Common forest insect pests

Agrilus planipennis

Other scientific names: Agrilus feretrius Obenberger; Agrilus marcopoli Obenberger;

Agrilus marcopoli ulmi Kurosawa
Order and Family: Coleoptera: Buprestidae
Common names: Emerald ash borer; EAB

Life Cycle
Eggs:Eggs are approximately 1.23 mm in length and just under 1 mm in width. The surrounding
environment plays a role in egg development. Eggs held at 18–23°C hatched in 17 to 19 days,
while eggs at 24–26°C hatched in 12 to 13 days (Wang et al. 2010).

Larvae:

1. The longest stage of the beetle's life cycle

2. lasting approximately 300 days and four instars (Wang et al. 2010).

3. translucent and ivory colored, with a brown head covered mostly by the prothorax

4. length of approximately 25–32 mm (Emerald Ash Borer Information Network 2016).

5. The mouthparts are the only visible external structure on the head (Wang et al. 2010).

6. Larvae bore through bark and begin to feed in the outer phloem of trees, creating curved
galleries

Pupae:

An average of 20 days at 18–20°C (Wang et al. 2010, Herms and McCullough 2014). Pupae are
11–16 mm in length, and 3–5 mm in width.

Adults:

The adults of the emerald ash borer chew through the wood and emerge from trees from a small,
D-shaped exit hole about 3–4 mm in width (Wang et al. 2010). In a laboratory study, the
average longevity of the adult females was 20.5 days (range of 3 to 52 days) after emergence
from the exit hole, and males lived an average of 22.8 days (range of 3 to 53 days) after
emergence (Wang et al. 2010).
Anoplophora glabripennis

Other scientific names: Anoplophora nobilis; Cerosterna glabripennis; Cerosterna

laevigator; Melanauster nobilis; Melanauster luteonotatus; Melanauster angustatus;
Melanauster nanakineus
Order and Family: Coleoptera: Cerambycidae
Common names: Asian longhorned beetle; ALB; starry sky beetle; Basicosta
whitespotted longicorn beetle
Cinara cupressivora

Order and Family: Hemiptera: Aphididae

Common names: giant aphid; cypress aphid
Dendroctonus frontalis

Other scientific names: Dendroctonus arizonicus Hopkins

Order and Family: Coleoptera: Scolytidae
Common names: southern pine beetle; bark beetle; el gorgojo (Central America); tree
killer
Dendroctonus ponderosae

Other scientific names: Dendroctonus monticolae Hopkins

Order and Family: Coleoptera: Scolytidae
Common names: mountain pine beetle; bark beetle; Black Hills beetle

Dendroctonus valens

Other scientific names: Dendroctonus rhizophagus

Order and Family: Coleoptera: Scolytidae
Common names: red turpentine beetle; bark beetle
Dendrolimus sibiricus

Other scientific names: Dendrolimus laricus Tschetverikov; Dendrolimus superans

sibiricus Tschetverikov
Order and Family: Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae
Common names: Siberian caterpillar; Siberian silk moth; Siberian moth; Siberian
conifer silk moth; Siberian coniferous silk moth; Siberian lasiocampid; larch caterpillar
Gonipterus scutellatus

Order and Family: Coleoptera: Curculionidae

Common names: eucalyptus weevil; eucalyptus snout beetle
Heteropsylla cubana

Other scientific names: Heteropsylla incisa Sulc.

Order and Family: Hemiptera: Psyllidae
Common names: leucaena psyllid

Heteropsylla cubana (leucaena psyllid) is a species of in the family Psyllidae It occurs in South
and Central America, south east Asia including philippines as an insect plague (decline) on species
of broadleaved trees, such as Albizia, Mimosa, Leucaena leucocephala and Samanea saman. It has
also recently been found in Asia, on the islands of the South Pacific and in Africa. The insect feeds
on the young leaves and shoots, and on the older parts, also the flowers. The twig tops die off, and
in serious cases the whole tree can die after dropping all leaves.

Hypsipyla grandella

Order and Family: Lepidoptera: Pyralidae

Common names: mahogany shoot borer

The mahogany shoot borer, Hypsipyla grandella (Zeller), bores into the twigs and seed capsules
of trees in the mahogany family (Meliaceae), especially mahogany species (Swietenia spp.) and
cedro, known also as Spanish-cedar and tropical-cedar (Cedrela spp.). It is an important
economic pest and has been the subject of concerted research efforts in several tropical countries.

Hypsipyla robusta

Other scientific names: Epicrocis terebrans Oliff, 1890; Magiria robusta Moore, 1886;
Hypsipyla scabrusculella Ragonot, 1893; Hypsipyla pagodella Ragonot, 1888
Order and Family: Lepidoptera: Pyralidae
Common names: mahogany shoot borer; cedar tip moth; toon shoot fruit borer
Ips sexdentatus

Other scientific names: Dermestes sexdentatus Börner; Bostrichus pinastri Bechstein;

Tomicus stenographus Duftschmidt; Ips typographus De Geer
Order and Family: Coleoptera: Scolytidae
Common names: six-spined engraver beetle; six-toothed bark beetle; twelve-spined
ips; pine stenographer beetle

Ips subelongatus

Other scientific names: Ips fallax Eggers

Order and Family: Coleoptera: Scolytidae
Common names: larch bark beetle; larch engraver beetle; oblong bark beetle Ips
subelongatus Motschulsky, 1860 is considered to be the most destructive bark beetle
pest of larch within its natural range. It is considered by many to be of equal importance
to the European spruce bark beetle, Ips typographus, which is generally regarded as
Europe’s most damaging bark beetle.
Ips typographus

Other scientific names: Dermestes typographus Linnaeus, 1758; Bostrichus

octodentatus Paykull, 1800; Ips japonicus Niijima, 1909; Ips sexdentatus Börner, 1776;
Tomicus typographus Linnaeus, 1758
Order and Family: Coleoptera: Scolytidae
Common names: European spruce bark beetle; spruce beetle; spruce engraver beetle;
eight-toothed spruce bark beetle
Orthotomicus erosus

Other scientific names: Bostrichus duplicatus Ferrari; Bostrichus laricis Perris; Ips
erosus Wollaston; Ips erosus var. robustus Knotek; Tomicus erosus Wollaston; Tomicus
rectangulus Eichoff
Order and Family: Coleoptera: Scolytidae
Common names: Mediterranean pine engraver beetle; European bark beetle;
Mediterranean pine beetle

Leptocybe invasa

Order and Family: Hymenoptera: Eulophidae

Common names: blue gum chalcid

L. invasa is believed to be native either only to Australia or to the whole native range of its host
plants Eucalyptus, i.e. Australia, New Guinea, Indonesia and Philippines (Hill and Johnson,
2000; Nugnes et al., 2015). The species is closely related to its host plants and, in principle, could be
found everywhere Eucalyptus is grown. At the moment, it seems to have spread from its native
region into Africa, Asia, Europe, South and North America (Nugnes et al., 2015).

Species mostly affected

The majority of Eucalyptus species have been confirmed to be susceptible to L. invasa

1. E. camaldulensis 4. E. robusta

2. E. obtusa 5. E. tereticornis

3. E. grandis, 6. E. gomphocephala

Resistant t Eucalyptus spp

1. E. occidentalis did not show susceptibility to L. invasa,

2. E. erythrocorys exhibited “cork tissue” symptoms some days after deposition, but no further gall
formation was observed

Attacks take place within 1-2 weeks of bud break. Eggs are laid in the epidermis of the upper
sides of newly developed leaves, on both sides of the midrib, in the petioles and in the
parenchyma of twigs (TPCP, 2005). White minute, legless larvae develop within the host plant.
Five stages of gall development have been recorded on E. camaldulensis in Israel (TPCP, 2005).
1. The first symptoms of cork tissue appearing at the egg insertion spot begin one to two weeks
after oviposition. A small change in the morphology of the attacked tissue is evident, the cork
scar becomes bigger and the section of the midrib that carries the eggs often changes in colour
from green to pink. 2. Typical bump shape of the galls develops and they reach their maximum
size of about 2.7 mm wide. 3. Green colour on the surface fades and tends to change to pink
while retaining its typical gloss. 4. Glossiness of the gall surface is lost and colour changes to
light or dark red depending on whether the galls are present on leaves or on stems. 5. When
exposed to the sun, the galls change colour to light brown on leaves and red on stems.
Emergence holes of adult wasps are evident.

Lymantria dispar

Other scientific names: Porthetria dispar Linnaeus; Ocneria dispar Linnaeus; Bombyx
dispar Linnaeus; Hypogymna dispar Linnaeus; Liparis dispar Linnaeus; Phalaena dispar
Linnaeus; Porthesia dispar Linnaeus
Order and Family: Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae
Common names: gypsy moth; Asian gypsy moth; European gypsy moth
DISTRIBUTION Nepal, Northeast India, and Myanmar east to northern Thailand, southwestern
(Yunnan) and eastern China, and Taiwan and
Philippines.

Identification
The LD moth caterpillar and the Eastern Tent caterpillar are often confused, but they are readily
distinguished by comparing the markings of the two species.

LD moth caterpillars have five pairs of bluish "warts" followed by six rows of red warts running down the
length of the back. Eastern Tent caterpillars, however, have no warts but feature a prominent
yellowish-white center stripe above. They also have intricate markings in blue, orange, and white—
they're actually quite beautiful.

The time of year is also a helpful clue to caterpillar identification. Eastern Tent caterpillars hatch early
(about mid-April) and are quite noticeable by May as they start spinning silken "tents" for shelter. On
the other hand, the tiny and inconspicuous LD moth larvae are just beginning to emerge by May.

Mature adult LD moths are sexually dimorphic, which means males and females have different
appearances. Females are larger, white and buff in color, and flightless. Males are smaller than females
and darker overall with a pattern in shades of brown.
Lymantria monacha

Other scientific names: Psilura monacha Linnaeus; Liparis monacha Linnaeus;

Ocneria monacha Linnaeus; Phalaena monacha Linnaeus; Porthetria monacha
Linnaeus; Bombyx monacha Linnaeus, 1758; etc.
Order and Family: Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae
Common names: nun moth; tussock moth; black arches moth; black-arched tussock
moth, diamond back moth in the Philippines

Phoracantha recurva

Order and Family: Coleoptera: Cerambycidae

Common names: eucalyptus longhorned borer; eucalyptus borer; longicorn beetle;
yellow phoracantha borer; yellow longicorn beetle
Phoracantha semipunctata

Order and Family: Coleoptera: Cerambycidae

Common names: eucalyptus longhorned borer; common eucalypt longhorn; common
eucalypt longicorn; eucalypt longhorn; eucalyptus borer; longicorn beetle; blue gum
borer; firewood beetle
Thaumetopoea processionea

Other scientific names: Bombyx pityocampa Denis & Schiffermüller; Cnethocampa

pityocampa; Thaumetopoea wilkinsonii Tams
Order and Family: Lepidoptera: Thaumetopoeidae
Common names: Oak processionary moth
Thaumetopoea pityocampa

Other scientific names: Bombyx pityocampa Denis & Schiffermüller; Cnethocampa

pityocampa; Thaumetopoea wilkinsoni Tams
Order and Family: Lepidoptera: Thaumetopoeidae
Common names: Pine processionary caterpillar