Answers
Evaluation Rubric
Use your total marks to find out your competency level for this chapter and
carry out the recommended action(s).
Total Competency Description and
Marks Level Recommended Action
Showed complete understanding of the
concepts of matter
Able to apply these concepts
38-45 Showed almost complete understanding
of the concepts of matter
Able to somewhat apply these concepts
Focus on stating what matter is and
differentiating between the three states
of matter in terms of shape and volume.
For example:
> Matter is anything that has mass
and occupies space.
> A solid has a definite volume and
shape. It cannot be compressed.
^ A liquid has a definite volume but
no definite shape. It cannot be
compressed.
i- A gas has no definite volume or
shape. It can be compressed.
UnderstancLhowto measure mass and
volume using appropriate apparatus.
For example:
> Mass can be measured using a
balance.
> Volume can be measured using
syringes, measuring cylinders and
beakers.
Showed some understanding of the
concepts of matter
Focus on answering with more details
for questions in section B_
Showed limited understanding of the
concepts of matter
Revisit all the concepts in the chapter.
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w^ Diversity
•PALS
EXERCISE 1
Textbook
Reference
Section A
1. (4)
There are big shapes in group B.
A rectangle and a white-coloured
triangle are also found in group B.
The only difference is that the shapes
in group A have heart-shaped centres
but the shapes in group B do not.
Cycles
Pg 20-27 2. (2)
The objects are not livings things
as they cannot grow or respond to
their surroundings. Only the bus can
move from place to place when it is
driven. The phone, screen and flag
cannot move from place to place.
A common characteristic is that they
are rectangular in shape.
3. 0}
L is not alive so it cannot be a plant.
It does not have four sides so option
Cycles (2) is not the answer. L has stripes
Pg 28-33 so it is not option (4) which has dots.
Hence, the answer is option (1) by the
process of elimination.
4. (3}
The statements show that when living
things sense something (such as
coldness/ danger or signals), they
respond to these changes.
5. 0}
As each cage has a wire mesh,
the rabbits had enough air. The
number of rabbits in cage N did
not increase, so the rabbits did not
Cycles reproduce. The rabbits in cage M had
Pg 20-33
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air, water and food, which enable
them to live.
6. (4)
W and Y show characteristics of living
things. X and Z are non-living things
as they do not have all characteristics
of living things listed in the table.
X may be an inflating balloon or a fire
that grows bigger. Z can be a robot
that responds to instructions.
7. (2)
Living things such as spiders need air,
water and food to stay afive. There
is no air in the tightly capped box.
Without water and food, the spiders
would die.
8. (3)
Crickets are living things that need air,
water and food to survive. Punching
tiny holes will allow air to enter the
container, while preventing the
crickets from escaping. Placing food
in the container will also keep the
crickets alive. Removing the water dish
or decreasing the size of the container
do not help to keep them alive.
9. (1)
For the experiment to be a fair test,
there should be only one changed
variable which is the presence of
air. The crab in set-up A was given
only food and water and the crab
in set-up C was given air, food and
water. Hence, this allows for a fair
comparison.
Ready for Exams. Primary 3&4 159
 10. (3)
The fish reproduced, so the number
of fish should increase. The graphs in
options (1) and (4) show a decrease
in the number of fish. The graph in
option (2) shows that the number of
fish remains the same. Only option (3}
shows an increase in the number of fish.
n. (D
The information in the table only
shows that the baby's height and
mass are increasing over the months,
that is, he is growing. Even though
he is a living thing, the information
does not show that he can reproduce,
needs air, food and water, or can
respond to changes.
12. (4)
The cabbage and the bean plant are
examples of plants. The rat and the
tiger are examples of animals. The
mushroom is an example of a fungus.
Section B
13. In a restaurant: Fork; Cup; Plate;
Menu [1]
On a road: Lamp post; Traffic light;
Pedestrian; Zebra crossing [1]
14. (a) Cupcake [1]
(b) (Any living thing such as tiger,
giraffe, fish or tree. Accept other
possible answers.) [1]
15. (a) It can respond to changes. [1]
(b) It cannot grow [1] and it does not
need food and water. [13
16. (a) Animal Y. [y] It has air, food and
water but animal X has only food
and water. [-^-]
(b) Living things need air, food and
water to survive. [1]
160 for Exams • Primary 3&4
17. (a) Living things reproduce. [1] Living
things grow. [1]
(b) They had grown and had flown
away. [1] / They flew away to look
for food and water. [1] /There
was a predator around and they
responded by escaping. [1] (Accept
any possible answer.)
18. (a) To allow air to enter the container [1]
(b) (i) The houseflies in set-up X will
die [1] and the houseflies in
set-up Y will sun/ive. [1]
(ii) The houseflies in set-up X do
not have any food. [1]
19. (a) They can grow in size. [1]
(b) They cannot reproduce [1] and they
do not need air and food. [1]
20. (a) They respond to changes. [1]
(b) Provide water [1] and food [1] for the
earthworms.
21. (a) X: Any value between 13 cm to
24cm[1]Y:20cm[1]
(b) K [y]. It can grow [^].
(c» Things
JI-y]
Can reproduce Cannot reproduce
Needs air, food and Does not need air,
food and water
water
Can respond to Can respond to
changes changes
EXERCISE 2
Section A
1. (D
A plant is a living thing, which needs
air. water and food to survive. It can
grow and reproduce. It does not move
freely from place to place.
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2. (3)
Plants have leaves and stems. Some
plants such as the mangrove plant
have their roots growing above
ground. Plants make their own food
and do not depend on other plants
for food. Only flowering plants can
produce fruit
3. (2)
It is not possible to tefl the artificial
plant from the real plant by their parts.
This is because the artificial plant has
flowers, a stem and leaves like the
real plant. The real plant will grow
taller as it is a living thing. Plants are
living things that need water. Without
water, the real plant will start wilting.
4. (1)
The bean is the fruit produced by the
string bean plant. Hence, the plant
is a flowering plant, which has roots,
a stem, leaves and flowers. Plants
make their own food and do not
depend on other plants for food.
5. (3)
The strawberry, beans and chilli are
fruit. The cabbage comes from the
leaves of the cabbage plant.
6. (3)
Non-flowering plants are living things,
which can reproduce. They make their
own food and there is no evidence
that they have fewer leaves than
flowering plants. As non-flowering
plants do not bear flowers. they do
not produce fruit.
7. (2»
A fern is a non-ftowering plant and will
not bear fruit. The magnolia tree is a
flowering plant. Both the fern and tree
have leaves and cannot move freely
from place to place.
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8. (4)
Non-living things and animals cannot
make their own food while plants can
make their own food. Animals need
air, food and water. Only flowering
plants can bear flowers and produce
fruit. Non-flowering plants are not
able to produce fruit.
9. (3}
Mosses are non-flowering plants,
while cacti are flowering plants. Both
need sunlight to grow and make their
own food. Both cannot move freely
from place to place.
10. (3}
Plant X can make its own food. It
is a living thing, which grows and
reproduces. The plant is a food source
for animals. Plant X has a short stem.
11. (4)
The diagram shows a lotus plant that
lives in water. It is a flowering plant as
it produces fruit.
12. (3)
Ferns are non-flowering plants, which
do not produce fruit. They make their
own food and cannot move freely
from place to place.
Section B
13. (a) Group A: Animals?]
Group B: Plants [1]
(b) (i) Living things respond to
changes. [1]
(ii) Group B. [-^] A mimosa is a
plant as it has leaves. [-^-]
14. (a) Both plants have flowers. [1] /
Both plants have leaves. [1] / Both
plants have stems. [1] (Accept
other possible answers.)
for Exams -
 (b) Plant R lives in water but plants
lives on land. [1] (Accept any
possible answer.)
15. (a) Both plants have leaves. [1] /
Both plants have stems. [1] / Both
plants have roots. [1] (Accept other
possible answers.)
(b) Plant C has a fruit, but plant D does
not have any fruit. [1] Plant C has
flowers but plant D does not have
flowers. [1] (Accept other possible
answers.)
16. (a) J: Animals [1]
K: Non-flowering plants [1]
L: Flowering plants [13
(b) Group L. [1] A coconut tree is a plant
that can bear flowers / fruit. [1]
17. (a) The flowers of these plants can
become fruits. [1] (Accept other
possible answers.)
(b) The flowers are different in shape.
[1] Flower X grows singly, but
flower Y grows in a cluster. [1]
(Accept other possible answers.)
18. (a) Group Y: Fruit with one seed [1]
Group Z: Fruit with many seeds /
Fruit with more than one seed
(Accept any one.) [1]
[b] Tomato can be classified in group Z.
[1] It is a fruit with many seeds. [1]
19. [a] Plant L is a flowering plant. [^-] Its
flowers are not colourful and they
grow in a cluster. [^-]
(b) They are flowering plants. / They
bear flowers. (Accept any one.) [1]
(c) The flowers of plant K grow singly
but the flowers of plant M grow in
clusters, [1]
162 Ready for Exams • Primary 3&4
EXERCISE 3
Section A
1. (3)
The cactus is a plant. The bee, the
toad and the parrot are animals.
2. n»
The shark and the guppy are fish.
The crocodile and the snake are
reptiles. The platypus and the rabbit
are mammals.
3. (2»
The four animals reproduce by laying
eggs. The frog is an amphibian that
can live both on land and in water.
The rattlesnake is a reptile. The
cockroach is an insect which has a pair
of wings.
4. (3)
An insect has a pair of feelers, three
pairs of legs and three body parts. The
three pairs of legs are attached to the
middle part of the body.
5. (1»
The bat is a mammal, while the
penguin is a bird. The bat reproduces
by giving birth to live young, while
the penguin lays eggs. The bat can
fly and has hair as its outer covering.
The penguin cannot fly and has
feathers as its outer covering.
6. (4)
The animals in group D are fish,
the animals in group E are mammals,
and the animals in group F are
amphibians. Fish have scales as outer
covering. Mammals have hair on their
bodies and give birth to live young.
Amphibians have moist skin and
lay eggs.
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7. (3)
Mammals give birth to live young.
They do not reproduce by laying eggs.
Insects, reptiles and fish reproduce by
laying eggs. Insects do not have scales.
Instead, they have exoskeletons which
act as hard outer coverings. Reptiles
have dry skin covered with scales but
they do not have fins. Only fish have fins
and are covered with scales.
8. (2)
The four animals are classified
as birds. They have feathers and
reproduce by laying eggs. They live on
land only. The ostrich is unable to fly.
9, (4)
An amphibian is able to live both on
land and in water. It breathes through
its moist skin in water and lungs on
land. It reproduces by laying eggs.
10. (1)
Animals in group R are birds. Animals
in group S are fish. Animals in group
T are reptiles. Animals in group Q
include a mammal and a bird.
n. (2)
Animals in group X are amphibians,
which have moist skin. Animals in
group Y are reptiles, which have dry
skin covered with scales. Animals in
group Z are insects, which have a
hard outer covering.
12. (2)
The millipede has a pair of feelers.
However, it does not have the
characteristics of insects, such as
three body parts and three pairs of
legs. Insects do not have a certain
way of movement. Some crawl and
swim, while others fly.
Section B
13. (a) Both have a pair of wings. HI/
Both can fly. [II (Accept any one.)
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(b) The bee has three body parts but
the parrot does not. [1] / The bee
has three pairs of legs / a pair of
feelers but the parrot does not. [1]
/ The parrot has a beak / feathers
but the bee does not. [1] (Accept
any two.)
14. [a] Both live in water. [1] / Both
reproduce by laying eggs. [1]
(Accept other possible answers.)
(b) The frog has moist skin but the fish
has scales. [1] / The frog can live
on land and in water but the fish
can live in water only. [1] / The fish
has fins but the frog does not have
any fins. [1] (Accept any two.)
15. (a) It has hair as its outer covering [1]
and it gives birth to live young. [1]
(b) Bat/Zebra/Elephant/Cat/Lion
(Accept any possible answer.) [1]
16. (a)
Butterfly Lion Kingfisher Goldfish
D(y» B(^-) -1
A(y)
(b) Animals in group C live on land,
have wings and do not have three
body parts. [1]
(c) Bee / Grasshopper / Cockroach /
Cricket / Praying mantis (Accept
any possible answer.) [1]
17. (a) Group P: Insects [^]
Group Q: Reptiles [^-]
Group R: Fish [^]
Group S: Amphibians [-^-]
(b) Animals in group P have a hard
outer covering [^-] and animals in
group R have scales. [^-]
18. (a) Does it have feathers? / Does it
have a beak? (Accept any one.) [1]
(b) Animals in group X have scales [-^-]
and do not have dry skin. [^-]
Ready for Exams • Primary 3&4 163
 (c) Group W. [1] They reproduce by
laying eggs. [1]
19. (a) [i] Eye [y] [ii] Fin h|-I
[iii] Gill cover/ [^1 [iv] Tail [-^-]
(b) It will die [^-] as it cannot take in
air from water 1-^-] to sun/ive.
20. (a) Animal K. E-^-] It has dry skin with
scales. [-^-3
(b) Birds. [-^-] They have a beak /
feathers, [y] / Insects. [-^-] They
have three body parts, [-^-l (Accept
any one.)
EXERCISE 4
Section A
1. (1)
The only living things that make
their own food are plants. Fungi and
animals do not make their own food.
Fungi reproduce by spares. Animals
such as reptiles and insects reproduce
by laying eggs.
2. [2}
A toadstool can be seen with the
naked eye. It is a fungus, not a plant.
A hibiscus is a plant that can make
its own food but a toadstool does not
make its own food.
3. (1)
Some fungi such as certain types of
mushrooms are poisonous. Fungi
are not plants and they do not have
leaves. Fungi do not make their own
food and they reproduce by spares.
4. (3)
Mushrooms can be seen with
the naked eye so they are not
microorganisms. Mould and
164 Ready for Exams • Primary 3&4
mushrooms are examples of fungi.
Fungi are living things, which need
air, food and water to survive. Fungi
do not make their own food and they
reproduce by spares.
5. (3»
The bird's nest fern is a non-flowering
plant and not a fungus. The butterfly
is an insect and not a mammal. The
penguin is a bird and not a mammal.
The seal is a mammal and the
coconut tree is a flowering plant. Yeast
is a fungus.
6. t3)
A mushroom is a fungus and does not
bear flowers. It has a stalk and gills.
A fish does not have a stalk. A balsam
plant and algae do not have stalks or
gills.
7. (1)
Mould grows well in a damp
environment. As the blueberries in
container Y were given water,
the amount of mould growing in
container Y would be more than in
container X. The mould patches would
increase in size over time as the
mould reproduces.
8. (2)
Yeast is a type of fungi that can
be seen only under a microscope.
Bacteria also can be seen only under
a microscope.
9. (4)
A mushroom is a living thing, which
can reproduce. Bacteria do not make
their own food. They feed on other
living things or dead matter. Some
types of mushrooms are poisonous
and cannot be eaten. Bacteria and
yeast are microorganisms and can
only be seen using a microscope. A
mushroom and yoghurt can be seen
without the help of a microscope.
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10. (3)
The characteristics listed in the card
describe a bacterium, which is a
microorganism. Mould does not feed
on other living things. A fungus is not
found in the air. The surrounding air is
not a living thing and does not feed.
n. (21
There are useful bacteria and
edible fungi. Fungi and bacteria can
grow on other living things such as
plants. Some types of fungi such as
mushrooms can be seen with the
naked eye. One similarity between
fungi and bacteria is that they do not
make their own food as they are not
plants.
12. (4)
Bacteria do not make their own food.
Fungi, and not bacteria, reproduce by
spares. Bacteria are microorganisms,
which can only be viewed using a
microscope.
Section B
13. (a) Mould / Bread mould [1]
(b) To find out if the presence of water
would affect the growth of mould /
black patches [1]
(c) The toasted slice of bread serve
as a control set-up [I]/ so that Yu
Kai could compare the results
and confirm that the growth of
black patches was caused by the
presence of water only. [1]
(d)
Variables
Tick (^» if
correct
Location of
experiment
^{}}
Size of airtight bag ^[^}
Amount of water
poured onto
bread
Size of black
patches
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14, (a) Both are living things. [1] Both
reproduce byspores. [1] (Accept
other possible answers.)
(b) The mushroom is a fungus but
the bird's nest fern is a plant, [1]
The mushroom has a cap / gills / a
stalk but the bird's nest fern does
not have a cap / gills / a stalk. [1] /
The bird's nest fern has leaves
but the mushroom does not. H]
(Accept any two.}
15. (a) No. Only plants make their own
food. The mushroom and bracket
fungus are fungi. II]
(b) Both are living things. [1] / Both do
not make their own food. H] / Both
reproduce by spores. [}} I Both can
grow on other living things or dead
matter [1]. (Accept other possible
answers.)
(c) The mushroom has a cap / gills / a
stalk but the bracket fungus does
not have a cap / gills / a stalk.
(Accept any possible answer.) [1]
16. (a) He would observe mould patches
on the bread on both plates. [1]
(b) Mould does not need light to
grow. [1]
(c) Type of bread 11] / Amount of
water sprinkled on each bread [1]
(Accept other possible answers.)
17. (a) Group W: Birds [-^]
Group X: Plants^]
Group Y: Mammals [^-]
Group Z: Microorganisms [-^-}
(b) Living things in group X can make
their own food but living things
in group Z cannot. / Living things
in group X can be seen with the
naked eye but living things in
group Z can only be seen using a
microscope. (Accept any possible
answer.) [\]
for Exams.
 (c) Bacteria can be useful as some
types of bacteria are used to make
food such as yoghurt. / Bacteria
can be useful as some types of
bacteria are used in medicine
to treat illnesses. (Accept any
possible answer.) [1] Bacteria can
be harmful as they can cause food
to spoil, resulting in illnesses such
os food poisoning. (Accept any
possible answer.) [1]
18. (a)
Bracket Balsam
Fern Bacterium
fungus plant
-j- CU-^-] _L pr-^-i
(b) It can reproduce / grow / is
microscopic / feeds on living
things or dead matter, (Accept any
possible answer.) [1]
(c) Mushroom / Toadstool / Truffle
/ Yeast / Mould (Accept any
possible answer.) [1]
EXERCISE 5
Section A
1. (1»
Ceramics are a type of material
made from clay. They are not metals.
Copper, iron, steel and aluminium are
examples of metals.
2, (3)
Plastic is the most suitable material
as it is strong and wilt not break when
the water bottle is placed with other
objects in the bag. Glass breaks
easily and is not suitable for him to
carry in his bag to school. Fabric is
not waterproof and does not serve
the function of a water bottle. Metal is
also a suitable material as it is strong.
However, the statement that metal is
flexible is incorrect.
166 Ready for Exams • Primary 3&4
3. (4)
To measure time, he must be able
to see the sand inside the hourglass.
Glass is suitable as it allows light to
pass through. Rubber, metal and wood
do not allow light to pass through.
4. (3)
Wool comes from the outer covering
of sheep. Wood comes from the trunk
of trees. Cotton and rubber come
from cotton plants and rubber trees
respectively. Silk comes from the
cocoon of silkworms.
5. (2»
Test 1 allows him to find out if the
material allows light to pass through.
Test 2 allows him to find out if the
material floats or sinks in water. Test 3
allows him to find out if the material is
strong or weak. Test 4 will test for the
ability of the material to bend without
breaking. If it is flexible, it can bend
easily. If it is stiff, it cannot bend.
6. (4»
Object J is a spring as it is flexible and
can bend easily without breaking.
It can be made of plastic or metal.
Plastic and metal are waterproof.
The spring will sink in water. Object K
is a styrofoam cup as it can float on
water and is waterproof. It breaks
easily when bent Object L is a
tablecloth, which is flexible. It absorbs
water and does not float on water.
7. t2»
The clear raincoat and the fish bowl
are waterproof and allow light to pass
through. Both are strong as they do
not tear easily. The raincoat is flexible
and can be easily bent, but the fish
bowl is usually made of glass and
cannot be bent. The glass cup and the
metal knife are not flexible.
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Sheet A absorbed the most amount
of water. As sheet A was removed,
the least amount of water was left in
the container. The other sheets were
made of less absorbent materials.
Hence, there was more water left in
the other containers.
A needle is not flexible but trousers
and shoe soles are flexible. A needle
can sink in water so option (2) is
incorrect. Trousers and shoe soles do
not allow light to pass through them
so option (3) is incorrect. Shoe soles
are made of rubber, which comes
from rubber trees/ so option (4) is
incorrect.
10. (3»
The pages of a magazine are made of
paper, which is obtained from wood.
The staple bullets are made of metal,
which is strong and can be bent to
bind the pages together. Plastic is not
suitable for making staple bullets as it
is not strong enough.
n. (2)
Comparing the difference in mass at
the start and end of the experiment
shows how much water each ball
has absorbed. The results in the table
do not support the tests for strength,
flexibility or whether the balls can float
on water.
12. (1)
A and B represent types of materials.
A tyre and an eraser are made of
rubber. A knife and a wire are made
of metals. C and D are examples of
objects made of ceramics and wood
respectively. A flower pot is made
of ceramics and paper comes
from wood.
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Section B
13.
Material Property
Part X Fabric [y] It is flexible, [y]
It is strong / does
not break easily.
Part Y Metal [y]
^
It is flexible /
waterproof /
Part Z Plastic [y]
strong. [-^}
(Accept other possible answers.)
14. (a) Group J: Glass [y]
Group K: Fabrics [-^}
Group L: Plastics [-^-]
Group M: Metals [-^]
(b) Group L. [1] A hose is flexible. [1]
15. (a) Materials in group C are flexible /
can bend easily [-^] and can float on
water / do not sink in water. [4-]
(b) Group A [1]. The can cannot be
bent I-^-] easily and does not allow
light to pass through. [-^-]
16. (a) Ability to float/sink in water [1]
(b) Material A: Wood/Plastic [y]
Material B: Metal/Glass/Ceramics
lil
(Accept other possible answers.)
(c) It must be waterproof.
(Accept other possible answers.) [1]
17. (a) To find out which sheet / material
was the strongest / weakest [1]
(b) Size of sheet / Length of sheet /
Type of weight / Material of weight
(Accept other possible answers.) [2]
(c) To find out which sheet / material
was the most / least flexible [1]
Ready for Exams • Primary 3&4 167
 18. (a) Test Shine a torch at the object. [1]
Observation: If material Y is
transparent light can pass
through it. 11]
(b) Test: Drop some water on the
surface of the object. [1]
Observation: If material Y is
waterproof, it wili not absorb the
water. [1]
19. (a) Material W. [1] It absorbs more
water than material X [1] and a
handkerchief should be able to
(b) Glass / Rubber / Metai / Ceramic
/ P!astic (Accept other possible
answers.) [1]
Plastic bag. Plastic is stronger [1] to
carry the heavy items. It is wcrterproo
H] so the wet items wi!! not tear the
1. (K
Some animals/ such as the iadybird
beetle, have four stages in their life
cydes, while plants have three stages
in their life cycles. The iife cycles of
some animals such as
chicken have three stages but do not
have a nymph stage. The young of a
cockroach looks like the adult but it
cannot fty.
2. (2(
A butterfly, a grasshopper and a
mosquito have three body parts as
they are insects. However, only a
grasshopper has a three-stage life
cycle. A frog lays eggs in water and
its young, which is the tadpole, lives in
water. Like a grasshopper, a frog has
a three-stage life cycfe.
168 Ready for Exams • Primary 3&4
3. (2)
A chicken has three in its life
cycie, which are the , young and
aduit. Its !ife cycle does
4. (3)
The butterfly and beetie in group C
have four stages in their life cycles but
the frog does not. The frog in group
C and the chicken in group D cannot
fly. The grasshopper and cockroach
in group D have a nymph stage in
their life cycles but the chicken does
not. The young of the grasshopper,
cockroach and chicken took like the
beetle and frog do not.
The frog and chicken are not Insects.
The butterfly.and mosquito have a
four-stage !if(e cycle, while the
grasshopper have d
three-stage life cyde.
6. (1)
The graph shows that the egg hatches
in five days. The iife cycle of animal Z
lasts for more than 30 days. There is no
nymph stage in the iife cycle. The graph
does not show whether animai Z goes
through part of its !ife cycle in water.
7. (3>
The young of a chicken does not mou!t
and a chicken does not have a nymph
stage in its life cycle. The young of
both a chicken and a grasshopper
look like the aduEts. Oniy the egg of a
chicken has a hard shell.
On!y the mosquito fays eggs in water.
The larvae in both life cycles moult
several times before developing into
pupae. The larvae of both animals do
not look like the adults.
© 2019 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd
(D
A strawberry plant is a flowering plant.
It has only three stages in its life cycfe/
which are the seed, young plant and
10, (3)
A cockroach and a papaya plant
have three stages in their life cycles.
A cockroach has Q nymph stage in its
life cycle but a papaya plant does not.
A beetle and a mosquito have four
stages In their life cycles. A mosquito
goes through part of its life cycle in
water but a beetle goes through all of
its fife cycle on land.
11. (2)
plants have roots to take in water.
Only the adult tomato plant can
produce fruits which contain seeds.
The adult tomato plant has leaves that
can make food. The young tomato
plant does not get its food from the
soil. Its seed feaves provide it with
A bean plant reproduces by seeds.
A frog has a three-stage life cycle,
whife a butterfly has a four-stage life
cycle.
13. (a) P:Larva[y]
Q: Pupa [y]
R: Adult [-^1
JL
>: tgg IY
(b) The lan/a in stage P eats a tot but
the pupa in stage Q does not eat. ['
14. (a) Similarity: Both on aduEt mosquito
and an adult frog lay eggs in
water. (Accept other possible
answers.) [1]
2019 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd
Difference: A mosquito has a four-
stage life cycfe but a frog has a
three-stoge life cycle. / A mosquito
has a pupa stage in its Site cycle
but a frog does not.
(i) Group X: Have young that do
not look like the aduft t-^-]
Group Y: Have young ttiat look
like the adult l-^-]
(ii) Group X [1]
15. (a) (H
pupa
larva
iii)
young
rJLl
Eyj
has four stages in its life
cycle but animal N has on!y three
stages in its life cyde. [1] The !arva
of animal M mou!ts but the young
of animal N does not. [1] (Accept
other possible answers.)
(c) Larva stage. [~^} It eats crops and
thus destroys the crops. {-^]
(a) Both the adult mosquito and
adult grasshopper reproduce by
Saying eggs. (Accept any possible
answer.) [1]
(b) The mosquito has a pupa stage in
its life cycle but the grasshopper
does not. [1] The adult mosquito
lays eggs in water but the adult
grasshopper lays eggs on (and. [13
(Accept other possible answers.)
1c) AduEt stage, [-^-j It can spread
diseases, hi]
Ready for Exams • Primary 3&4
 17. (a) The Qdu!ts of both insects
reproduce by laying eggs. (Accept
other possible answers.) [1]
(b) Insect P has a three-stage life
cycle but insect Q has a four-stage
life cycle. (Accept other possible
answers.) [1]
(c) They allow insects P and Q to
continue to be found on Earth. [11
18. la) They are insects. / They have six
legs. [1]
Ib) Animal D has four stages in its life
cycle but animo! B does not. 11]
Animal C has a pupa stage in its
iifecyde. (Accept other possible
answers.) [1]
Ie;
5. H)
l/Amphibian;frog.
(Accept any possible answers.)
[-^-] for correct group
[±] fog. correct example
Stage Z. [1] It has leaves which can
make food. [1]
(b) Stage X [1]
(0 .young plant-
7. (2)
1. (3)
The masses of air and water in the
plunger of the syringe is pushed.
Air can be compressed but water
cannot be compressed. Thus, the
volume of the air in the syringe
decreases, while the volume of the
water remains the same when the
piungeris pushed.
170 Ready for Exams • Primary 3&4
(3)
Light, sound and shadow do not have
mass or occupy space. Hence, they
are not matter. Water vapour is matter
in
t2)
The volume of substance E did not
change when the plunger of the
ie was pushed. This shows that
substance E cannot be compressed
and is thus a solid or a
s.
Air can be compressed. Thus, more air
can be pumped into all three balls.
does not occupy
space. B couid I: tir or water vapour
as it does not n<
voiume. C could water as it has a
definite volume no definite shape.
a was 500 -100 =
voiume and shape.
Oi
A couEd be air as it can be compressed
and has no definite shape or volume.
B could be a marble as it has a definite
shape and volume, and it cannot be
compressed. C could be light as it is
not matter. D could be oil as it has a
volume but no
and it cannot be compressed.
Sand is a soild, which has a definite
voiume and cannot be compressed.
There were empty spaces between the
plastic bails In the beaker. Thus, the
total volume of the plastic ba!!s was less
than 200 cm3. When sand was poured
into the beaker, it occupied the empty
spaces between the pEastic balls,
© 2019 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd
(4)
clip was
13. (a) Object B has a greater mass than
water from the funnel ffowed into the
object A. [1]
container as air in the container couid
(b) The balance would tilt to the
be compressed. Air occupied space in
right. [1] Water has mass.
the container and could not escape.
Thus, container Q would have
Hence/ water stopped flowing into the
more mass after water was
container eventually. When the clip
poured into it. [1]
was opened/ air in the container could
14. (a) Below the 400 ml mark. [1] The
enter the beaker of water through the
water would occupy the empty
rubber tubing. Thus, more water in the
spaces between the iron balls. [1].
(b) A liquid occupies space. 11] A liquid
were
does not have a definite shape./
A iiquid takes the shape of its
container [1]
(1)
The increase in the reading or
eiectronic balance shows that
mass. The mass of air in the
into the baii.
10. (3)
The volume of air in the
(b) Solids occupy space. / Solids have
cm3. Air can be
compressed. Thus, the volume of air
(c) Be!ow the 200 cm3 mark. [•
A part of object Y was not immersed
in the water in the beaker. h|-]
n. (3) 16. (a) (i( Air /Water vapour (Accept any
The box is a solid. An electronic
possible answer.} [1]
balance and a bdonce with (ii) It can be compressed. /
masses can be used to measure the It does not have a definite
mass of a soEid A measuring cylinder shape. / It does not have a
with water and an empty container definite volume. 11]
are not suitable for measuring the (b) Volume of substance Z is
mass of the box of iron nails. 700 - 200 - 500 cm3. D]
12. (2) 17. (a) Object WHJ
The water levels in beakers B and C
are the same. This shows that objects
(b) She is not correct. E-^-l Objects X
Y and Z have the same volume. and Y have the same mass but
The water ievel in beaker A is lower object Y has a greater volume
than the water level in beakers B and
than object X. 1-^-]
C. This shows that object X has the
smallest volume. (c) Object Y[1]
2019 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd Ready fof Exams . Primary 3fir4 171
18. (a) 150 cm3 [13
(b) 150 cm3. [1] Air can be
compressed/ so the volume of
air inside the tank remained
unchanged. [1]

19. (a) Gaseous state, [-^-j Only gases can

be compressed. [-^-]
(b) Substance R has a definite shape
but substance Q does not. [1]
(c) He couid pour substance Q/
which is a liquid, into a measuring
[4-1 and take the
of the liquid level. This wi!! be the
volume of substance Q.

20. (a) He should place the stone on one

pan of a balance 1-^-1 and place
fixed masses on the other pan
until both pans are balanced. [^-] /
He should place the stone on the
pan of an electronic balance
I-^-I and take the reading which is
the mass of the stone.
(b( The stone occupied space [y] and
caused the water level to increase.
•±1
lyj
(c( The measuring cylinder could be
used to measure the volume of the
water that f!owed from the spout
of the container. [1] This volume is
equo! to the volume of the
stone. [1]

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