PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD Early

Times – 1564

The first period of the Philippine literary history is the longest. Long time before the Spaniards and other foreigners landed
on Philippine shores, our forefathers already had their own literature stamped in the history of our race.

RIDDLES (bugtong) – battle of wits among participants. It is called Tigmo in Cebu, Paktakon in Ilonggo and Patotdon in Bicol.
PROVERBS (salawikain) – wise sayings that contain a metaphor used to teach as a food for thought. TANAGA – one
stanza poems consisted usually of four lines with seven syllables, all lines rhyming.
FOLK SONGS – one of the oldest forms of Philippine literature that emerged in the Pre-Spanish period.
a. Hele or oyayi -lullaby
b. Ambahan (Mangyan) –about human relationships and social entertainment
c. Kalusan (Ivatan) – work songs
d. Tagay (Cebuano and Waray) – drinking song
e. Kanogan (Cebuano) – song of lamentation for the dead

FOLK TALES MYTHS – explain how the world was created, how certain animals possess certain characteristics,
why some places have waterfalls, volcanoes, mountains, flora and fauna
LEGENDS – explain the origin of things.
FABLES – used animal characters and allegory
FANTASY STORIES – deal with underworld characters such as tiyanak, aswang, kapre and so on.
EPICS – these are narratives of sustained length based on oral tradition revolving around supernatural events or heroic deeds.
Ex: Biag ni Lam-ang (Ilocano), Hinilawod (Panay), Kudaman (Palawan), Darangen (Maranao)
FOLK TALES – made up of stories about life, adventure, love, horror and humor where one can derive lessons about life.

SPANISH COLONIZATION PERIOD

1565-1863

Spanish occupied Philippines in early 15th century. The Spanish colonization period has two distinct classifications –
religious and secular.

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RELIGIOUS LITERATURE – religious lyrics written by Ladino poets or those versed in both Spanish and Tagalog were included
in early catechism.

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a. Pasyon – long narrative poem about the passion and death of Christ.
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1704 – Mahal Na Pasion ni Jesu Cristo,
b. Senakulo – dramatization of the pasyon, it shows the passion and death of Christ.

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SECULAR LITERATURE – non-religious literature
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a. Awit – colorful tales of chivalry made for singing and chanting. Ex: Ibong Adarna
b. Korido – metrical tale written in octosyllabic quatrains. Ex: Florante and Laura by Francisco Baltazar c. Prose
Narratives - written to prescribe proper decorum.
1879 – Modesto de Castro’s “Pagsusulatan ng Dalawang Binibini na si Urbana at si Feliza” and Joaquin Tuason’s “Ang
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Bagong Robinson”
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Spanish Colonization Period also has oral and written literature.

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ORAL LITERATURE – songs, religious drama, drama

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SONGS – a composition for voice and voices performed by singing.

Kundiman – is a Filipino love song traditionally sung by a man wooing the woman of his dreams.
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a. Leron Leron Sinta – this song depicts humbleness.

b. Sarung banggi – a Kundiman which means “one night” or “one evening” in Bicol.
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RELIGIOUS DRAMA – setting forth events recorded in the Bible or moral lessons to be drawn from religious teaching.
a. Panunuluyan – a Philippine Christmas dramatic ritual.
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DRAMA –enacted in front of live audiences. It is also known as play.

a. Why Woman Wash the Dishes – this is filled with humor and antiques.
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WRITTEN LITERATURE – short stories and poetry

SHORT STORIES – a brief work of literature

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POETRY –an imaginative awareness of experience expressed through meaning, sound, and rhythmic language.

1838 – Florante at Laura –about the love and determination.

NOTABLE FILIPINOS DURING THE SPANISH COLONIZATION PERIOD IN PHILIPPINE LITERATURE

JOSE DELA CRUZ (1746-1829) – he was the foremost exponent of the komedya during his time.

FRANCISO BALTAZAR (1788-1862) – he was popularly called Balagtas, he is the acknowledged master of traditional Tagalog
poetry.

NATIONALISTIC/ PROPAGANDA AND REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD

1864-1896

Literary Forms under this period include propaganda literature and revolutionary literature.

PROPAGANDA LITERATURE – reformatory in objective.

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a. POLITICAL ESSAYS – satires, editorials and news articles were written to attack and expose the evils of Spanish rule.
i. 1882 – Diariong Tagalog
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 ii. 1888 – La Solidaridad
b. POLITICAL NOVELS
i. 1887 – Noli Me Tangere
ii. 1891 – El Filibusterismo

REVOLUTIONARY LITERATURE – more propagandistic than literary as it is more violent in nature and demanded complete
independence for the country.

a. POLITICAL ESSAYS – helped inflame the spirit of revolution

1896 – Kalayaan – was a newspaper of the Katipunan which means "independence and solidarity” edited by Emilio
Jacinto.
b. POETRY
1896 – Hibik ng Pilipinas – Andres Bonifacio
1896 – Liwanag at Dilim – Emilio Jacinto
1898 – True Decalogue – Apolinario Mabini

RIZALIST AGE
1896-1899

1896 - Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo sparked the Revolution of 1896.

RIZAL AND HIS CONTEMPORARIES JOSE RIZAL

Philippine National Hero of the Philippines.
1896 – Mi Ultimo Adios – a poem written by Jose Rizal that was one of the last notes he wrote before his death.

MARCELO H. DEL PILAR

Popularly known as Plaridel, he was the editor and co-publisher of La Solidaridad.

1888 – Dasalan at Tocsohan –a satire on the friars’ hypocrisy, licentiousness and greed sarcasm.

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ANDRES BONIFACIO

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He was the “Father of the Philippine Revolution”.
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1896 – Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa –directed to the Filipinos in order to arouse their spirit of nationalism and self-dependence.

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AMERICAN COLONIZATION PERIOD
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1901-1946

Philippine literature in English, as a direct result of American colonization of the country, could not escape being imitative of
American models of writing especially during its period of apprenticeship.
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A. PERIOD OF APPRENTICESHIP (1910-1930)

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a. TAGALOG NOVELS
1906 – Banaag at Sikat – by Lope K. Santos
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b. ROMANTIC POETRY
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Pag-ibig – by Jose Corazon de Jesus.

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c. SHORT STORIES
i. 1925 – Dead Stars – by Paz Marquez Benitez. ii.
1927 – The Small Key – by Paz Latorena
iii. 1933 – Footnote to Youth –by Jose Garcia Villa
iv. 1940 – We Filipinos are Mild Drinkers –by Alejandro Roces.
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NOVEL
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1930 – Childe of Sorrow –first novel in English by Zoilo Galang. a. PERIOD

OF EMERGENCE (1920-1930)
SHORT STORIES – most prevalent literary form.
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Jose Garcia Villa – earned the international title “Poet of the Century”.

During this period, writers were given the chance to write in newspapers. Some of these newspapers were:

1902 – Ang Kaluwasan (Cebuano)

1903 – Muling Pagsilang (Tagalog)
1913 – Makinaugalingon (Ilonggo)
1908 – Nueva Era (Ilokano)

The best-known magazines that capitalized on short stories and poems were:

1922 – Liwayway (Tagalog)

1930 – Bisaya (Cebuano)
1934 – Hiligaynon (Ilonggo)
1934 – Bannawag (Ilokano)

JAPANESE COLONIZATION PERIOD

1946-1960
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A. WAR YEARS (1942-1944)

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 1943 – 25 Pinakamabuting Maikling Kathang Pilipino

Suyuan sa Tubigan – Macario Pineda

i. Lupang Tinubuan – Narciso Reyes

ii. Uhaw ang Tigang na Lupa – Liwayway Arceo

B. PERIOD OF MATURITY AND ORIGINALITY (1945-1960)

a. Palanca Awards for Literature - Established in 1950.

i. Jose Garcia Villa
ii. Nick Joaquin
iii. NVM Gonzales
iv. Bienvenido Santos v.
Gregorio Brillantes
vi. Gilda Cordero Fernardo

b. National Artist Awards - is an order bestowed on Filipinos who have made significant contributions to the development of
Philippine art.
i. Jose Garcia Villa ii.
Nick Joaquin

1946 – Ginto Sa Makiling –by Macario Pineda

1947 – Heart of the Islands – collection of poems by Manuel Viray
1950 – Philippines Cross Section – a collection of prose and poetry by Maximo Ramos and Florentino Valeros
1952 – Prose and Poems – by Nick Joaquin
1953 – Philippine Writing – by. T.D. Agcaoili

REPUBLIC PERIOD

1960-1985

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1967 – Horizons Least – a collection of works by Artemio Patacsil and Silverio Baltazar
1969 – Mga Ibong Mandaragit – Amado V. Hernandez

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1970s
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The government took part in reviving old plays like the Cenaculo, the Zarzuela and the Embayoka of the Muslims.

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1972 – Kerima Polotan Tuvera’s novel The Hand of the Enemy
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Radio and Television – Radio continued to be patronized during this period. The play series like SI MATAR, DAHLIA, ITO AND
PALAD KO, and MR. LONELY were the forms of recreation of those without television.
Filipino Films - A yearly Pista ng mga Pelikulng Pilipino (Yearly Filipino Film Festival) was held during this time.
Maynila…sa mga Kuko ng Liwanag – Bembol Roco was the lead role.
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Minsa’y Isang Gamu-Gamo; Nora Aunor was the principal performer here.
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Ganito Kami Noon…Paano Kayo Ngayon: led by Christopher de Leon and Gloria Diaz.
Insiang: by Hilda Koronel
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Aguila: led by Fernando Poe Jr., Jay Ilagan and Christopher de Leon

Comics, Magazines and other Publications - News on economic progress, discipline, culture, tourism and the like were favored
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more than the sensationalized reporting of killings, rape and robberies.

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Filipino Poetry – Poems during this period were romantic and revolutionary.
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Filipino Songs – Many Filipino songs dealt with themes that were really true-to-life like those of grief, poverty, aspirations for
freedom, love of God, of country and of fellowmen.

CONTEMPORARY/ MODERN PERIOD

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1986-PRESENT
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Things that were used and exercised during the Contemporary Period are:

Onomatopoeia – the use of words that imitate the sounds associated with the objects or actions they refer to. Messages in
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Poetry – the idea about life that a poet writes about is called the theme or message of the poem. Free Verse – a poem that has
no regular rhyme or rhythm.
Cause and Effect Relationship

Using Adjectives – is a word that describes, limits, or points out a noun.

Making Clear and Correct Comparison

1986 - The action of martial rule by President Ferdinand Marcos last September 21,1972 does not only oppress the writers' right
to free expression but also created conditions that made collaboration and cooperation convenient choices for artists' struggling for
recognition and survival.

1997 – sa Ngalan Ng Ina, by prize-winning poet-critic Lilia Quindoza Santiago, is, to date, the most comprehensive
compilation of feminist writing in the Philippines.
1998 – Many are writing novels. As fictionist Rony Diaz noted as judge, he had to read 350 novel entries for the
Philippine centennial literary contest in 1998.
2000sMany novels in English seem to have been written for literary contests like Palanca and Asia Man.
2010 The debate over textual and contextual criticism, balagtasismo and modernism, formalism and historical criticism
has persisted to this day in the academe. The more popular but banal issue is called “literature (art) and propaganda.”
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Overall, the character of the Philippine literary scene after "EDSA" maybe pinpointed be referring to the theories that inform
literary production, to the products issuing from the publishers, to the dominant concerns demonstrated by the
https://www.coursehero.com/file/32620250/philippine-literature-timelinedocx/
writers' output, and to the direction towards which literary studies are tending.
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