SM210 Sun Desktop System Maintenance Oh 0499

Sun Educational Services
Sun Desktop System

Maintenance
SM-210
Sun Desktop System Maintenance May 1999

Preface
About This Course

Course Overview
• Develop an understanding of the construction, purpose,
and function of Sun™ SPARC™ desktop systems
• Identify, remove, and replace all system components
• Use the Field Engineering Handbook to locate and confirm
field replaceable units (FRU) part numbers correctly
• Install and configure any SPARC™ desktop system to a
fully operational condition
• Troubleshoot and repair any system failure using
experience, knowledge, and diagnostic tools, to the FRU
firmware content level
Sun Desktop System Maintenance Preface, slide 2 of 16

Copyright 1999 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Enterprise Services, May 1999
Course Map
Introduction
Desktop Products Product Line
Overview Introduction
System Firmware
OpenBoot PROM Booting and Testing
Desktop Peripherals
Peripheral Devices
Install. and Config.
System Analysis and Troubleshooting

Disk Analysis Boot Sequence SunVTS System
and Repair Troubleshooting Diagnostics

Module-by-Module Overview
• Module 1 – Desktop Products Overview
• Module 2 – Product Line Introduction
• Module 3 – OpenBoot PROM
• Module 4 – Booting and Testing
• Module 5 – Peripheral Devices Installation and
Configuration
• Module 6 – Disk Analysis and Repair
• Module 7 – Boot Sequence Troubleshooting
• Module 8 – SunVTS System Diagnostics

Course Objectives
Upon completion of this course you should be able to
• Install various desktop systems
• Verify all voltages are within specified tolerances
• Describe the power-on sequence with a block diagram
• Describe the system boot sequence with a flowchart
• State the purpose of selected FORTH toolkit commands
• Select the correct diagnostic tool for a specific problem

Course Objectives
• Activate and run available diagnostic tools
• Interpret the results of any diagnostic tool output
• Identify, isolate, and describe correct repair for a given
system failure, to the CRU level
• Describe the functional characteristics of OpenBoot™
programmable read-only memory (PROM)
• Install peripheral and input/output (I/O) interface
cards
• Perform a fsck repair, and run disk inquiry commands
• Analyze and format a hard disk drive

Equipment Covered
• SPARCstation™
• Models 4, 5, and, 20
• UltraSPARC™
• Models 1, 2, 5, 10, 30, 60
• Internal peripherals
• Desktop peripheral devices
• Multidisk storage subsystems

Skills Gained
Module
Skills Gained 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
System identification
Component identification
System construction
Firmware configuration
Firmware modification
Boot sequence
Desktop peripheral construction
Peripheral operation and configuration
Desktop disk storage devices
Analyzing small computer system interface
(SCSI) disk errors
Repairing some types of disk errors
System validation with SunVTS™

Guidelines for Pacing

Module Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 5
About This Course A.M.

Desktop Products Overview A.M.
Product Line introduction P.M.
OpenBoot PROM A.M.
Booting and Testing P.M.
Peripheral Devices Installation A.M.
and Configuration
Disk Analysis and Repair P.M.
Boot Sequence Troubleshooting A.M.
SunVTS System Diagnostics P.M.

Topics Not Covered

• Mass storage devices
• SPARCserver™
• Netra™ i or j

How Prepared Are You?

You should have
• Completed the Solaris 2.x Essentials for System

Maintenance course
• Experience using basic electronic testing devices
• Experience in troubleshooting digital computer type

devices and systems

Introductions
Please state the following:
• Name
• Company affiliation
• Title, function, or job responsibility
• How long you have been working in this field
• What you expect to be able to do after you complete this
course

How to Use the Course Materials

• Course map
• Relevance
• Overhead image
• Lecture
• Exercise
• Check your progress
• Think beyond

Lecture and Lab Modules

• You will need to take notes
• The lecture introduces you to the material
• The lab procedures are self-paced
• The information is for a specific piece of equipment
• Questions in the labs are provided to verify your

understanding of the material

Student Responsibilities
As a student you need to
• Answer questions in the lab procedures
• Leave the equipment the way you found it
• Help others when they are having trouble
• Offer suggestions
• Use available reference materials in lab
• Ask for help any time you are not sure

Instructor Responsibilities
The course instructor will
• Provide you with the most current information

available
• Not be responsible for knowing the answer to every

question that might be ask
• Research the answer to any question that are deemed

appropriate to this course
• Always be available to assist you in the lab

Module 1
Desktop Products Overview

Course Map
Introduction
System Firmware
Desktop Peripherals
Peripheral Devices

Sun Desktop System Maintenance Module 1, slide 2 of 29

Relevance
This module introduces some old and some new products
and technologies.
Why does understanding these technologies make servicing
desktop systems easier?

Objectives
Upon completion of this module, you should be able to
• Identify system elements that make up the SPARC

desktop product line

SPARC Architecture
The SPARC microprocessor found in all Sun Microsystems
desktop products is based on two key technologies:
• RISC — Reduced instruction set computing
• SPARC — Scalable processor architecture

The desktop systems up to Ultra implement an architecture
with fixed 32-bit registers and instructions.
The classes of SPARC architecture are: Sun-4c, Sun-4m, and
Sun-4u.

The SuperSPARC Processor

• It is the first microprocessor to include moving picture
experts group (MPEG) coding and decoding internally.
• It also includes the video instruction set (VIS)
SPARC and SuperSPARC Architecture Type

System Chipset Name Architecture
4/60, 4/65, 4/75 SPARC-4 Sun-4c
SPARCstation 4, 5, microSPARC-II Sun-4m
and Voyager
SPARCstation 10 SuperSPARC Sun-4m
SPARCstation 20 SuperSPARC+ Sun-4m

The UltraSPARC Microprocessor

Is the most powerful member of the SPARC family of
microprocessors, with 64-bit, superscalar architecture
System Chipset Name Architecture

Ultra 1, 2 UltraSPARC-I Sun-4u
Ultra 5, 10, 30, 60 UltraSPARC-II Sun-4u
Ultra x UltraSPARC-III Sun-4u
• UltraSPARC-I operates at 147, 167, and 200 MHz

• UltraSPARC-II operates at 250, 300, 336, and 360 MHz
• UltraSPARC-III operates at 600 MHz and up

The UltraSPARC Microprocessor

The UltraSPARC microprocessor
• Has a 64-bit address and a 64-bit data
• Operates at clock speeds from 167 MHz to 600 MHz

• Has MPEG-2 coding and VIS for better video
• Performs two 32-bit instructions per clock cycle
• Includes a memory management unit (MMU) and a
memory bus interface

Main Logic Board With Processor

Found in the lower cost desktop systems, such as
SPARCstation 4 and 5, Ultra 1, and Ultra 5 contain
• OpenBoot PROM and the non-volatile random access

memory (NVRAM)
• Bus connectors for frame buffers, memory, and

optional I/O cards
• Networking, keyboard and SCSI input/output (I/O)
• Configuration jumpers, fuses, and positive

temperature coefficient (PTC) devices which replace
small fuses

Main Logic Board With CPU Modules

The main logic boards have
• Processor components located on pluggable MBus
modules
• One or two MBus slots
• More memory slots
Other system components are the same, in most systems, as
the main logic boards with processors

Diskett SIMM 0
SIMM 2
SCSI
SIMM 5
Power SIMM 3
SIMM 6
SIMM 1
SIMM 7, VSIMM1
SIMM 4, VSIMM 0, NVSIMM 0
MBus connector MBus slot 1 SBus slot 1 SBus slot 3

MBus connector MBus slot 0 SBus slot 0 SBus slot 2
MXCC Aux. video
MXCC
SPARC J1401
processor NVRAM
SPARC 3 1
Clock processor
1 2 1 3 Boot
Clock J0805 J0801
3 4 J0802
SPARC modules Main logic board


The MBus modules have
• One or two SPARC processors
• Clock speed which is determined by the modules oscillator
• Voltage regulation which is in the module for stability
• A location which may cover some SBus slots
• Speed with the SuperSPARC microprocessors, ranging

from 33 MHz to 60 MHz
• Speed with the UltraSPARC microprocessors, ranging

from 167 MHz to 600 MHz
Ultra System Main Logic Board

Some characteristics of Ultra systems main logic boards are
• SBus slots are found only on the Ultra 1, and Ultra 2
• UPA bus slots for graphics arrays are only on Creator
series systems
• PCI bus slots replace SBus slots on Ultra 5, 10, 30, and 60
• Bus speed is 33 MHz for normal interface cards and a
66-MHz slot is provided for special high-speed cards
• The special U2P chip which interfaces the UPA bus to
the PCI bus

Ultra System Main Logic Boards

Some characteristics of Ultra systems main logic boards are
• Flash programmable OpenBoot™ PROM provides fast
and easy upgrading for OBP contents
• Memory capacities range from 32 MBytes to 2 GBytes
• Memory dynamic single inline memory modules
(DSIMM) use ranges from 16 MBytes to 128 MBytes
• Ultra 1, 5, and 30 use four banks of two DSIMMs
• Ultra 2, 10, and 60 use four banks of four DSIMMs

SIMM Types
Single inline
memory module
(SIMM)
or dynamic
single inline
memory module
(DSIMM)
Video single
inline memory
module (VSIMM)
Jumper
Non-volitile
single inline
memory module
(NVSIMM)

Memory Configuration
SIMM connectors vary in construction, some connectors
require a tool to remove a module and some have an
extraction lever built in.
Memory is configured in groups of two or four modules
called banks.
Using banks of memory modules provide for a wider memory
bus such as
• Two 64-bit memory modules interlaced in a system
with a 128-bit memory bus
• Four 128-bit wide memory modules interlaced in a
system with a 512bit memory bus

Memory bank rules for all systems are
• The first bank (bank 0) must contain functional

DSIMMs.
• All slots in a bank must always contain the same type

and speed DSIMM.
• Memory can occupy other banks in a random order
after the first bank is filled.
• When adding memory, always use the higher density
DSIMMs in the first bank, when SIMMs of different
density are combined.

Ultra 1 System
DSIMM Physical Memory Address Range
Physical Physical
DSIMM Slot
Memory Memory
Location
Address Start Address End
Bank 0 0000 0000 0fff ffff

Ultra 60 System
DSIMM Physical Memory Address Range
Physical Physical
DSIMM Slot
Memory Memory
Location
Bank 3 a000 0000 bfff ffff

DSIMM Bank Slot Numbers

Physical Memory Locations for Ultra 1, and 60 Systems
Ultra 1 Physical Ultra 60 Physical
System Location System Location
Bank 0 J0701, J0601 Bank 0 U0701, U0801,
U0901, U1001
Bank 1 J0702, J0602 Bank 1 U0702, U0802,
U0902, U1002
Bank 2 J0703, J0603 Bank 2 U0703, U0803,
U0903, U1003
Bank 3 J0704, J0604 Bank 3 U0704, U0804,
U0904, U1004

Memory Error Reports

• *** U0315 is Bad***
• <<BAD DSIMM IN SLOT 0>>
• Parity Error
PADDR=01000000,Expected = a5c33c5a
Observed = a5c3ff5a
• ERROR: Address=00fc0008, exp[62:32]
obs[63:32]
U-Number: U0301

Error Detection
Early systems used parity checking to detect errors. Current
system use error checking and correcting (ECC) circuitry.
• MicroSPARC systems use parity.
• Super and UltraSPARC systems use ECC.
• POST detected errors are reported to serial port A.
• Bank 0 errors keep the system from completing POST.
(Check keyboard LEDs for indications of failure.)
• A memory banks with errors will be mapped out of
available system resources.

SPARCsystem SBus Architecture

Disk Disk
SBus
slots ESP SCSI
Processor DMA CD-ROM
TPE
Ethernet
I/O LE transceiver
AUI
Data Sys logic
Switch I/O Parallel Parallel
UPA transceiver port
Video
logic DB13W3
RAM Audio Analog Audio

logic I/O jacks
Diskette
Serial
port A
Slave
Serial
port B
SBus I/O
Boot Keyboard
logic PROM mouse
NVRAM Rear panel

connectors


Some SBus hardware features are
• High performance, synchronous access to devices
• 80- to 100-Mbytes-per-second burst bandwidths
• Master, slave, and interrupt capability
• 32-bit data and address lines
• Jumperless addressing and standardized device
identifiers
• 1-, 2-, 4-, 8-, 32-, and 64-byte transfers


The following SBus options are not supported in the Ultra 1
system:
• 24-bit graphics frame buffer (ZX)
• Graphics sub-system (GT)
• Fibre data distribution interface (FDDI) single-attach
SBus interface card
• Double-wide SBus cards

Ultra 1 Series System Block Diagram

Address bus
UltraSPARC
SC_UP
E$
SBus slots
SDB SYSIO SBus
FEPS SLAVIO APC
UPA SCSI – E-net Serial Audio

parallel
BMX 2-D or 3-D FFB
DBZ
Video
FBC RAMDAC
FBRAM out
UPA bus
connector
DRAM

Ultra 1 Series System Block Diagram

• The SPARC (V9) is a 64-bit microprocessor.
• The 144-bit bus has full ECC-protection (128 bits + ECC

bits).
• UPA bus gives peak transfers at 1.3 Gbytes per second
between CPU and memory.
• UPA connector can only interface to the new, fast,
single- and double-buffered video frame buffers.

Ultra Systems PCI Bus Introduction

PCI offers many of the same characteristics as SBus, and is an
open standard supported by Sun. The PCI bus provides for
• A high speed interconnect that runs at 33 and 66 MHz
• On Sun systems, the processor and main memory,
and graphics device are connected by the UPA bus.
• The UPA bus connects to the PCI bus through a PCI
host bridge
• Three distinct address domains for physical devices
• A PCI which supports both 32-bit and 64-bit memory
addresses

Ultra 10 System PCI Bus

Block Diagram
SCSI
bridge ASIC UltraSCSI
CPU
RAM
100 Mbit Ethernet
PCI bridge Serial ports
I/O Parallel port
UPA interconnect Audio
cross bar switch
PCI 33 MHz
PCI 33 MHz
PCI PCI 33 MHz

host PCI 33/66 MHz
bridge
Graphics
subsystem UPA graphics slots

Module 2
Product Line Introduction

Course Map
Introduction
System Firmware
Desktop Peripherals
Peripheral Devices


Copyright 1999 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Enterprise Services May 1999
Relevance
This module provides you with a fundamental level of
information about each of the current desktops in the Sun
Microsystem’s product line.
Why is having this fundamental understanding important to
your ability to install, troubleshoot, and repair Sun desktops
systems?

Objectives
• Configure SPARC modules in the multiprocessor
systems
• Remove and replace system memory components
• Identify memory failures to the FRU level
• Sequence AC power to the system and peripherals
• Identify all internal parts by type and part number
• Remove and replace all FRUs
• Cable all internal devices

Desktop Products Introduction

The two current desktop system enclosure styles are
• Pizzabox — A horizontal package 2–5 inches tall
• Tower — A vertical chassis similar to most personal
computer styles

Single Processor Desktop Systems

• SPARCstation 5 system
• Ultra™-1 system
• Ultra-5 system
• Ultra-10 system
• Ultra-30 system


• SPARC™ 64-bit microprocessor
• Large amounts of random access memory (RAM)
• Ultra Port Architecture (UPA)
• 10-MBytes-per-second to 100-MBytes-per-second
twisted pair Ethernet
• Fast or Fast-Wide small computer system interface
(SCSI)
• Multiple option slots
• Flash upgradable programmable read-only memory
(PROM)

SPARCstation 5 System
The SPARCstation 5 system has
• A MicroSPARC™ processor; 70, 85, 110, or 170 MHz
• A special bus just for the S24 color frame buffer
• An on-board digital audio from a compact disk read
only memory (CD-ROM) drive
• Eight DSIMM slots for up to 256 MBytes of RAM
• Two internal, single-connector ports for fast SCSI-II
• Geographical SCSI disk addressing

The SPARCstation 4 system has the same features as the
SPARCstation 5 system except for the following:
• Only one internal single connector disk
• No external audio ports
• No special frame buffer slot
• Only one SBus slot
• CG-6 color frame buffer
• Only five DSIMM slots for 160 MBytes of memory

Ultra 1 System
The Ultra 1 system has
• A taller chassis than SPARCstation 5 system
• A fan and speaker in front
• Three SBus slots
• An UltraSPARC™ microprocessor operating at 140,
170, and 200 MHz

Ultra 1 Creator
The Ultra 1 creator series has
• An Ultra-Wide SCSI-3
• Memory available from 32 MBytes to 1 GByte
• An ultraport architecture (UPA) bus for single- or
double-buffered fast frame buffers

Ultra 5 System
• A slightly taller (105 mm) chassis than the Ultra 1
• The UltraSPARC II™ microprocessor operating at
270MHz
• Three peripheral component interconnect (PCI) slots on
• No SCSI host adaptor
• A memory range from 32 MBytes to 512 MBytes
• One enhanced integrated drive electronics (E-IDE)
3.5-inch 4.3-GByte disk drive

Ultra 10 System
• New minitower chassis
• UltraSPARC IIi microprocessor operating at 300MHz
• Four long PCI slots
• Memory range from 64 MBytes to 1 GByte
• One or two E-IDE disk drives with 4.3 GBytes each

Ultra 30 System
• A different minitower chassis than the Ultra 10 system
• UltraSPARC II operating at 250MHz with 300MHz
optional
• Two UPA slots for video graphics adapters
• Four long PCI slots, one operating at 66MHz
• Memory range from 64 MBytes to 2 GBytes
• One 4.3-GByte Ultra-wide 3.5-inch disk (optional
2x9 GBytes)


System boards include two sockets on a new module bus
(MBus) designed specifically for microprocessors modules.
• Pluggable MBus central processing unit (CPU)

modules means the customer can add or upgrade to
faster modules when they become available
• The open MBus standard enables companies other

than Sun to build SPARC compatible microprocessor
modules which will function in Sun SPARCstations


The multi-processor desktop products are
• Ultra 2 system
• Ultra 60 system

SPARCstation 10
The first multiprocessor desktop system from Sun
Microsystems™ included
• A CPU module with a cache memory, an oscillator, and
a voltage regulator
• CPU modules that operated at 33MHz and 40MHz
• System memory which was expandable to 512 MBytes
• Four internal peripherals devices
• Standard interfaces for external peripherals
• An additional standard I/O feature, an ISDN port

The SPARCstation 20 system includes
• A new system chassis which added space for an internal
CD-ROM
• MBus CPU modules operating at 50 MHz and 60 MHz
• Modules with two SuperSPARC™ processors which
were available for four-way multiprocessing desktops
• Internal disk capacities which increased to 1.05 GBytes
each

Ultra 60 System
• A minitower design similar to PC chassis.
• UltraSPARC processors that operate at 300 or 360MHz
• Has the highest memory bandwidth of any desktop
• Dual Ultra SCSI-III Fast-20 buses
• Two UPA slots for graphics arrays
• A 512-bit memory bus requiring four DSIMMs per bank
• Memory capacity of 128 MBytes to 2 GBytes

System Option Boards

The SBus options cards include
• Frame buffers such as CG6, GX, and GT
• Additional peripherals such as SHA, SPC, and

Prestoserve
• Communications interfaces include FDDI, HSI, Quad

Ethernet, Token-Ring, and ATM
• PCI bus options include
• Frame buffers, video, Ethernet, SCSI-II, and SCSI-III

I/O Connectors
SBus and PCI bus slots are I/O slots to the system. These
systems have the following I/O available:
• SPARCstation 4, 5, and Ultra 1 systems – Three Sbus
slots
• Ultra 1 Creator – Two SBus slots
• SPARCstation 10, 20, and Ultra 2 systems – Four SBus
slots
• Ultra 5 system – Three PCI slots operating at 33MHz
• Ultra 10, 30, and 60 systems – Three slots operating at
33MHz and one slot operating at 66MHz

External System Connections

• SCSI (except some Ultra systems)
• Ethernet
• Serial ports A and B
• Audio (except SS4)
• Parallel port
• Some system even have
• ISDN
• AUI for thick-net
• M-II for audio and thick-net

Minitower Enclosures Rear Panel View

11a 7
7. AC power receptacle
9 9. Serial ports A and B
System board
11a. Parallel port
PCI slot to
12. 10/100BASE-T Ethernet
Rear panel
location 12 13. SCSI-II (68pin)
J1301 11b (M-II)
J1401 13
J1501
J1601

Pizzabox Enclosure Layout

Hard disk DSIMMs SBus card I/O
drive bay
System board
Power supply
Chassis
Speaker
Multi-Speed CD-ROM
Activity LED
3.5-inch diskette

Ultra Minitower Enclosure Layout

Part Number Identification

A Sun part number for a printed circuit board, for example,
might be
• 501-1316
* 5011316011270 *
Part type Part number Serial number

Sun Part Number

A Sun part number for a FRU, for example, might be
• 370-1312
5180-9110361436
* 370-1312-05 * Serial number
Part type Part number Revision level

Sun Part Number

Sun part number for fabricated parts (FAB) are printed on the
circuit board; for example,
• 270-2324
FAB 270-2324-02

System Serial Number Location
PN : 600- 3324-0 3
S N : 439F 3395
S v c d: S 20

Module 3
OpenBoot PROM

Course Map
Introduction
System Firmware
Desktop Peripherals
Peripheral Devices


Relevance
OpenBoot PROM is the Sun name for the initial boot
device. It begins the operation of locating, transferring,
and running the bootstrap program from a disk device or
network source.
The OpenBoot firmware contains programming to do
many other functions. Can you name or describe some of
the other functions?

Objectives
• Describe the function of the OpenBoot PROM
• Describe the differences in boot PROM versions
• Describe the contents of the NVRAM
• Navigate the OpenBoot PROM device tree
• Define how the system boots by default parameters
• Describe the use of device aliases
• Determine device path names

The Boot PROM Concept

• Uses customized parameters in loading, identifying, and
configuring a system
• Gathers information on system components
• Loads bootstrap programming
• Provides an interactive interface for administration
• Performs tasks similar to those of a service processor

NVRAM Contents
NVRAM
EEPROM
Time of Day
Configuration
information Ethernet
address
Boot PROM
System ID
Forth language commands
Battery
language interpreter
Binary
Forth
IU
machine instructions SPARC CPU chip

Boot PROM Contents
Boot PROM
A Forth interpreter is in the boot PROM
POST
Device
Forth language programs
drivers
User
language interpreter
commands
Binary Integer unit (IU)
User machine instructions
Forth Toolkit
(SPARC CPU chip)

diags
Boot
commands
Default
parameters

POST Output Listing
EPROM Checksum test
Power-Up State Test
Context Register Bit Test
Segment Map RAM Pattern Tests
Page Map RAM Pattern Test
Limit 0 Register Test
Counter Interrupt Level 10 Test
Synchronous Error Reg Test
.
.
.
Probing /sbus@1, f8000000 at 0,0 dma esp sd st le
Probing /sbus@1, f8000000 at 0,1 nothing there
Probing /sbus@1, f8000000 at 0,2 nothing there
Probing /sbus@1, f8000000 at 0,3 cgsix
SPARCstation IPX, Type–4 Keyboard

ROM Rev. 2.3, 32 MB memory installed, Serial #2116541.
Ethernet address 8:0:20:6:d5:c1, Host ID: 57204bbd.
Testing 32 megs of memory.SBus slot 0 le esp dma

POST Diagnostics Summary

POST performs the following tests at power-up:
• NVRAM checksum test
• Main memory test
• System register tests
• Cache tests
• Additional tests

Viewing POST
POST runs when power is applied or after an OBP reset command.
This is a diagram of a null modem cable which is used to connect a
system to an ASCII terminal for the purpose of viewing the output
from POST.
Transmit data SPARCstation

2
ASCII Receive data Null modem cable
terminal 3
Ground Transmit data
7 2
Receive data
3
Ground
7

OBP Firmware
Power-on switch
False
Yes No No (default)
Keyboard Stop Stop-d diag-
attached key keys switch?
?
True
No Yes Yes
skip POST Set diag-switch?
to true
Maximum diag-
level
Test runs Test runs Minimum
~60 seconds ~30 seconds
High-level diagnostic: Low-level diagnostic:
POST phase POST phase
Display errors on No POST

keyboard LEDs passed
and console
Yes
OpenBoot PROM firmware takes control

POST Keyboard LED Display

Caps Lock Compose Scroll Lock Num Lock
Type 4 keyboard
Com- Scroll Num

Type 5 keyboard Caps Lock
pose Lock Lock
Post Keyboard LED Definitions

Caps lock Compose Scroll Lock Num Lock Bit Value Meaning of LEDs Pattern
Blink Off Off Off x000 POST running
Off Off Off Off 0000 POST successful completion
On Off Off Off 1000 System board failed
Of On Off Off 0100 CPU 0 failed
Off On On Off 0110 CPU 1 failed
On Off Off On 1001 No memory found
On On Off Off 1100 Bank 0 failed
On On Of On 1101 Bank 1failed
Off Of Of On 0001 NVRAM failed

SPARC Boot PROM Versions

• 1.x — The original SPARC boot PROM
• 2.x — The first OpenBoot PROM
• 3.x — Support for 32- and 64-bit processors and flash
programming
OBP versions are decimal numbers.
Does OBP 3.1.1 come before or after OBP 3.2?
Does OBP 3.11 come before or after OBP 3.2?

OpenBoot PROM Concepts

• UNIX communicates with peripherals as follows:
CPU SBus
Boot
PROM SBus connector SBus connector
PROM
Device driver
Custom driver
vmunix
CPU memory
Third-party
Standard Sun SBus card
Sun does not have a
driver for a
driver for this
Sun interface
interface

Navigating the OpenBoot PROM

Commands and keystrokes used to view OBP contents are
• show-devs
• cd / and dev
• cd device-path
• pwd
• Stop+a
• cd ..
• ls

Determining Device Path Names

ok show-devs
/SUNW,UltraSPARC@0,0
/sbus@1f,0
/counter-timer@1f,3c00
/virtual-memory
/memory@0,0
/aliases
/options
/openprom


/chosen
/packages
/sbus@1f,0/cgsix@2,0
/sbus@1f,0/esp@0,200000
/sbus@1f,0/dma@0,100000
/sbus@1f,0/SUNW,bpp@e,c800000
/sbus@1f,0/ledma@e,8400010
/sbus@1f,0/espdma@e,8400000


Monitor level ( ok prompt)
/ (Device node level)

UPA bus
sbus@1f,0
zs@f,10000000 ledma@0,400000 espdma@e,8400000

(Keyboard)
zs@f,11000000 audio@f,1900000 flashprom@f,0

(ttya and ttyb ports)
le@0,c00000 sd@3,0 st@4,0

(Ethernet)
Some devices left out for clarity
BMX SUNW,ffb@1e,
memory@0,0
0:ffb0


ok
ok
ok probe-scsi-all
/sbus@1f,0/espdma@e,8400000/esp@e,8800000
Target 0
Unit 0 Disk SEAGATE ST322430W SUN2.1G0444
Target 1
Unit 0 Disk SEAGATE ST322430W SUN2.1G0444
Target 6
Unit 0 Removable Read Only device TOSHIBA XM-5301TASUN4XCD1895
ok
SCSI devices found on the first SCSI host adapter

Two disk drives and one CD-ROM drive

Flash PROM Upgrade
Overview
Original phase Phase 1
POST Upper half OBP

of PROM
Revision A Revision A
OBP OBP
Lower half
Revision A of PROM Revision A
Phase 2 Phase 3
OBP Upper half POST

of PROM
Revision A Revision B
OBP OBP
Lower half
Revision B Revision B
of PROM

Module 4
Booting and Testing

Course Map
Introduction
System Firmware
Desktop Peripherals
Peripheral Devices


Relevance
Knowing what the contents of the OBP and NVRAM are and
what they mean enables you to do what, if the system isn’t
working exactly the way the user wants it to?

Objectives
• Display the contents of NVRAM
• Modify the contents of the NVRAM
• Use specified OBP commands
• Boot the system using device aliases
• Test specific system elements using OBP Forth
commands
• Identify a failed component by the POST error codes

Boot PROM User Interface
Old-Mode Prompt
You can enter three commands at
the old-mode prompt [>]:
> c Continue from a UNIX abort
> n Go to new-mode prompt/interface
> b Boot the system
New-Mode Prompt
You can enter the following
commands at the new-mode
prompt [ok]:
ok boot
ok old-mode
ok go
ok sync
ok reset
ok banner
ok eject

3.x NVRAM Parameters
Variable Name auto-boot?
tpe-link-test? watchdog-reboot?
scsi-initiator-id diag-file
keyboard-click? diag-device
key map boot-file
ttyb-rts-dtr-off boot-device
ttyb-ignore-cd local-mac-address?
ttya-rts-dtr-off ansi-terminal?
ttya-ignore-cd screen-#columns
ttyb-mode screen-#rows
ttya-mode silent-mode?
pcia-probe-list use-nvramrc?
pcib-probe-list nvramrc
mfg-mode security-mode
diag-level security-passwd
#power-cycles security-#badlogins
system-board-serial# oem-logo
system-board-date oem-logo?
fcode-debug? oem-banner
output-device oem-banner?
input-device hardware-revision
load-base last-hardware-update
boot-command diag-switch?
Modifying NVRAM Contents

• setenv — Change the NVRAM parameters
• reset — Make the NVRAM change
• set-default variable_name — Set just one
parameter
• set-defaults — Set all parameters to the default

Configuring Input/Output Control

To view POST output on a Wyse terminal, connect the
terminal to serial port A with a null modem cable.
Set environment variables as follows:
Ok setenv input-device ttya
Ok setenv output-device ttya
To view normal desktop output from the system frame buffer,

set the environment variables as follows:
Ok setenv input-device keyboard
Ok setenv output-device screen

Configuring Input/Output Control

Set port parameters for a console (ttya) terminal as follows:
ok setenv ttya-mode 9600,8,n,1,-
Baud rate
Number of characters
Parity
Stop bits
Handshaking values

Forth Line Editor Features

ok help line
^b Backward one character
ESC b Backward one word
^f Forward one character
ESC f Forward one word
ok sifting prob
(foo69aac) probe-all (foo61194) probe-all
(foo610e8)probe-slot (foo60d5c) probe-scsi-all
(foo610c80) probe-scsi (foo3f200) probe

Special OBP Keyboard Commands

Additional key sequences used at power-up are
• Stop (L1)
• Stop-f (L1-f)
• Stop-n (L1-n)
• Stop-d (L1-d)
• Stop-n-d (L1-n-d)
Another OBP command which displays the current OBP file
attributes is
.properties or .attributes depending on revision

Default Booting
Reset
diag-switch?
False True
Execute minimal Execute extended

POST* Fail POST**
Output to ttya
Pass Pass
Keyboard
Initialize system error Initialize system
Fail Fail
indication
Pass Pass
Test all memory

Fail
Pass
auto-boot? auto-boot?
True True
False False
boot-device diag-device
Monitor level Monitor level

ok (prompt) ok (prompt)
Bootstrap Bootstrap
UNIX Diagnostics

Using Boot Flags

The boot flag options are:
• boot -a
• boot -r
• boot -sw
• boot -v

Boot Command Syntax

ok boot /sbus/espdma@e,840000/esp@e,8800000/sd@0,0 vmunix -options
Such as
Beginning path -aswv
to boot device
Bootable
Which interface kernel file
Memory address space
set aside for this device Logical unit
Target number
Device type address
ok boot /pci@1f,0/pci@1,1/ide@3/disk@0,0 vmunix -options

Device Tree Structure

Monitor level (ok prompt)
(Device node level) /

UPA bus
sbus@1f,0
zs@f,10000000 ledma@0,400000 espdma@e,8400000

(Keyboard)
zs@f,11000000 audio@f,1900000 flashprom@f,0

(ttya and ttyb ports)
le@0,c00000 sd@3,0 st@4,0

(Ethernet)
Some devices left out for clarity
BMX SUNW,ffb@1e,
memory@0,0
0:ffb0

Booting With Device Aliases

<#0> ok devalias
floppy /sbus/SUNW,fdtwo
net-aui /sbus/ledma@f,8400010:aui/le@e,8c00000
net-tpe /sbus/ledma@f,8400010:tpe/le@e,8c00000
net /sbus/ledma@f,8400010/le@f,8c00000
disk /sbus/espdma@e,840000/esp@e,8800000/sd@0,0
cdrom /sbus/espdma@e,840000/esp@e,8800000/sd@6,0:d
tape /sbus/espdma@e,840000/esp@e,8800000/st@4,0


tape0 /sbus/espdma@e,840000/esp@e,8800000/st@4,0
disk3 /sbus/espdma@e,840000/esp@e,8800000/sd@3,0
scsi /sbus/espdma@e,840000/esp@e,8800

OBP Device Aliases

• boot cdrom
• boot disk0
• test disk1
• test floppy
To test a device without an alias name, type the full hardware path
name to the device; for example:
ok test /sbus/espdma@e,8400000/esp@e,8800000/sd@3,0

OBP Device Aliases

ok devalias
floppy /sbus/SUNW,fdtwo
net-aui /sbus/ledma@e,8400010:aui/le@e,8c00000
net-tpe /sbus/ledma@e,8400010:tpe/le@e,8c00000
net /sbus/ledma@e,8400010/le@e,8c00000
disk /sbus/espdma@e,8400000/esp@e,8800000/sd@0,0
cdrom /sbus/espdma@e,8400000/esp@e,8800000/sd@6,0:f
tape /sbus/espdma@e,8400000/esp@e,8800000/st@4,0

OBP Device Aliases

scsi /sbus/espdma@e,8400000/esp@e,8800000
keyboard/sbus/zs@f,1000000
yourdisk/sbus/espdma@e,8400000/esp@e,8800000/sd@3,0


• Use the nvalias command to create a new alias.
ok nvalias yourdisk /sbus/espdma@e,840000/esp@e,8800000/sd@3,0
• Use boot yourdisk to load from the defined disk.
• Use set-defaults to set devaliases to factory

defaults.

Transferring to Software Control

ok boot -v
Sun Ultra 5/10 UPA/PCI (UltraSPARC-IIi 300MHz), Keyboard Pres
OpenBoot 3.11, 256 MB memory installed, Serial #9361102.
Ethernet address 8:0:20:8e:d6:ce, Host ID: 808ed6ce.
Boot device: /pci@1f,0/pci@1,1/ide@3/disk@0,0 File and args:-rv
Size: 272817+60132+70328 Bytes
SunOS Release 5.6 Version Generic_ [UNIX(R) System V Release 4.0]
Copyright (c) 1983-1997, Sun Microsystems, Inc.
mem = 262144K (0x10000000)
avail mem = 256655360


Ethernet address = 8:0:20:8e:d6:ce
root nexus = Sun Ultra 5/10 UPA/PCI (UltraSPARC-IIi 300MHz)
pci0 at root: UPA 0x1f 0x0
PCI-device: pci@1,1, simba #0
PCI-device: pci@1, simba #1
dad0 at pci1095,6460 target 0 lun 0
dad0 is /pci@1f,0/pci@1,1/ide@3/dad@0,0
<Seagate Medalist 34342A cyl 8892 alt 2 hd 15 sec 63>
root on /pci@1f,0/pci@1,1/ide@3/disk@0,0:a fstype ufs
The system is coming up. Please wait.


checking filesystems
/dev/rdsk/c0t3d0s5: is clean.
/dev/dsk/c0t3d0s7 mounted
starting routing daemon.
starting rpc services: rpcbind keyserv kerbd done.
Setting default interface for multicast:add net224.0.0.0:gateway
Print services started.
syslog service starting.
The system is ready.

Determining Faulty DSIMM Locations

U0604
U0704
U0603
U0703
U0602
U0702
U0601
U0701
• DSIMM slot numbers are silk screened.
• The first bank has slots U0601 and U0701.

• Memory addresses slot are fixed to a DSIMM slot.

Determining Faulty DSIMM Locations
Physical Memory Physical Memory

DSIMM Slot Location
U0701 (byte 00–15, bits 000–127)
U0601 (byte 16–31, bits 128–255)
U0702 (byte 00–15, bits 000–127)
U0602 (byte 16–31, bits 128–255)
U0703 (byte 00–15, bits 000–127)
U0603 (byte 16–31, bits 128–255)
U0704 (byte 00–15, bits 000–127)
U0604 (byte 16–31, bits 128–255)

Boot PROM help Command

help
Enter ’help command-name’ or ’help category-name’ for more help
(use ONLY the first word of a category description)
Examples: help select -or- help line
Main categories are:
File download and boot Resume execution
Diag — (diagnostic routines) Power on reset
> — prompt Floppy eject
Select I/O devices Ethernet
System and boot configuration parameters Line editors
Tools — (memory, numbers, new commands, loops)
Assembly debugging — (breakpoints, registers,disassembly,symbolic)
Sync — (synchronize disk data) Nvramrc — (making new commands permanent)

The help diag Command

help diag
watch-clock (--) - show ticks of real-time clock
watch-net (--) - monitor broadcast packets using auto-selected
watch-aui (--) - monitor broadcast packets using AUI interface
watch-tpe (--) - monitor broadcast packets using tpe interface
watch-net-all (--) - monitor broadcast packets on all net interfaces
probe-scsi (--) - show attached SCSI devices
probe-scsi-all (--)- show attached SCSI devices for SHAs
test-all (--) - execute test for all devices with selftest method
test-memory (--) - test all memory if diag-switch? is true,
otherwise specified by selftest-#megs

The test Command

Some OBP test commands are
• test memory
• test floppy
• test net

The show Command

Some OBP show commands are
• show-sbus
• show-tapes
• show-disks

The watch Command

Some OBP watch commands are
• watch-tpe
• watch-clock
• watch-aui

The probe-scsi Command

The two probe commands used to examine the SCSI bus are
• probe-scsi
• probe-scsi-all
/sbus@1f,espdma@e,8400000/esp@e,8800000

Using tip for Remote Diagnostics

• The tip command connects a local host to a remote
host.
• The faulty system must have diagnostic mode enabled.
• Input/output (NVRAM) must be directed to ttya.
• A null modem cable is used to connect a faulty system
to a local healthy system.
• The healthy system must be booted and running a GUI
environment like OpenWindows or CDE.

Module 5
Peripheral Devices Installation

and Configuration

Course Map
Introduction
System Firmware
Desktop Peripherals
Peripheral Devices


Relevance
Desktop users gain flexibility and productivity in many ways
when they have various peripheral devices connected to their
systems.
What types of devices would increase a user’s productivity
when connected locally rather than using that device on a
local area, or remote network server?
Why?

Objectives
• Properly cable and terminate all desktop peripherals
• Correctly address SCSI peripherals
• Verify the presence of peripherals with the Forth toolkit
• Verify the presence of peripherals at boot time
• Define the different SCSI types
• Configure single-ended and differential SCSI busses
• Identify the desktop peripheral enclosures

SCSI Implementation
CPU
SCSI host
adapter SCSI bus
Embedded SCSI
devices
Target
controller
Device

SCSI Implementation
SCSI offers different speed and bus width combinations
• SCSI host adapter (SHA)
• Single ended
• Differential
• Fast
• Wide
• Ultra

SCSI Implementation
SCSI-2 interface types are
• Single-ended — Uses a 50-pin connector
• Differential — Uses a 68-pin connector
SCSI-2 optional features are

• Tagged queuing
• Asynchronous or synchronous mode
• Fast mode — 10Mhz bus speed for 10Mbits per
second
• Wide SCSI — 16-bit bus width

SCSI Implementation
SCSI-3 optional features are
• Fast-20 — 20MHz for 20Mbites per second
• Ultra — Fast-20 and wide options combined for
40Mbites per second

SCSI Cabling and Termination

• SCSI connectors are a “D” shape to prevent misaligned
connections.
• There are 50 or 68 pin configurations for Fast and Wide
• Single-ended cabling can only support 6 meters total
length (includes internal lengths).
• Differential cabling can support up to 25 meters total
length.
• Standard SCSI-1 supports up to 7 devices.
• Wide and Ultra SCSI supports up to 15 devices.
• Busses must be terminated with an active terminator.

Narrow and Wide Devices
Narrow SHA with all narrow devices
Narrow SHA Narrow Narrow Narrow
50 50 50 50 50 50 T
Wide SHA with all wide devices

Wide SHA Wide Wide Wide AT
68 68 68 68 68 68
Wide SHA with wide and narrow devices

Wide SHA Wide Wide Narrow
68 68 68 68 68 50 T
Narrow SHA with wide and narrow devices

Narrow SHA Narrow Wide Wide AT
50 50 50 68 68 68

Addressing SCSI Devices

Physically addressing internal devices
• Most SCSI devices are addressed on the device.
• There is geographical addressing for single connector
disks.
Physically addressing external devices
• Some external units require addressing on the device.
• Some external units provide an externally accessible
addressing switch.

Assigning Target Addresses

Defacto SCSI addresses standards, by device type
• Disk drives
SCSI version = 1&2 1&2 1&2 1&2 3

Device boot 2nd 3rd 4th 8th-15th
SPARCstation/Ultra 3/0 1/1 2/2 0/3 8-15
• Other devices
Device 5th 6th 7th
Tape drives 4 5 8-15
CD-ROM drives 6 8-15

SCSI Host Adapters

S (Single-Ended) Maximum Length/ Async/ Maximum Xfer
D (Differential) Max. # of Devices Sync Fast Wide Rate (MByte/s)
Sparcstation 4, 5, 6 meters
S Yes Yes No 10
10, 20, Ultra 1-140 7 devices
Ultra 1-170 6 meters
S Yes Yes Yes 20
Ultra 2 15 devices
SHA S
6 meters
Yes No No 5
7 devices
FSBE S
6 meters
Yes Yes No 10
7 devices
SWIS S
6 meters
Yes Yes Yes 20
15 devices
DSBE D
25 meters
Yes Yes No 10
7 devices
DWIS D
25 meters
Yes Yes Yes 20
15 devices
PCI-Fast20 S
6 meters
Yes Yes No 20
7 devices
PCI-Ultra 6/25 meters
S/D Yes Yes Yes 40
Fast-Wide 15 devices

Desktop Peripheral Devices

Double connector single ended Single connector single ended
Tape drives
Single connector differential

CD-ROM drives

Peripheral Enclosures
Types
Single device Multiple devices
Desktop storage pack
Desktop multi-disk
storage module
Desktop single-disk
storage pack
UniPack storage unit

MultiPack storage unit

MultiPack
storage unit
Desktop multi-disk
storage module
The desktop multi-disk storage module has from 1 to 4 half-

height SCSI disk drives
The MultiPack storage unit can have from 2 to 12 Ultra SCSI
disk drives, depending on the model

Desktop storage pack Desktop storage pack

CD-ROM or 4-mm tape
Single-disk
The desktop storage pack (DSP) can contain one half-height

device.
The device can be either a disk, tape or CD-ROM.

Desktop tape-storage
8-mm module
The desktop storage module (DSM) can contain one full-

height peripheral.
The device can be either a disk or tape drive.

The UniPack storage unit can contain 1 half-height SCSI

peripheral.
The unit has a 68-pin Wide SCSI connector and provides
autotermination.

Identifying SCSI Devices

To identify the SCSI devices currently attached and available,
on the first SHA, use the command probe-SCSI.
To identify the SCSI devices currently attached and available,
on all other SHAs, use the command probe-SCSI-all.
• SHA address, device target address, unit number,
device type, manufacturer, Sun formatted capacity,
model number, and device serial number are
displayed
/sbus@1f,0/espdma@e,8400000/esp@e,8800000
Target 3
Unit 0 Disk SEAGATE ST31200W SUN1.05 87240043008
Copyright (c) 1994 Seagate
All rights reserved 0000
Identifying SCSI Devices

• Boot –rv on a SPARCstation 5
sd3 at esp0:target 3 lun 0
sd3 is /iommu@0,10000000/sbus@0,10001000
esp@5,8800000/sd@3,0
<SUN1.05 cyl 2036 alt 2 hd 14 sec 72>
• Boot -rv on a Ultra 10

dad0 at pci1095,6460 target 0 lun 0
dad0 is /pci@1f,0/pci@1,1/ide@3/dad@0,0
<Seagate Medalist 34342A cyl 8892 alt 2 hd
15 sec 63>
root on /pci@1f,0/pci@1,1/ide@3/disk@0,0:a
fstype ufs

Accessing Devices
Logical device names are in the format
/dev/[r]dsk/c#t#d#s#
• # format
1. c0t3d0 <SUN1.05 cyl 2036 alt 2 hd 14
sec 72>
/iommu@0,10000000/sbus@0,10001000/esp@5,
8800000/sd@3,0
2. c0t0d0 <Seagate Medalist 34342A cyl 8892

alt 2 hd 15 sec 63> /pci@1f,0/pci@1,1/ide@3/
dad@0,0

Accessing Devices
Example:
# ls -l /dev/dsk/c0t3d0s0
dev/dsk/c0t3d0s0 ->
../../devices/sbus@1,f8000000/esp@0,800000/sd@3,0:a
The output lists the controller number, target number, device

number, and the disk slice value.

Module 6
Disk Analysis and Repair

Course Map
Introduction
System Firmware
Desktop Peripherals
Peripheral Devices


Relevance
It is necessary to understand the disk errors the system
reports, so you can determine:
• If the disk problem is repairable
• If the disk will require replacement
If the problem can be corrected with a utility, knowing how to

use that utility and what that utility will accomplish is
necessary.

Objectives
• Examine a system error log file
• Use the format utility
• Use the setup, repair, and analyze commands
• Format a disk drive

Disk Error Categories

Electronic errors include
• Disk controller (I/F card) and cables
• Drive electronics
• Power supply
Hardware errors include
• Defective media surface
• Cables and connectors

Typical Error Messages

WARNING: /sbus@1,f8000000/esp@0,800000/sd@0,0
(sd0):
Error for command 'write'

Error Level: Fatal
Requested Block 36104, Error Block: 98054
Vendor 'EMULEX': ASC = 0x11

hard data error), ASCQ = 0x0, FRU = 0x0

Typical Error Messages

• Disk error messages are displayed on the system
Console window.
• The /var/adm/messages file logs error messages.
• SUNWbtool package must be installed
• Multiple disk errors are often an indication of a media

flaw.
• Random disk errors may indicate an electronic problem.
• Bad data blocks are bypassed by the Solaris™ operating
system.

format Utility Start-up

format
AVAILABLE DISK SELECTIONS:
0. c0t0d0 <SUN0669 cyl 1614 alt 2 hd 15 sec 54

/sbus@1,f8000000/esp@0,800000/sd@0,0

The format Menu

disk - select a disk
type - select (define) a disk type
partition - select (define) a partition table
current - describe the current disk
format - format and analyze the disk
repair - repair a defective sector
label - write label to the disk

The format Menu

analyze - surface analysis
defect - defect list management
backup - search for backup labels
verify - read and display labels
save - save new disk/partition definitions
inquiry - show vendor, product and revision
volname - set 8-character volume name
quit

The analyze Menu

read - read only test
refresh - read then write (Safe)
test - pattern testing (Safe)
write - write then read (Corrupts)
compare - write, read, compare (Corrupts)
purge - write, read, write (Corrupts)
print - display data buffer (Safe)

The analyze Menu

setup - set analysis parameters (Safe)
config - show analysis parameters (Safe)
quit

The analyze setup Command

Analyze entire disk [yes]?
Loop continuously [no]?
Enter number of passes [2]: 10
Repair defective blocks [yes]? no
Stop after first error [no]?
Use random bit patterns [no]?
Enter number of blocks/transfer [126, 0/3/21]:

The analyze setup Command

Verify media after formatting [yes]?
Enable extended messages [no]? yes
Restore defect list [yes]? no
Restore disk label [yes]? no

The analyze compare Command

• Does a surface analysis of the entire media surface
• Uses a data destructive test
• Returns an output which indicates which data blocks
were found to be defective, and repairs the bad blocks
when possible
• Is the best diagnostic tool for confirming the disk
surface media
Do not run this test on a mounted file system.
Always backup existing data prior to performing this test.

The format repair Comand

The format repair command is not often required.
The defective block numbers must be known, so they are
retrieved from analyze command output.
The repair process remaps the cylinder, bypassing the
defective block, it then locates a reserve block to replace the
defective (bypassed) block and maps to that location.
• When completed, reboot the system and run the FSCK
command.

Sector Repair Procedure

Use the following steps to repair a defective block:
1. Invoke the format utility.
2. Select the disk.
3. Invoke the repair routine.
4. Type in the absolute block number.
5. Run the utility.
6. Reboot the system.

SCSI Disk Defect Management

Some defect list features are
• The manufacturer’s defect list is the “primary” list
• The “grown” defect list is automatically handled by the
local disk drive firmware.
• Defects are added to the list by the Solaris operating
system and by the format utility.
Run format — analyze — read then write to confirm a
new or replacement disk.

Module 7
Boot Sequence Troubleshooting

Course Map
Introduction
System Firmware
Desktop Peripherals
Peripheral Devices


Relevance
If you understand what must occur during the boot process
then you will be better prepared to troubleshoot a problem
that happens at boot-up time.
What can you do with a system that passes POST, begins the
process of loading the operating system, and then stops?

Objectives
• Boot the system using a single-user boot flag
• Run the installboot utility
• Repair a corrupted boot block
• Repair a vfstab problem that prevents multiuser
booting
• Record and repair a vfstab problem using CD-ROM
files and the vi editor
• Repair a kernel problem using CD-ROM files

Boot Sequence Overview

The OpenBoot PROM loads boot and executes the boot block
Booting with command: -v
Boot device:/iommu/sbus/esp@5,8800000/sd@3,0
File and args: -rv
The boot block loads and executes the bootstrap program

which loads the kernel
SunOS Release 5.4 Version Generic [UNIX(R)
System V Release 4.0]
Copyright (c) 1983-1994, Sun Microsystems, Inc.

Boot Sequence Overview

Probing busses and devices
CPU0:FMI, MB86904 (mid 0 impl 0x0 ver 0x4 clock 85 MHz)
mem = 32768K (0x2000000)
root on /iommu@0,10000000/sbus@0,10001000/espdma@5/
sd3,0: a fstype ufs
Checking the file system


Basic Boot Flow
Reset
POST
Firmware Banner
Testing memory
Boot PROM loads boot block from disk

Basic Boot Flow
Bootblock loads the bootstrap file
Bootstrap file loads the kernel
Kernel and Kernel performs the following:

hardware Identifies itself (release, name, and date)
Sizes memory
Reports amount of memory available
Reports Ethernet address and CPU type
Checks for devices
Identifies root, swap, and dump
Starts the init program

Basic Boot Flow
init program starts rc script files
rc scripts start system processes

Software
init handles login requests
console login:

Boot Block Overview

Bootstrap program Boot block
(Next 15 sectors)
Disk label
(First sector)
Partition A (root)

installboot Command
# installboot bootblk /dev/rdsk/c0t3d0s0
Command Boot block code Raw destination device
When using the installboot command you must specify the

raw device you want to install a boot block on
• Specify the program code bootblk
• Use the bootstrap program named /ufsboot

• Use the installboot command, which has no options

Using the Backup Kernel

If the kernel is corrupted it needs to be replaced.
The repair procedure is as follows:
7. Boot to single-user mode from CD-ROM.
8. Mount the boot partition to the CD-ROM /a directory.
9. Copy /kernel/unix to /a/kernel/unix.
10.Reboot the system.

init and rc Scripts Overview

init is the program that starts the rc scripts.
rc scripts are programs that initiate configuration gathering
processes which allow access to system resources
• File system table errors may occur because of edits to
the /etc/vfstab file.
• System boot recovery is performed in one of two ways:
• Correct tables in the /etc/vfstab file
• Reload the operating system and then make the

corrections

init and rc Scripts Overview

The normal rc script file output is
The error output for a file system table problem is

/dev/rdsk/c0t3d0s0: UNEXPECTED INCONSISTENCY;
RUN fsck MANUALLY.
WARNING – Unable to repair one or more of the

following filesystem(s):
/dev/rdsk/c0t3d0s0 /dev/rdsk/c0t3d0s7
Run fsck manually (fsck filesystem...)

Boot Flow Troubleshooting

To be a proficient when diagnosing system boot problems, it
is necessary to
• Become familiar with the normal boot messages
• Verify the boot from device and path are correct
• Determine where in the boot sequence the error occurs
• If the kernel name missing, is it a bad boot block?
• Is the memory size correct and adequate for the OS?
• Are boot device addresses and IDs correct?
• Are all devices correctly identified?

Module 8
SunVTS System Diagnostics

Course Map
Introduction
System Firmware
Desktop Peripherals
Peripheral Devices


Relevance
Why is having a validation tool that can confirm the
functionality of a system and many of its components while
the system is in operation is important to you?

Objectives
• Install the SunVTS package on a system
• Select and set up SunVTS diagnostic tests
• Run the SunVTS tests
• Understand SunVTS test results

Introduction
SunVTS
• Is a validation test suit of diagnostic tools
• Has replaced SunDiag™ on Solaris operating systems
Release 2.5 and above
• Operates on systems running the Solaris operating
system and a GUI

SunVTS Architecture
Graphical TTY user SunVTS

user interface interface utilities
SunVTS application
programming interface
Logs messages
Probes configuration SunVTS kernel Schedules tests
Monitor test results
Test interface
SunVTS User-created
hardware tests custom tests

User Interfaces
• The user interfaces is a GUI
• SunVTS must be run in a background mode
• Hardware tests for all Sun supported hardware

Installing Sun VTS Software

pkgadd -d /cdrom/upd_sol_2_5_smcc/SMCC/SUNWvts

Starting a Testing Session

./sunvts&

SunVTS Open Look GUI

System Status panel Performance meter Control panel Tests Selection
panel
Test Status panel Console window Test Option panel

The SunVTS Graphical User Interface
Halt active tests Terminate the

user Interface
Start enabled tests Reset pass count
and error totals
Open Error Log Probe for connected

files for viewing hardware devices
Launche the Connect to remote
Config menu system and run SunVTS

Selecting and Setting Up Tests

SunVTS Testing Option

Selecting and Setting Up Tests

Save your test selections in
/var/adm/sunvtslog/options
The Intervention Enabled selection
• Some tests require intervention to complete test

setups or to change the system configuration
• You will receive a prompt when the change is

required, for example inserting a tape in the tape
drive to be tested
• Tests that require intervention are not made available

if it is not enabled

System Status Panel

System Status Panel

Performance Monitor

Reviewing SunVTS Test Results

System status panel appears as follows:

To Review SunVTS Log Files
1. Click on the Log Files button.

2. Click on the Display option.
3. Close this window, by clicking on the pushpin.
4. Display the information without clearing the files.
Course Contents
About This Course .......................................................................................................Preface-1

Course Overview ......................................................................................................................... Preface-2
Course Map ................................................................................................................................... Preface-3
Module-by-Module Overview ................................................................................................... Preface-4
Course Objectives ......................................................................................................................... Preface-5
Course Objectives ......................................................................................................................... Preface-6
Equipment Covered ..................................................................................................................... Preface-7
Skills Gained ................................................................................................................................. Preface-8
Guidelines for Pacing .................................................................................................................. Preface-9
Topics Not Covered ................................................................................................................... Preface-10
How Prepared Are You? ........................................................................................................... Preface-11
Introductions .............................................................................................................................. Preface-12
How to Use the Course Materials ............................................................................................ Preface-13
Lecture and Lab Modules ......................................................................................................... Preface-14
Student Responsibilities ............................................................................................................ Preface-15
Instructor Responsibilities ........................................................................................................ Preface-16
Desktop Products Overview .................................................................................................1-1

Course Map .............................................................................................................................................. 1-2
Relevance .................................................................................................................................................. 1-3
Objectives ................................................................................................................................................. 1-4
SPARC Architecture ............................................................................................................................... 1-5
The SuperSPARC Processor .................................................................................................................. 1-6
The UltraSPARC Microprocessor ......................................................................................................... 1-7
The UltraSPARC Microprocessor ......................................................................................................... 1-8
Main Logic Board With Processor ........................................................................................................ 1-9
Sun Desktop System Maintenance i

Main Logic Board With CPU Modules .............................................................................................. 1-10

Ultra System Main Logic Board .......................................................................................................... 1-13
Ultra System Main Logic Boards ........................................................................................................ 1-14
SIMM Types ........................................................................................................................................... 1-15
Memory Configuration ........................................................................................................................ 1-16
Memory Configuration ........................................................................................................................ 1-17
Ultra 1 System
Memory Configuration ..................................................................................................................... 1-18
Ultra 60 System
Memory Configuration ..................................................................................................................... 1-19
DSIMM Bank Slot Numbers ................................................................................................................ 1-20
Memory Error Reports ......................................................................................................................... 1-21
Error Detection ...................................................................................................................................... 1-22
SPARCsystem SBus Architecture ....................................................................................................... 1-23
Ultra 1 Series System Block Diagram ................................................................................................. 1-26
Ultra 1 Series System Block Diagram ................................................................................................. 1-27
Ultra Systems PCI Bus Introduction .................................................................................................. 1-28
Ultra 10 System PCI Bus
Block Diagram .................................................................................................................................... 1-29
Product Line Introduction ....................................................................................................2-1

Course Map .............................................................................................................................................. 2-2
Relevance .................................................................................................................................................. 2-3
Objectives ................................................................................................................................................. 2-4
Desktop Products Introduction ............................................................................................................. 2-5
Single Processor Desktop Systems ....................................................................................................... 2-6
Sun Desktop System Maintenance ii

Desktop Products Overview ................................................................................................................. 2-7

SPARCstation 5 System .......................................................................................................................... 2-8
SPARCstation 4 System .......................................................................................................................... 2-9
Ultra 1 System ........................................................................................................................................ 2-10
Ultra 1 Creator ....................................................................................................................................... 2-11
Ultra 5 System ........................................................................................................................................ 2-12
Ultra 10 System ...................................................................................................................................... 2-13
Ultra 30 System ...................................................................................................................................... 2-14
Desktop Products Overview ............................................................................................................... 2-15
Desktop Products Overview ............................................................................................................... 2-16
SPARCstation 10 ................................................................................................................................... 2-17
SPARCstation 20 System ...................................................................................................................... 2-18
Ultra 60 System ...................................................................................................................................... 2-19
System Option Boards .......................................................................................................................... 2-20
I/O Connectors ..................................................................................................................................... 2-21
External System Connections .............................................................................................................. 2-22
Minitower Enclosures Rear Panel View ............................................................................................ 2-23
Pizzabox Enclosure Layout ................................................................................................................. 2-24
Ultra Minitower Enclosure Layout ..................................................................................................... 2-25
Part Number Identification ................................................................................................................. 2-26
Sun Part Number .................................................................................................................................. 2-27
Sun Part Number .................................................................................................................................. 2-28
System Serial Number Location ......................................................................................................... 2-29
OpenBoot PROM ...................................................................................................................3-1

Course Map .............................................................................................................................................. 3-2
Relevance .................................................................................................................................................. 3-3
Objectives ................................................................................................................................................. 3-4
The Boot PROM Concept ....................................................................................................................... 3-5
NVRAM Contents ................................................................................................................................... 3-6
Sun Desktop System Maintenance iii

Boot PROM Contents ............................................................................................................................. 3-7

POST Output Listing .............................................................................................................................. 3-8
POST Diagnostics Summary ................................................................................................................. 3-9
Viewing POST ....................................................................................................................................... 3-10
OBP Firmware ....................................................................................................................................... 3-11
POST Keyboard LED Display ............................................................................................................. 3-12
SPARC Boot PROM Versions .............................................................................................................. 3-13
OpenBoot PROM Concepts ................................................................................................................. 3-14
Navigating the OpenBoot PROM ....................................................................................................... 3-15
Determining Device Path Names ....................................................................................................... 3-16
Flash PROM Upgrade Overview ........................................................................................................ 3-20
Booting and Testing ...............................................................................................................4-1

Course Map .............................................................................................................................................. 4-2
Relevance .................................................................................................................................................. 4-3
Objectives ................................................................................................................................................. 4-4
Boot PROM User Interface ..................................................................................................................... 4-5
3.x NVRAM Parameters ......................................................................................................................... 4-6
Modifying NVRAM Contents ............................................................................................................... 4-7
Configuring Input/Output Control ..................................................................................................... 4-8
Configuring Input/Output Control ..................................................................................................... 4-9
Forth Line Editor Features ................................................................................................................... 4-10
Special OBP Keyboard Commands .................................................................................................... 4-11
Default Booting ..................................................................................................................................... 4-12
Using Boot Flags .................................................................................................................................... 4-13
Boot Command Syntax ......................................................................................................................... 4-14
Device Tree Structure ........................................................................................................................... 4-15
Sun Desktop System Maintenance iv

Booting With Device Aliases ............................................................................................................... 4-16

OBP Device Aliases ............................................................................................................................... 4-18
Transferring to Software Control ........................................................................................................ 4-22
Determining Faulty DSIMM Locations ............................................................................................. 4-25
Determining Faulty DSIMM Locations ............................................................................................. 4-26
Boot PROM help Command ............................................................................................................... 4-27
The help diag Command .................................................................................................................. 4-28
The test Command ............................................................................................................................. 4-29
The probe-scsi Command ................................................................................................................ 4-32
Using tip for Remote Diagnostics ..................................................................................................... 4-33
Peripheral Devices Installation

and Configuration ..................................................................................................................5-1
Course Map .............................................................................................................................................. 5-2
Relevance .................................................................................................................................................. 5-3
Objectives ................................................................................................................................................. 5-4
SCSI Implementation ............................................................................................................................. 5-5
SCSI Implementation .............................................................................................................................. 5-6
SCSI Cabling and Termination ............................................................................................................. 5-9
Narrow and Wide Devices .................................................................................................................. 5-10
Addressing SCSI Devices ..................................................................................................................... 5-11
Assigning Target Addresses ................................................................................................................ 5-12
Sun Desktop System Maintenance v

SCSI Host Adapters .............................................................................................................................. 5-13

Desktop Peripheral Devices ................................................................................................................ 5-14
Peripheral Enclosures Types ............................................................................................................... 5-15
Peripheral Enclosures ........................................................................................................................... 5-16
Identifying SCSI Devices ...................................................................................................................... 5-20
Identifying SCSI Devices ...................................................................................................................... 5-21
Accessing Devices ................................................................................................................................. 5-22
Accessing Devices ................................................................................................................................. 5-23
Disk Analysis and Repair .....................................................................................................6-1

Course Map .............................................................................................................................................. 6-2
Relevance .................................................................................................................................................. 6-3
Objectives ................................................................................................................................................. 6-4
Disk Error Categories ............................................................................................................................. 6-5
Typical Error Messages .......................................................................................................................... 6-6
Typical Error Messages .......................................................................................................................... 6-7
format Utility Start-up .......................................................................................................................... 6-8
The format Menu ................................................................................................................................... 6-9
The format Menu ................................................................................................................................. 6-10
The analyze Menu ............................................................................................................................... 6-11
The analyze Menu ............................................................................................................................... 6-12
analyze setup ............................................................6-13
analyze setup ............................................................6-14
analyze compare ..........................................................6-15
format repair ............................................................6-16
Sector Repair Procedure ....................................................................................................................... 6-17
SCSI Disk Defect Management ........................................................................................................... 6-18
Sun Desktop System Maintenance vi

Boot Sequence Troubleshooting ...........................................................................................7-1

Course Map .............................................................................................................................................. 7-2
Relevance .................................................................................................................................................. 7-3
Objectives ................................................................................................................................................. 7-4
Boot Sequence Overview ....................................................................................................................... 7-5
Boot Sequence Overview ....................................................................................................................... 7-6
Basic Boot Flow ....................................................................................................................................... 7-7
Basic Boot Flow ....................................................................................................................................... 7-8
Basic Boot Flow ....................................................................................................................................... 7-9
Boot Block Overview ............................................................................................................................ 7-10
installboot Command ..................................................................................................................... 7-11
Using the Backup Kernel ..................................................................................................................... 7-12
init and rc Scripts Overview ........................................................................................................ 7-13
init and rc Scripts Overview ........................................................................................................ 7-14
Boot Flow Troubleshooting ................................................................................................................. 7-15
SunVTS System Diagnostics .................................................................................................8-1

Course Map .............................................................................................................................................. 8-2
Relevance .................................................................................................................................................. 8-3
Objectives ................................................................................................................................................. 8-4
Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 8-5
SunVTS Architecture .............................................................................................................................. 8-6
User Interfaces ......................................................................................................................................... 8-7
Installing Sun VTS Software .................................................................................................................. 8-8
Starting a Testing Session ...................................................................................................................... 8-9
SunVTS Open Look GUI ...................................................................................................................... 8-10
The SunVTS Graphical User Interface ............................................................................................... 8-11
Selecting and Setting Up Tests ............................................................................................................ 8-12
SunVTS Testing Option ........................................................................................................................ 8-13
Selecting and Setting Up Tests ............................................................................................................ 8-14
Sun Desktop System Maintenance vii

System Status Panel .............................................................................................................................. 8-15

System Status Panel .............................................................................................................................. 8-16
Performance Monitor ........................................................................................................................... 8-17
Reviewing SunVTS Test Results ......................................................................................................... 8-18
To Review SunVTS Log Files .............................................................................................................. 8-19
Sun Desktop System Maintenance viii


SM210 Sun Desktop System Maintenance Oh 0499

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Sun Educational Services

Sun Desktop System

Sun Educational Services

Sun Desktop System Maintenance May 1999

About This Course

Sun Desktop System Maintenance May 1999

Sun Desktop System Maintenance Preface, slide 2 of 16

OpenBoot PROM Booting and Testing

System Analysis and Troubleshooting

Sun Desktop System Maintenance Preface, slide 3 of 16

Sun Desktop System Maintenance Preface, slide 4 of 16

Sun Desktop System Maintenance Preface, slide 5 of 16

Sun Desktop System Maintenance Preface, slide 6 of 16

Sun Desktop System Maintenance Preface, slide 7 of 16

Sun Desktop System Maintenance Preface, slide 8 of 16

Guidelines for Pacing

About This Course A.M.

Sun Desktop System Maintenance Preface, slide 9 of 16

Topics Not Covered

Sun Desktop System Maintenance Preface, slide 10 of 16

How Prepared Are You?

• Completed the Solaris 2.x Essentials for System

• Experience using basic electronic testing devices

• Experience in troubleshooting digital computer type

Sun Desktop System Maintenance Preface, slide 11 of 16

Sun Desktop System Maintenance Preface, slide 12 of 16

How to Use the Course Materials

Sun Desktop System Maintenance Preface, slide 13 of 16

Lecture and Lab Modules

• The lecture introduces you to the material

• The lab procedures are self-paced

• The information is for a specific piece of equipment

• Questions in the labs are provided to verify your

Sun Desktop System Maintenance Preface, slide 14 of 16

• Answer questions in the lab procedures

• Leave the equipment the way you found it

• Help others when they are having trouble

• Use available reference materials in lab

• Ask for help any time you are not sure

Sun Desktop System Maintenance Preface, slide 15 of 16

• Provide you with the most current information

• Not be responsible for knowing the answer to every

• Research the answer to any question that are deemed

• Always be available to assist you in the lab

Sun Desktop System Maintenance Preface, slide 16 of 16

Desktop Products Overview

Sun Desktop System Maintenance May 1999

OpenBoot PROM Booting and Testing

System Analysis and Troubleshooting

Sun Desktop System Maintenance Module 1, slide 2 of 29

Sun Desktop System Maintenance Module 1, slide 3 of 29

• Identify system elements that make up the SPARC

Sun Desktop System Maintenance Module 1, slide 4 of 29

• RISC — Reduced instruction set computing

• SPARC — Scalable processor architecture

Sun Desktop System Maintenance Module 1, slide 5 of 29

The SuperSPARC Processor

SPARC and SuperSPARC Architecture Type

Sun Desktop System Maintenance Module 1, slide 6 of 29

The UltraSPARC Microprocessor

System Chipset Name Architecture

• UltraSPARC-I operates at 147, 167, and 200 MHz

Sun Desktop System Maintenance Module 1, slide 7 of 29

The UltraSPARC Microprocessor