Experimental Optics

2D diffraction

LFA3032
Section 20
Diffraction grating

It is a component consisting of N identical objects

(openings or obstacles), which are periodically
distributed on its surface.

A beam of light that impinges on this dispersive

element is divided into several beams.

The spatial distribution of such beams contains

information about the wavelength of light and the
geometric structure of the dispersive element.
Two-dimensional grating How would you apply the diffraction condition?

𝑑 sin 𝜃 = 𝑚𝜆

Center-to-center separation
of two consecutive objects
Diffraction
order

Remember to take as soon as the approximation

𝐷≫𝑑
𝑃0 𝑃1
sin 𝜃 ≈ tan 𝜃 ≈ 𝜃 ≈
Diffraction screen (mask) with N number of
𝐷
identical diffraction objects evenly distributed.
𝐷 diffraction mask-pattern distance
Square aperture
mask
Triangular opening
mask

A two-dimensional arrangement of
transparent equilateral triangles arranged
in a hexagonal pattern (metal mesh).
Experimental setup
Square openings
Hexagonal structure
Activities

For the gridded pattern:

Choose a wavelength (color); and check the diffraction condition;

Whereas 𝜆 = 650 𝑛𝑚 for the red laser and 𝜆 = 515 𝑛𝑚 for the green laser,
obtain the value of the separation between two consecutive squares and
their respective experimental error by any method.

Para el patrón hexagonal:

Choose a wavelength (color); and check the diffraction condition;

Whereas 𝜆 = 650 𝑛𝑚 for the red laser and 𝜆 = 515 𝑛𝑚 for the green
laser, obtain the value of the separation between two consecutive
triangles with their respective experimental error by any method.