Sum of integers

Let S = 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + ... + (n-1) + n

Start with the following:

(k+1)2 = k2 + 2k + 1

(k+1)2 - k2 = 2k + 1

Now write the following list, one for each value of n from k=1 to k=n.

22 – 12 = 2x1 + 1
32 – 22 = 2x2 + 1
42 - 32 = 2x3 + 1
(n-1) 2 - (n-2)2 = 2(n-2) + 1
n2 - (n-1)2 = 2(n-1) + 1
(n+1)2 - (n)2 = 2n + 1

Add both sides of the above list, noticing that all of the terms on the left hand side
cancel out except (n+1)2 and -12.

Therefore,

(n+1)2 - 12 = 2(1+2+3+……… + n) + 1xn

(n+1)2 - 12 = 2S + n

n2 +2n+1-1 = 2S + n

n2 +2n = 2S + n

n2 +n = 2S

S= n(n +1)/2
Sum of integers square

Let S = 12 + 22 + 32 + ... + (n-1)2 + n2

Start with the following:

(k+1)3 = k3 + 3k2 + 3k + 1

(k+1)3 - k3 = 3k2 + 3k + 1

Now write the following list, one for each value of n from k=1 to k=n.

23 – 13 = 3x12 + 3x1 + 1

33 – 23 = 3x22 + 3x2 + 1

43 – 33 = 3x32 + 3x3 + 1

..............

(n-1)3 - (n-2)3 = 3(n-2)2 + 3(n-2) + 1

n3 - (n-1)3 = 3(n-1)2 + 3(n-1) + 1
(n+1)3 - n3 = 3n2 + 3n + 1

Add both sides of the above list, noticing that all of the terms on the left hand side
cancel out except (n+1)3 and -13.

Therefore,

(n+1)3 – 13 = 3[(12 + 22 + 32 + ... + (n-1)2 + n2)] + 3(1 + 2 + 3 + .. + n) + n

(n+1)3 – 13 = 3S + 3n(n+1)/2 + n

n3 + 3n2 + 3n + 1-1 - n= 3S + 3n(n+1)/2

n3 + 3n2 + 2n - 3n(n+1)/2= 3S

3S = n(n2 + 3n + 2) - 3n(n+1)/2

3S = n[(n2 + 2n + n + 2) - 3(n+1)/2]

3S = n[n(n+2) + 1(n+1) - 3(n+1)/2]

3S = n[(n+2)(n+1) - 3(n+1)/2]

3S = n(n+1)(n+2 -3/2)

3S = n(n+1)(2n+4-3)/2
3S = n(n+1)(2n+1)/2

S = n(n+1)(2n + 1)/6

Sum of integers cube

Let S = 13 + 23 + 33 + ... + (n-1)3 + n3

Start with the following:

(n+1)4 = n4 + 4n3 + 6n2 +4n + 1

(n+1)4 - n4 = 4n3 + 6n2 +4n + 1

Now write the following list, one for each value of n from k=1 to k=n.

24 - 14 = 4x13 + 6x12 +4x1 + 1

34 - 24 = 4x23 + 6x22 +4x2 + 1

(n+1)4 - n4 = 4n3 + 6n2 +4n + 1

Add both sides of the above list, noticing that all of the terms on the left hand side
cancel out except (n+1)4 and -14.

(n+1)4 -14 = 4(13 +23 + 33 + ..) + 6(12 + 22 + 32 + ..) + 4(1 + 2 + 3 + ..) + n

(n+1)4 -1 = 4S + 6n(n+1)(2n+1)/6+ 4n(n+1)/2 + n

4S = (n+1)4 -1 - n(n+1)(2n+1) - 2n(n+1) – n

4S = (n + 1)4 - n(n+1)(2n+1) - 2n(n+1) –(n+1)

4S = (n+1)[(n + 1)3 - n(2n+1) - 2n –1]

4S = (n+1)[(n + 1)3 - n(2n+1) – (2n +1)]

4S = (n+1)[(n + 1)3 - (2n+1)(n +1)]

4S = (n+1)(n+1)[(n + 1)2 - (2n+1)]

4S = (n+1)2[(n2 +2n + 1 - 2n-1)]

S = n2(n+1)2]/4

S = [n(n+1)]/2]2