Programming

Constructs in MATLAB ®

Susovan Jana
Department of Information Technology
Institute of Engineering & Management, Kolkata, INDIA
Email (O): susovan.jana@iemcal.com
Email (P): jana.susovan2@gmail.com
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Input from User
 Numeric Input from Command Window
─ prompt = 'Enter the value of X: ';
─ X = input(prompt);
─ disp(X)
─ disp(['You have entered ', num2str(X)]);

Susovan Jana, Department of Information Technology, IEM, Kolkata, INDIA

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Input from User
 String input from command window
─ prompt = 'Type your name here: ';
─ str = input(prompt,'s');
─ msgbox(['Your name is ',str]);

Susovan Jana, Department of Information Technology, IEM, Kolkata, INDIA

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Conditional Statements
 Conditional statements enable you to select at run
time which block of code to execute.
 The statements are if, elseif or else, switch
 The simplest conditional statement is an if statement.
 Indent is not mandatory here
 Syntax
if <condition>
<statements>
end
Susovan Jana, Department of Information Technology, IEM, Kolkata, INDIA
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Example of if Statement
% Generate a random number
a = randi(100, 1);
fprintf("The value of a is:");
disp(a);
% if remainder is zero then a is even
if rem(a, 2) == 0
disp('a is even');
end
Susovan Jana, Department of Information Technology, IEM, Kolkata, INDIA
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if-else Statement: Syntax
if <expression>
<statements>
else
<statements>
end

Susovan Jana, Department of Information Technology, IEM, Kolkata, INDIA

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if, else Statement: Example
% Generate a random number
a = randi(100, 1);
fprintf("The value of a is:");
disp(a);
% if remainder is zero then a is even else odd
if rem(a, 2) == 0
disp('a is even');
else
disp('a is odd');
end
Susovan Jana, Department of Information Technology, IEM, Kolkata, INDIA
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if, elseif, else Statement: Syntax
if <expression>
statements
elseif <expression>
statements
else
statements
end

Susovan Jana, Department of Information Technology, IEM, Kolkata, INDIA

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if, elseif, else Statement: Example
marks=input('Enter your marks: ');
if marks >= 60
disp('First Division');
elseif marks >= 50
disp('Second Division');
elseif marks >= 40
disp('Third Division');
else
disp('Fail');
end

Susovan Jana, Department of Information Technology, IEM, Kolkata, INDIA

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switch Statement: Syntax
switch <switch_expression>
case <case_expression>
statements
case <case_expression>
statements
...
otherwise
statements
end
Susovan Jana, Department of Information Technology, IEM, Kolkata, INDIA
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switch Statement: Example 1
n = input('Enter a number: ');
switch n
case -1
disp('negative one')
case 0
disp('zero')
case 1
disp('positive one')
otherwise
disp('other value')
end

Susovan Jana, Department of Information Technology, IEM, Kolkata, INDIA

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switch Statement: Example 2
n = input('Enter a character: ','s');
switch n
case {'a', 'A'}
disp('Apple')
case {'b', 'B'}
disp('Ball')
case '1'
disp('One')
case '2'
disp('Two')
case '3'
disp('Three')
otherwise
disp('other value')
end

Susovan Jana, Department of Information Technology, IEM, Kolkata, INDIA

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for Loop
 Syntax
for index = values
statements
end
 values
─ initVal:endVal
─ initVal:step:endVal
─ valArray — Create a column vector, index, from subsequent
columns of array valArray on each iteration. The loop executes a
maximum of n times, where n is the number of columns of
valArray, given by numel(valArray(1,:)). The input valArray can be
of any MATLAB® data type, including a character vector, cell
array, or struct.

Susovan Jana, Department of Information Technology, IEM, Kolkata, INDIA

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for loop: Examples
 Demo 1
for i=1:5
disp(i);
end
 Demo 2
for i=1:2:5
disp(i);
end

Susovan Jana, Department of Information Technology, IEM, Kolkata, INDIA

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for loop: Examples
 Demo 3
for i=[7 4 3 9 11]
disp(i);
end
 Demo 4
for i={‘a’ ‘b’ ‘c’}
disp(i);
end

Susovan Jana, Department of Information Technology, IEM, Kolkata, INDIA

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Nested for loop: Syntax
for index = values
for index = values
statements
end
end

Susovan Jana, Department of Information Technology, IEM, Kolkata, INDIA

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Nested for loop: Example
for i=1:5
for j=1:i
fprintf('*');
end
fprintf('\n');
end

Susovan Jana, Department of Information Technology, IEM, Kolkata, INDIA

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while Loop
 while expression, statements, end evaluates an
expression, and repeats the execution of a group of
statements in a loop while the expression is true.
 An expression is true when its result is nonempty and
contains only nonzero elements (logical or real
numeric). Otherwise, the expression is false.

Susovan Jana, Department of Information Technology, IEM, Kolkata, INDIA

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while Loop: Syntax
while <expression>
statements
end

Susovan Jana, Department of Information Technology, IEM, Kolkata, INDIA

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while Loop: Example
num = input('Enter a number: ');
n=num;
f = n;
while n > 1
n = n-1;
f = f*n;
end
disp([num2str(num), '! = ', num2str(f)])
Susovan Jana, Department of Information Technology, IEM, Kolkata, INDIA
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break Statement
 break terminates the execution of a for or while loop.
Statements in the loop after the break statement do
not execute.
 In nested loops, break exits only from the loop in
which it occurs. Control passes to the statement that
follows the end of that loop.

Susovan Jana, Department of Information Technology, IEM, Kolkata, INDIA

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break Statement: Example
while true
x=randi(100,1);
if x<=60 && x>=40
break
end
disp(x);
end

Susovan Jana, Department of Information Technology, IEM, Kolkata, INDIA

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continue Statement
 continue passes control to the next iteration of a for
or while loop.
 It skips any remaining statements in the body of the
loop for the current iteration.
 The program continues execution from the next
iteration.
 continue applies only to the body of the loop where
it is called.
 In nested loops, continue skips remaining statements
only in the body of the loop in which it occurs.
Susovan Jana, Department of Information Technology, IEM, Kolkata, INDIA
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continue Statement: Example
Remainder after
disp ('Odd Numbers:'); division (modulo
operation) using
for n = 1:10 mod function as %
is used to
if mod(n,2)==0 comment a line

continue
end
disp( num2str(n))
end

Susovan Jana, Department of Information Technology, IEM, Kolkata, INDIA

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Assignments
1. Write a program to print the Fibonacci Series.
2. Write a program to display the sum of a digit.
3. Write a program to reverse a number.

Susovan Jana, Department of Information Technology, IEM, Kolkata, INDIA

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Susovan Jana, Department of Information Technology, IEM, Kolkata, INDIA