is his actual profit bill was Rs.22. Find the amount of the bill.
percentage? (a) Rs.244.44 (b) Rs.1,100
(a) 25% (b) 30% (c) Rs.4,400 (d) Rs.2,200
(c) 35% (d) 33.33%
11. If cost price of 12 pens is equal to the selling
5. A cloth store is offering “Buy 3, get 1 free.” price of 8 pens, the gain percentage is
What is the net percentage discount being
offered by the store? 1
(a) 25% (b) 33 %
3
1
(a) 25% (b) 33 %
3 2
(c) 16 % (d) 50%
(c) 20% (d) 75% 3

QA – 11 Page 1
12. By selling 6 dozen oranges a person loses 19. A shopkeeper bought 60 pens at the rate of
selling price of 1 dozen oranges. Find his Rs.25 per pen. If the marked price of pens is
percentage loss. Rs.30 per pen and the shopkeeper gives a
2 discount of 12% on the marked price, then
(a) 14.28% (b) 16 % what will be the percentage profit gained by
3
the shopkeeper?
(c) 10% (d) 20%
(a) 25% (b) 56%
13. A dishonest dealer uses a scale of 90 cm (c) 5.6% (d) 20%
instead of a metre scale and claims to sell at
cost price. His profit percentage is 20. A shopkeeper allows a discount of 10% to his
(a) 9% (b) 10% customers and still gains 20%. Find the marked
(c) 12% (d) None of these price of the article which costs Rs.450.
14. If CP of 36 books is equal to SP of 30 books, (a) Rs.600 (b) Rs.540
then the gain percentage is (c) Rs.660 (d) Rs.580
(You have to assume that all the books cost
same.)
21. If an article is sold at 8% profit instead of
1
(a) 25% (b) 33 % 8% loss, it would have brought Rs.12 more.
3
Find out the cost price of the article.
2 (a) Rs.75 (b) Rs.72
(c) 16 % (d) 20%
3 (c) Rs.60 (d) Rs.70
15. While selling a watch, a shopkeeper gives a
discount of 5%. If he gives a discount of 6%, 22. A dealer sells a set of furniture at 20% loss.
he earns Rs.15 less as profit. What is the Had he sold it for Rs.900 more, he would have
marked price of the watch? made a 25% profit. At what price should he
(a) Rs.1,250 (b) Rs.1,400 sell in order to make 20% profit?
(c) Rs.1,500 (d) Rs.750 (a) Rs.1,800 (b) Rs.2,000
(c) Rs.2,400 (d) Rs.2,800
Level – 2
23. The cost price of a commodity is Rs.1,331.
16. A retailer marks all his goods at 50% above By selling it at a discount of Rs.100, the dealer
the cost price and offers a discount of 25%
makes a profit of 9.09%. If he decides not to
on the marked price. What is his actual profit
give any discount, then what will be the profit
on the sales?
made by him?
(a) 25% (b) 12.5%
(c) 15% (d) 20% (a) Rs.131 (b) Rs.121
(c) Rs.221 (d) Rs.231
17. A person sold his watch for Rs.24 and got a
profit percentage equal to the cost price, then 24. A man sells two items such that the cost
the cost price is price of one is equal to the selling price of the
(a) Rs.20 (b) Rs.18 second, and the selling price of the first is
(c) Rs.22 (d) Rs.16 equal to the cost price of the second. Which
of the following is true?
18. By selling an article for Rs.816, a shopkeeper
incurs a loss of 20%. At what price should he (a) He makes a profit
sell the article so as to gain 10%? (b) He makes a loss
(a) Rs.1,020 (b) Rs.1,122 (c) He makes neither profit nor loss
(c) Rs.1,120 (d) Rs.1,100 (d) None of these

Page 2 QA – 11
 2
Level – 3
25. By selling an article at th of the marked
5
31. In order to obtain an income of Rs.650 from
price, there is a loss of 25%. The ratio of the 10% stock at Rs.96 one must make an
marked price and the cost price of the article investment of
is (a) Rs.67.70 (b) Rs.6,240
(a) 8 : 15 (b) 8 : 5 (c) Rs.6,040 (d) Rs.960
(c) 15 : 8 (d) Data Inadequate
32. An article was sold for Rs.y after giving a
26. The spring balance of a trader showed discount of x%. Then, its list price is
800 gm for 1kg. What is the net result for the xy
shopkeeper, is it a profit or a loss and by (a) Rs.xy (b) Rs.
100
what percent?
y (d) (100 − x) y
(a) 25% loss (b) 20% profit 100
(c) Rs.
(c) 20% loss (d) 25% profit (100 − x) x

27. A man bought a shirt at 3/4th of its list price 33. A shopkeeper bought 80 kg rice for Rs.384
and sold it at 50% above its list price. What and was obliged to sell it at a loss of as much
is his percentage gain in the transaction? money as he received for 16 kg. Find selling
(a) 50% (b) 75% price (per kg) of rice.
(c) 25% (d) 100% (a) Rs.3.84 (b) Rs.4
(c) Rs.3.60 (d) Rs.4.50
28. A refrigerator is offered for sale at Rs.10,000.
34. The par value of the shares of company X and
After successive discounts of 20% and 15%,
Y is Rs.10. The market price of the shares
the selling price of the refrigerator is are Rs.40 and Rs.50 respectively. Find the
(a) 35% less than Rs.10,000 ratio of the return on investment for an investor
(b) 62% of Rs.10,000 if the dividends are 20% and 40% respectively.
(c) 28% less than Rs.10,000 Investment in both the cases is same.
(d) None of these (a) 5 : 8 (b) 8 : 5
(c) 8 : 13 (d) 13 : 8
29. By selling a goat for Rs.3,520, a man loses
12%. At what price must he sell it to gain 35. When an article is sold for Rs. X, loss
12%? percentage is equal to L%. However, when
(a) Rs.4,260 (b) Rs.4,480 the same article is sold for Rs. Y, profit
percentage is equal to P%. What is the cost
(c) Rs.4,080 (d) Rs.4,660
price of that article?
30. On selling 17 balls at Rs.720, there is a loss X−Y L +P
equal to the cost price of 5 balls. The cost (a) Rs. (b) Rs.
L +P X−Y
price of a ball is
(a) Rs.45 (b) Rs.50 (Y − X) (L + P)
(c) Rs. 100 (d) Rs. 100
(c) Rs.55 (d) Rs.60 (L + P) (Y − X)

QA – 11 Page 3
36. The price of a commodity is increased by 41. A dishonest seller uses a weight of 800 gm in
25%. By what percent should the place of 1 kg of sugar which contains 20%
consumption be changed so that there is a impurities. What would be his profit
decrease of 20% in the final expenditure? percentage if he claims to sale at cost price?
(a) 20% increase (b) 36% decrease (a) 50% (b) 45%
(c) 20% decrease (d) Data Inadequate (c) 45.5% (d) 56.25%

37. A shopkeeper bought some pencils at 2 for 42. A trader bought two horses for Rs.19,500. He
Rs.1, and an equal number at 3 for Rs.2. He sold one at a loss of 20% and the other at a
sold the entire lot at 5 for Rs.3. Find out his profit of 15%. If the selling price of each horse
gain or loss percentage. is the same, then their cost prices are
respectively
6
(a) 2 6 % loss (b) 3 % gain (a) Rs.10,000 and Rs.9,500
7 7
(b) Rs.11,500 and Rs.8,000
6 6 (c) Rs.12,000 and Rs.7,500
(c) 2 % gain (d) 3 % loss (d) Rs.10,500 and Rs.9,000
7 7

43. A merchant has 100 kg of sugar, part of which

38. A trader bought 10 kg oranges for Rs.405, of
he sells at 7% profit and the rest at 17% profit.
which 1 kg was found rotten. If he wishes to
He gains 10% on the whole. How much is
make a profit of 10%, at what rate per kg
sold at 17% profit?
should he sell the remaining oranges?
(a) 70 kg (b) 50 kg
(a) Rs.44.55 (b) Rs.48.66
(c) 35 kg (d) 30 kg
(c) Rs.51.25 (d) Rs.49.50

44. A shopkeeper makes 20% profit on selling a

39. A milkman mixes 2 L water in 9 L of milk and
Pizza. Had there been a hike of Rs. 10 in the
then sells the mixture at 10% more than the
cost price, he would have made a profit of
price of milk. If water comes free of cost, then
10%. If the selling price remains constant, at
what is his net profit in the transaction?
what price does he sell a Pizza?
(a) 34.4% (b) 32.2%
(a) Rs. 132 (b) Rs. 110
(c) 30% (d) 35%
(c) Rs. 100 (d) Rs. 120
40. Mr. Alphonso buys 2 lots of mangoes. The
45. An importer of cereals got a consignment of
first lot costs him Rs.30 per dozen and the
coarse rice. He had to sell his goods at 10%
second lot Rs.50 per dozen. He sold all the
loss to the distributor who sold it to the retailer
mangoes at Rs.40 per dozen. Find his profit
at 9% loss. However, the retailer manages to
or loss percentage if he spent the same
sell it to the customer at 8% profit. If the cost
amount of money on each of the lots.
price per kg for the importer is Rs. 200, then
2 2 what is the cumulative loss?
(a) 6 % loss (b) 6 % profit
3 3 (a) Rs. 47 (b) Rs. 23
(c) 5% profit (d) 5% loss (c) Rs. 27 (d) Rs. 33

Page 4 QA – 11
 Quantitative Aptitude – 11 CEX–6111/20

Profit, Loss and Discount

Answers and Explanations
1 d 2 c 3 d 4 d 5 a 6 a 7 b 8 c 9 d 10 d
11 d 12 a 13 d 14 d 15 c 16 b 17 a 18 b 19 c 20 a
21 a 22 c 23 c 24 c 25 c 26 c 27 d 28 d 29 b 30 d
31 b 32 c 33 b 34 a 35 c 36 b 37 c 38 d 39 a 40 b
41 d 42 b 43 d 44 a 45 b

Level – 1 8. c Let the cost price be x. Then,

SP – CP
1. d Mark-up price = Rs.2,000, S.P. = Rs.1,500. Gain% = ´100
CP
Since cost price is not given we cannot find the profit
or loss percentage. So, data is inadequate. 40.60 – x
Þ 16 = ´100 Þ x = Rs.35.
x
2. c In fact, you get things worth Rs.3,000, but you pay
Rs.2,000 only. So, you are getting a discount
9. d Let the listed price be Rs.100.
3000 − 2000 1 Then, net selling price = 95% of 90% of 80% of Rs.100
= × 100 = 33 %.
3000 3 95 90 80
= ´ ´ ´100 = Rs. 68.40
100 100 100
3. d (12.5% of CP) + CP = 540
112.5% of CP = 540 \ Required discount = (100 – 68.40)% = 31.6%.
Now (25% of CP) + CP = 125% of CP.
10. d Effective % change of x% and y%
540
SP = × 125 = Rs. 600 (earlier profit = 12.5%; æ xy ö÷
112.5 = çç x + y + ÷%
çè 100 ø÷
double the profit = 25%).
Now x = – 20% and y = – 20%
4. d Let SP be Rs.100, then profit = Rs.25; For two successive discounts the net discount
CP = 100 – 25 = Rs.75.
(–20)(–20)
= (–20) + (–20) + = 36%
25 100
∴ Profit percentage = × 100 = 33.33% .
75 Now let the amount of the bill be Rs.x.
(Two successive 20% discounts on x) – 35% of
5. a Let the price of one shirt be Rs.100. Then, x = Rs.22
Price of 4 shirts = 4 × 100 = Rs.400. Þ 36% of x – 35% of x = 22
Customer pays for 3 shirts i.e., Rs.300.
Þ 1% of x = 22
Discount = 400 – 300 = Rs.100.
x
Discount % =
Discount 100 Þ = 22 Þ x = Rs.2,200.
× 100 = × 100 = 25%. 100
Total price 400

11. d Let cost price of each pen be Rs.1. Then,

Pr ofit 40 CP of 12 pens = Rs.12
6. a Profit percentage = × 100 = × 100 = 20%.
CP 200 Also, SP of 8 pens = Rs.12
12
7. b Selling price = Rs.100. Gain = Rs.20 ∴ SP of 1 pen = = Rs.1.50
8
∴ CP = SP – gain = Rs.100 – Rs.20 = Rs.80
SP – CP 1.50 – 1
20
× 100 = 25% . \ Gain% = ´100 = ´100 = 50%.
∴ Gain percentage = CP 1
80

QA – 11 Page 1
12. a Loss = CP – SP. 19. c Cost price of the pens = 25 × 60 = Rs.1,500.
1 dozen SP = 6 dozen CP – 6 dozen SP Selling price of the pens = 30 × 0.88 × 60 = Rs.1,584.
7 dozen SP = 6 dozen CP
1584 − 1500
1 ∴ Profit percentage = × 100 = 5.6%.
Loss % = × 100 ≈ 14.28%. 1500
7

13. d Let the cost price of 1 cm of cloth be Rs.1. Then, 100 120
20. a Marked price of article = 450 × × = Rs.600.
CP of 1 m of cloth = SP of 1 m of cloth = Rs.100 90 100
Also, CP of 90 cm of cloth = Rs.90
Gain on selling 1 m of cloth =Rs.100 – 90 = Rs.10. 21. a Let the CP of the article be x.
1.08x – 0.92x = 12
Gain
Gain% = ´100 12
CP of 90 cm of cloth ⇒ 0.16x = 12 ⇒ x = = Rs. 75.
0.16
10
= ´100 = 11.11%.
90 22. c Let price of furniture set be x. Then,
1.25 x – 0.8x = 900
14. d Let the total investment = 36 × 30 = Rs.1,080. ⇒ 0.45x = 900
CP of one book = Rs.30, SP of one book = Rs.36.
900
36 − 30 6 ⇒ x = = Rs.2,000
Pr ofit = × 100 = × 100 = 20%. 0.45
30 30
To make 20% profit he should sell it at 2000 × 1.2
= Rs.2,400.
15. c Let the marked price of watch be Rs.x.
95 94 1
∴x× − x× = 15 23. c 9.09% = %
100 100 11
x 12
⇒ = 15 ⇒ x = Rs.1,500. SP at 9.09% profit = 1331 × = Rs.1,452
100 11
If he don’t offer any discount, then SP = Rs.1,552
Level – 2
His profit = 1,552 – 1,331 = Rs.221.
16. b Let the cost price of goods be Rs.100. Then, 24. c CP1 = SP2
Marked price = 150% of 100 = Rs.150. CP2 = SP1
Discount = 25% of Rs.150 = Rs.37.50 Hence, total CP = CP1 + CP2 = SP2 + SP1 = total SP
∴ Selling price = Marked price – Discount So, he makes no profit, no loss.
= 150 – 37.50 = Rs.112.50
25. c Let the marked price be x. Then,
SP – CP 112.50 – 100
Gain% = ´100 = ´100 = 12.5%.
CP 100 2
SP = x
5
17. a Let the cost price be ‘x’.
æ C.P. – S.P.÷ö
Then, profit % = Cost price Loss% = çç ´100
çè C.P. ÷÷ø
(SP − CP)  24 − x 
⇒x= × 100 ⇒ x =   × 100
CP  x  æç 2 ö÷
çç x ÷÷
Hence, x = Rs.20. Þ 25 = çç1– 5 ÷÷´100 Þ C.P. = 8 x.
çç C.P.÷÷÷ 15
ççè ÷
ø÷
CP – SP
18. b Loss% = ´100
CP 8
\ Ratio of marked price : cost price = x : x
æ x – 816 ÷ö 15
Let CP be x. Then, çççè ÷ ´100 = 20
x ÷ø = 15 : 8.

5 26. c Spring balance shows 800 gm for 1 kg.

⇒ x= × 816 = Rs.1,020 His loss = 200 gm per kg.
4
For 10% gain, selling price = 110% of x 200
His loss percent = ×100 = 20% loss.
1000
110
= × 1020 = Rs.1,122.
100

Page 2 QA – 11
27. d Let the list price of the shirt be Rs.100. 33. b Since selling price of 80 kg = CP of 80 kg – SP of 16 kg.
(Assuming SP = Rs.x per kg)
3 80x = CP – 16x
Price for which the shirt is bought (CP) = of 100
4 ∴ CP = (80 + 16)x = 96x ⇒ 96x = 384
= Rs.75 384
Price for which shirt is sold (SP) = 100 + 50% of 100 Hence, x = = 4. So, SP = Rs.4 per kg.
96
= Rs.150.
SP − CP 150 − 75
Profit = × 100 = × 100 = 100%.
34. a
CP 75 X Y
Par value 10 10
28. d Successive discount of 20% and 15%
Market Pr ice 40 50
20 × 15 Dividend 20% 40%
= – 20% – 15% + = – 35 + 3% = – 32%
100 Investment a a
⇒ Successive discount of 20% and 15% = discount
Therefore, number of shares each of them bought
of 32%.
a a
= ,
40 50
Selling price × 100 3520 × 100
29. b Cost price = = (Dividend) Income
100 − loss% 100 − 12 ⇒ 20% of 10 = 2
⇒ 40% of 10 = 4
3520 × 100
= = Rs. 4,000 a
88 ×2
40 100
Total return incomes of X = × 100 = =5
 100 + profit%  a 20
Now, selling price =   × Cost price
 100 
a
×4
50 100
 100 + 12  Total return incomes of Y = × 100 = 4 =8
=  × 4000 = Rs. 4,480. a 50
 100 
∴ Ratio = 5 : 8.
30. d Selling price of 17 balls = Rs.720 35. c Let the cost price be Rs.‘C’.
Let cost price of each ball be x. Then,
cost price of 17 balls = 17x C− X
Then, L =   × 100
and cost price of 5 balls = 5x  C 
Now, loss = cost price – selling price
L X
Þ loss = 17x – 720 = cost price of 5 balls ⇒ = 1− ... (i)
100 C
Þ 17x – 720 = 5x
Þ 12x = 720 Þ x = 60  Y −C
and P =   × 100
\ Cost price of one ball is Rs.60.  C 

P Y
Level – 3 ⇒ = −1 ... (ii)
100 C
Adding (i) and (ii), we get
31. b 10% stock at Rs.96 = 10% of Rs.96 = Rs.9.60
Total investment = Rs.650 × 9.60 = Rs.6,240. L+P Y− X 100(Y − X)
= ⇒C= .
100 C (L + P)
32. c SP = Rs.y
Discount = x% 36. b Let the initial values of price per unit, consumption and
Let the list price be ‘l’. expenditure be P, Q and E respectively and those of
final values be P1, Q1 and E1 respectively.
l– y x y
⇒ x=  × 100 ⇒ = 1– 3P×Q=E
 l  100 l and P1 = 1.25P and E1 = 0.8E
Thus, Q1 = 0.64Q
y 100 – x 100y
⇒ = ⇒ l = Rs. . Hence, there should be a decrease of 36% in the
l 100 (100 – x) consumption.

QA – 11 Page 3
37. c Take LCM of 2, 3, 5, i.e. 30. 41. d Let CP of 1 gm sugar be Rs.1.
So, cost of 30 pencils at the rate of 2 per rupee Then, SP of 1 gm sugar will be Rs.1.
= Rs.15 and cost of 30 pencils at the rate of 3 per The seller uses a weight of 800 gm in place of
Rs.2 = Rs.20. 1000 gm.
Hence, total cost of 60 pencils = 15 + 20 = Rs.35. Impurities in 800 gm = 800 × 0.2 = 160 gm
Selling price of 60 pencils at the rate of 5 per Rs.3 ∴ CP of sugar = 800 – 160 = Rs.640 which is sold in
= Rs.36. Rs.1,000.
1 20 6 Hence, profit percentage
Hence, profit percentage = × 100 = = 2 %.
35 7 7 1000 – 640
= × 100 = 56.25%.
640
Alternative method:
The easier way is to assume that he has one pencil of 42. b Let the cost price of first horse be Rs.x.
each kind.
Then, cost price of second horse = Rs.(19500 – x)
3 
× 2
SP  5
80 115
=  = 1.2 ∴ x× = (19500 − x ) ×
CP  1 2  1.16 100 100
2 + 3
  ⇒ 80x = 19500 × 115 – 115x

SP ⇒ 80x + 115x = 19500 × 115

Now as > 1 . It is a gain and also the gain is less
CP ⇒ 195x = 19500 × 115

1.2 .03 19500 × 115

than 3% as – 1≈ and ⇒ x= = Rs.11,500
1.16 1.16 195
as 3% of 1.16 ≈ 0.034 > 0.03 . Cost price of second horse
= 19500 – 11500 = Rs.8,000.
38. d Cost of 10 kg of oranges = Rs.405.
It is to be noted here that after 1 kg rotten oranges is 43. d Let he sold x kg of sugar at 17% profit.
found, he sells only 9 kg, but the cost to him will remain Since he made overall 10% profit on selling 100 kg of
Rs.405. sugar.
For 10% profit, he should sell the oranges at 7% of (100 – x) + 17% of x = 10% of 100
(1.1 × 405) = Rs.445.50 ⇒ x = 30 kg.
So, SP of 9 kg = Rs.445.50
44. a Let the cost of pizza is Rs. ‘x’.
445.50
Hence, SP per kg = = Rs. 49.50. Now, SP = 1.2x
9 The cost price after hike is Rs. (x + 10) and he made
10% profit on this new CP,
39. a Let price of milk be Rs.10 per L. SP = 1.1 × (x + 10) ⇒ 1.2x = 1.1x + 11 ⇒ x = Rs. 110
9 litre of milk costs = Rs.90
So, SP = 110 × 1.2 = Rs. 132.
(9 + 2) litre milk will fetch him = 1.1 (90 + 20) = Rs.121
121– 90 31 45. b Given that the CP for the importer is Rs. 200.
His net profit = × 100 = ×100 = 34.4%.
90 90 90
His SP = Rs. × 200 = Rs. 180
100
40. b Let Mr. Alphonso buys mangoes for Rs.150 [LCM of
This is the CP for the distributor
50, 30]
∴ The SP for the distributor
150
First type he buys = 5 dozen 91
30 = Rs. × 180 = Rs. 163.8
100
150 This SP is the CP for the retailer
Second type he buys = 3 dozen
50 ∴ SP of the retailer
In total he spent Rs.300 for 8 dozen mangoes 108
He sells all mangoes at Rs.40 per dozen = Rs. × 163.8 = Rs. 176.9
He earns 8 × 40 = Rs.320 100
∴ Cumulative loss
320 – 300 2 = Rs. 200 – Rs. 176.9 = Rs. 23.1.
His profit percentage = × 100 = 6 %.
300 3

Page 4 QA – 11