You need to get to level 50 on any Job, then get to Ishgard (this will require over 100 quests

after you do The Praetorium). There you can start Dark Knight, it will be a level 30 Advanced
Job and is a Tank.
Gladiator is a Tank class that becomes the Paladin Job at level 30, Marauder is the other Tank
class it becomes Warrior also at level 30.
To unlock a Job, you need to level a different class to level 15 with your main at 30, Paladin
needs Conjurer to 15, Warrior needs Gladiator to 15.
You will be best served by leveling one of these to get experience as a Tank.