9th MATHS MATERIAL

LINES AND ANGLES

LECTURE-1
When these lines and angles will be used?
The lines and angles are being used by us so many situations for example, An
architect use different types of angles and set of lines, rays to draw designs for
buildings, dam, towers …..etc.
In science, say optics to explains the concept of reflection, refraction,
polarization to find work done by different forces acting on a body.

Reflection
Basic Term In geometry
most of the things in nature can be described by geometry.
Let us take example

Torch light
Sun
Ray : Apart of a line, with line one end point in called a ray.

Note :
 
1) OA  AO
2) It is one end point.
Line segment :
A part of a line with Two end points is called line segment

Note :
1. AB  BA
2. AB denotes length of line segment AB.
3. It has two end points.
Collinear points :
If three or more than three points lie on the same line then they are called collinear
points.

Here A, B, C are collinear points

Non-collinear points:
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If three or more than three points do not lie on the same line are called non-collinear
points.
*D
Here A, B, C and D are non collier points
Activity
Number of line segments which are obtained when number of ‘n’ points taken on the
n  n – 1
line is
2
Points on a line points taken line segments No.of line
on a line segments
A,B AB 2  2  1
1=
2
A,B,C AB, BC, AC 3  3  1
3=
2
A, B,C, D AB, AC , AD, 4  4  1
6=
BC , BD, CD 2
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
Taken n Points n points ? n  n  1
2
Angle : The change of ray from initial position to terminal position around fixed point
is called rotation. The measure of rotation is called an angle.

(or)
Definition 2
The union of two rays with one common end point is called an angle

AOB (or) O
Arms and vertex :
The rays making an angle are called arms and the common end point is called vertex.

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 Degree :
A circle is divided in 360 equal parts and measure of each part is called one degree.
Based on measure of angles which are expressed in degrees can be classified as
follows.
1. Zero angle : An angle whose measure is exactly zero degrees is called zero angle.

2. Right angle : An angle whose measure is exactly 900 is called right angle.

3. Acute angle : An angle whose measure is lie between 00 and 900 is called an acute
angle.

4. Straight angle : An angle who measure is exactly 1800 is called straight angle.

5. Obtuse angle : An angle whose measure is more than 900 and lesser than 1800 is
called obtuse angle.

6. Reflex angle : An angle whose measure is lie between 1800 and 3600 is called reflex
angle.

7. Complete angle: An angle whose measure is exactly 3600 is called complete angle.

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