KING SAUD UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

PGE 361

Reservoir Rocks and Fluid Flow

Rock Types and Hydrocarbon Systems Tutorial

Due Date: 02/11/2020

Student Name:

ID Number:
First: Answer the Following Questions:

1. Why is it important for petroleum engineers to study rock properties? (15 points)
a. Estimate the reserve by the volumetric method;
V ∅ (1−SW )
OSTOIP= b
B oi
b. Reservoir production capabilities (from permeability and pressure).
c. Residual oil saturations (from wettability, capillary, and relative permeability).
d. Fluid flow behavior in the rock.
e. Field development plan (injection production systems).
2. What are the rock types? Which one is the most important for petroleum engineers?
(10 points)
a. Sedimentary rocks.
b. Igneous rocks.
c. Metamorphic rocks.
Sedimentary rocks are the most important.
3. What is the definition of a petroleum reservoir? (5 points)
It is a body of porous and permeable rock containing petroleum fluids surrounded by
impermeable rocks. (Cap rocks)
4. Mention the factors that must there, in order for oil to be accumulated. (12 points)
a. Source rock.
b. Migration Pathway. (Carrier rock)
c. Reservoir Rock.
d. Trap or seal.
5. What are the two stages of hydrocarbon migration? What is the difference between them?
(10 points)
a. Primary migration:
- From the source rock to a porous rock.
- Complex and cannot be fully understood.
- It is limited to few hundred meters.
b. Secondary migration:
- Along the porous rock to the trap.
- Occurs by buoyancy, capillary pressure and hydrodynamics
through a continous water filled pore system.
- Can take place over large distances.
6. Mention three types of traps? (6 points)
a. Anticline.
b. Salt dome.
c. Against fault.
7. Petroleum engineers use different techniques to identify source and reservoir rocks,
mention them. (6 points)
a. Mud logging.
b. Measurements while drilling (MWD) and logging while drilling (LWD).
c. Coring and laboratory measurements.
8. What are the major rock types in Saudi fields? (3 points)
Mainly Limestone and Sandstone
9. Write down the reservoir names on Ghawar field: (15 points)
Second: Fill in the Blank: (8 points)

1. Sedimentary rocks are divided into Clastic rocks and Carbonate rocks
2. Ghawar field (mainly Limestone and Sandstone).
3. Safaniya field (mainly Sandstone and Limestone).
4. The temperature should be approximately between 140 and 325 Fahrenheit, in order for
oil to occur.

Third: Choose True or False for Each One of the Following Statements: (10 points)

1. Petroleum reservoirs are found nearly within the same depth. (F)
2. Petroleum reservoirs are found nearly having the same area (F)
3. Petroleum reservoirs are found nearly within the same Net pay thickness. (F)
4. Petroleum reservoirs with the same areas should have the same thickness. (F)
5. Every hydrocarbon reservoir fluid is unique in nature due to a widely different chemical
composition from gas to very heavy bitumen. (T)
6. The reservoir rocks that contain oil and gas accumulations are broadly sandstones and
carbonates (T)
7. About 10% of the petroleum occurrences are found in fractured shales, igneous and
metamorphic rocks. (T)
8. Clastic and Carbonate rocks are classified by grain size and mineral composition. (F)
9. Non-hydrocarbon components such as Carbon dioxide, Nitrogen, and Hydrogen sulfide
could be associated with hydrocarbons in a reservoir. (T)
10. Sandstone represents about 80% of all reservoirs, and about 60% of oil reservoirs. (T)