2019-MS-ENE-15 Muhammad Adnan

Assignment 1
Reference Energy System (RES)
Definition and Elaboration
Reference Energy System (RES) is an analytical tool, which gives the relationships between Total Energy
Supplies and the Total Demand. The analysis may be from micro to global scale. It also highlights the
whole Energy Market or a particular part the market as well, similarly can be develop for National scale
or for worldwide global scale.

Need of RES in Development of National Energy Model

Energy planning and policy development require an in-depth assessment of energy resources and long-
term demand forecast estimate, Reference Energy System helps to develop baseline energy scenario and
then use to formulate energy policy at the national level by providing a broad assessment and comparison
of the technical and economic attributes of new technologies and their potential role in the energy system.

How to Construct RES on National Scale

The Reference Energy System (RES) is developed by creating a network representation of all the
different approaches that supply various forms of energy to the end-use activities. The RESs are used in
an assessment to evaluate new technologies by the techniques of perturbation analysis.
Analytical techniques are used to examine all operations involving specific fuels including their
extraction, refinement, conversion, transport, distribution, and utilization. Each of these activities is
represented by a link in the network for which efficiency, environmental impact, and cost coefficients
may be specified. The network is quantified for a given year with the level of energy demands and the
energy flows through the supply activities that are required to serve those demands. Following is the flow
chart of reference energy system.

Figure 1: Reference Energy System

(Source:https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Reference-Energy-System_fig1_267862107)