SN1 === NUCLEOPHILIC SUBSTITUTION REACTION

NUCLEOPHILE REPLACEMENT REACTION

GROUP WILL REPLACE BY THE OTHER GROUP

SUCH SPEICE WHICH HAVE
ATTRACTION FOR NUCLEUS

IT MUST HAVE NEGATIVE ELECTROPHILE

CHARGE OR EXTRA ELECTRONS (LONE PAIR) WHICH HAVE ATTRACTIONFOR
ELECTRONS IS KNOWN AS
Nu MAY BE A NEGTIVE CHARGE ELECTROPHILE
SUBSTANCE OR A NEUTRAL SUBSTANCE
THIS SUBSTANCE MUST HAVE
POSITIVE CHARGE OR HAVE
OH-, CN- H2O, NH3 , NH2- ,,, X- ,,, DEFICIENCY OF ELECTRONS.

NO2+ , Cl+ ,, CH3+ .. SO3

BASE
2 -O
NUCLEOPHILE AND BASE
ARE SAME SUBSTANCES 6 + C
2 - S 2 Cl
O O
-
ATTACK WILL BE ON HYDROGEN

HYDROGEN=======> BASE

-VE / LONE PAIR SUBSTANCE

ATTACK ON ELEMENT OTHER THAN

HYDROGEN =======> NUCLEOPHILE
 Nu- C L Nu L Nu

REPLACED GROUP ==== LEAVE === LEAVING L-

SO, LEAVING GROUP IS

ALSO A TYPE OF
SUBSTRATE NUCLEOPHILE ...
BUT IT WILL BE WEAKER

ELECTROPHILE

NUCLEOPHILE

LEAVING GROUP

BASE

SUBSTRATE

SN1 SN2

FIRST LEAVING GROUP WILL LEAVE ATTACK OF NUCLEOPHILE AND REMOVAL OF

THEN NUCLEOPHILE WILL ATTACK LEAVING GROUP WILL TAKE PLACE AT SAME
TIME

+ L- Nu- Nu L
L L
CARBOCATION TRANSITION STATE

Nu

Nu- + Nu-
L-

DOUBLE
STEP SINGLE STEP REACTION
Nu Nu
REACTION
SINGLE MOLECULE TAKE PART IN
SLOW STEP....
MOLECULARITY === 1
RATE =K [SUBSTRATE]1
ORDER OF REACTION =1
TWO PRODUCTS WILL BE FORMED
NUCLEOPHILE CAN
ATTACK FROM EITHER SIDE
RETENTION == 50%
INVERSION == 50%
TRI- COMPOUNDS WILL
FOLLOW SN1 REACTION
AS THEIR CARBOCATION IS STABLE
INTERMEDIATE FORMATION
TWO MOLECULE TAKE PART IN
SLOW STEP....
MOLECULARITY === 2
RATE =K [SUBSTRATE]1[Nu-]1
ORDER OF REACTION =1 + 1 =2
SINGLE PRODUCT WILL BE FORMED ,,,,
NUCLEOPHILE WILL ATTACK FROM
OPPOSITE SIDE
INVERSION == 100%
PRI- COMPOUNDS WILL
FOLLOW SN2 REACTION
AS THEIR CARBOCATION IS NOT STABLE. SO
THEY WILL FORM TRANSITION STATE
TRANSITION STATE FORMATION