DN0005

Design note
A three phase induction motor
drive using a V/F control
Designs from our labs describe tested circuit designs from ST labs which provide optimized solutions By Dennis Nolan
for specific applications. For more information or support, visit www.st.com

Main components
STM8S Mainstream 8-bit MCU with Advanced Timer
L6391 High-voltage high and low side driver

Specification
 Speed control with acceleration and deceleration limit
 Over current protection
 Over voltage protection
 Over temperature protection on power IGBT
 Operating voltage (AC mains input) 90 – 130V
 Motor current up to 1A RMS

Circuit description
For loads where the load curve is well known, such as a fan, a simple V/F drive can provide
good efficiency and reasonable speed control without the need for any speed feedback. In
such an application, the actual rotation speed is the commanded speed less the slip. This
is the same operating mode as if a motor were connected directly to the mains, but we
have the added advantage of being able to control the drive frequency and therefore we
have a low cost and easily implemented speed control. The original application of this
board was a small fan used in a residential heating system.

February 2014 DN0005 Rev 2 1/5

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 The example software generates a three phase sine drive for the motor in voltage mode.
The software uses a simple V/F algorithm where the amplitude of the applied sine wave is
increased proportional to the drive frequency over the operating range. In the example
software, the desired speed is set using potentiometer R32 that is read by one of the
analog inputs on the microcontroller.

The V/F constant can be estimated from the motor rating. For example, if the motor is rated
at 120V for 60 Hz operation, the starting point for selecting the V/F constant is simply
120V/60Hz. For most applications this will be the appropriate value. The acceleration and
deceleration limit can be set empirically as appropriate for the application. For the board,
the most important parameter is to select a deceleration limit so that when decelerating
with the load, the high voltage power supply is not forced above the over voltage trip point.
The V/F constant, the acceleration rate and the deceleration rate are all set using #DEFINE
statements in the header so they can easily be set for the motor.

The circuit implements the V/F control using the advanced timer of the 8-bit microcontroller,
the STM8S103F3, to generate the three phase PWM signals with dead time to drive the
power bridge. The power stage is a three phase bridge using discrete IGBTs, T1-T6 and
half bridge gate driver ICs, U3, U5 and U8.

The power supply for the controller and gate drivers are derived from the high voltage
supply using a VIPer12, U1, in a buck configuration. It regulates 15 V for the gate drivers
and supplies a linear regulator, U2, that regulates 5V for the microcontroller and other
associated circuitry.

Over current protection, over voltage protection and over temperature protection are
implemented using the internal comparators in the L6391 gate driver IC. One input of each
comparator input is biased at 0.5V by R19 and R23. The other inputs are connected to
sense the voltage across the current sense resistor, R31, the temperature feedback from
the thermistor, NCT1, and the bus voltage from the lower resistor, R6, of the voltage
divider. If any of these three voltages exceed the 0.5V reference, the comparator will
activate the smart shutdown on one of the L6391 and pull the SD pin low. Since all three of
the SD pins are connected together, all of the bridge drivers will be turned off. As
configured, the board will detect a fault for a motor current over 2A, a high voltage supply
voltage over 200V, or a temperature on the NTC over 110oC. The trip point for any of the
three can be adjusted by changing the values of resistors on the board. The microcontroller
can sense that a fault has occurred by looking for a falling edge on the SD pin and take
action appropriate to shut down when a fault occurs.

P1 is power in from the AC mains. (120V, 60 Hz).

P2 is the SWIM programming connection for the STM8S103.

P3 is the motor terminal connection.

February 2014 DN0005 Rev 2 2/5

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 MAIN
15v REGULATEDSUPPLY

February 2014
RECTIFIER
D1
AC POWER IN STTA1R06U
P1 D2 +15V
IR8GBU06
L1

4
2 Vdc
NTC2

+
D3 1N4148WS R1
10E
SW NEU 1 U1 100K/2W

4
8
7
6
5
X1
3 2 C3 VIPER12AS
HEADER 2 VD D
ZD2
ZD1 DRA IN

470uF/200V 22uF/25V 100K/2W

MOV 125V 18V
15V SET

100uF/25V
R4

22uF/25V
CP4 C4
0.23V

-
-
RES
3 +

1
L1 Vdclink
FB CP1

0.1uF/400V
C8 C5 SOUR C E 1mH
22nF
+15V
R5 C7

1
2
LINE 3K3
N FILTER D4 0.1uF ZD3 U2
STTA1R06U 5V LF50 +5V
VBUS
1 3
@Vbus = 0.5V , Vi Vo
GND

Vdc = 404V
CP2 10uF/25V
R6 C9
4

510E 0.1uF
Figure 1. Circuit diagram

+15V Vdc
C10
D5 1N4148WS T1 TP3 TP1 TP2
U3 L6391 0.47uF/50V
R7
20K 1 14 R8
1
1
1

LIN VBOOT 47E +5V

2 13

STGB7NC60HD
SD HVG
R11
R9 R10
C11 C12 C13 1k R12 U4
R13 3 12
3K3 AH HIN OUT 10K STM8S103F3P3
27K 18E
Q1 1nF 1nF 1nF 4 11 D6 1N4148WS T2
ENABLE 2N2222 +15V VCC NC
R14 4 10
R15 NRST PA3 ENABLE
5 10 5 12
6K8 DT LVG 47E C15 OSC1/PA1 PB4
18E 6 15
R16 C14 47K 0.1uF PB1 Y1 OSC2/PA2 PC5
6 9 1
1 2

STGB7NC60HD
R17 NC CP+ VBUS R18 16.00MHZ PD4
18
100nF 47K SWIM
7 8
GND CP- REF
+5V 20
Ceramic PD3/AIN4 Fref
resonat or
19
SHUTDOWN PD2/AIN3 Vdclink
9 14
0.1uF VDD PC4/AIN2 Temp

DN0005 Rev 2
CD1 8
P2 VCAP
Vdc C22
7
0.1uF VSS
+5V 4 17
C16 D7 1N4148WS T3
PC7/PWMV CH
U5 L6391
3 16
0.47uF/50V PC6/PWMU BH
P3
2 3 13
27K R20 PD6 / RxD PC3/PWMU AH
1 14 1 2 11
R19 LIN VBOOT 47E +5V PD5 / TxD PB5/BKIN SHUTDOWN
1

STGB7NC60HD
2 13
SD HVG 4 HEADER
R21 R22
REF 1k 2
3 12 +5V R33
3K C31 C17 C18 C19 BH HIN OUT U6
18E 3
R23 4 11 D8 1N4148WS T4
10K
1
4

1uF 100nF 100nF 100nF +15V VCC NC

R24
5 10 R25
DT LVG 47E
18E R34 R28
C20 47K 10K
6 9 +5V
STGB7NC60HD
2
3

R26 NC CP+ R27 NEC2501

R2 +5V 200E
100nF 47K 4 HEADER
7 8
GND CP- REF R31
+15V R30
C21 4.7k R35 2K2 1
P5 100E 2K2
100pF U7 D10 2
CD2 CD3 CD4 0.25E/2W R29 Q2 3
4
1

1 1%
Vdc Fref 2N2222 R37 4
1uF 1uF 1uF 8K2
2 C28 D11 1N4148WS 0.1uF P4
T5
U8 L6391
R32

0.47uF/50V C25 C26

3
2

R36 C27 680pF

1 14
LIN VBOOT 47E NEC2501
5k

0.1uF
+5V 2 13
SD HVG
STGB7NC60HD

R38 R39
1k 3 12
10K CH HIN OUT
NTC1
18E
@97degC , D13 1N4148WS
4 11 T6
NTC 1 = 741E +15V VCC NC
R40
5 10 R41
Temp C29 DT LVG 47E Note:
18E
82E C30 47K
6 9 O/C protection - 2A
R43 NC CP+
STGB7NC60HD

R42 0.1uF R44 O/V protection - 200V

1% 100nF 7 8 47K O/T protection - 110degC
GND CP- REF

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3/5
Variations
The board includes an isolated serial (UART) interface that could be used to send on/off
and/or speed commands to the board. This is not implemented in the example software.

Support material

Related design support material

STSW-DRIVE001, 3-phase VF example source code for DN0005

Documentation
Datasheet: STM8S103F3, Mainstream Access line 8-bit MCU
Datasheet: L6391, High-voltage high and low side driver
Datasheet: VIPer12A, Fixed frequency off line converter

Revision history
Date Version Changes
30-May-12 1 Initial release
24-Feb-14 2 Revised schematic

February 2014 DN0005 Rev 2 4/5

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February 2014 DN0005 Rev 2 5/5

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