ISSN 2348–2370

Vol.10,Issue.04,
April-2018,
Pages:0391-0395

www.ijatir.org

HVAC System for Shopping Mall

MOHD SOHAIL , MD NIYAZUDDIN2, MOHD ALEEMUDDIN AHMED3, MOHD ABDUL AZEEZ4, J. PRASEEP KUMAR5
1

Dept of Mechanical Engineering, SVITS, Mahbubnagar, Telangana, India.

Abstract: The objective to design Heating, Ventilation & building may be divided into mechanical/ forced and
Air conditioning (HVAC) system for a commercial natural types.
Building, with simultaneously controls its temperature, II. LITERATURE REVIEW
humidity, cleanliness, proper distribution, noise level, heat A. Types of Air-Conditioning Systems
load calculation, fresh air, exhaust, duct design, pipe design,  CommercialAir-ConditioningAccording To Application
equipment selection and layout of accessories such as  Industrial Air-Conditioning
indoor and outdoor unit of the project. Cooling load will be
calculated on E20 form. Indeed, today the emphasis is no
more on understanding air conditioning ‘products’ but on
creating ‘solutions’ and not just solutions, but ‘customized
solutions’ that suit specific cooling needs of specific
business and establishments. In this paper the aim is to
design an air conditioning system for a shopping mall with
proper distribution of air and also separate energy
consumption system for different vendors.

Keywords:HVAC, Air-Conditioning,Refrigeration, HACR.

I. INTRODUCTION
HVAC (heating, ventilating, and air conditioning; also
heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) is the technology
of indoor and vehicular environmental comfort. Its goal is
to provide thermal comfort and acceptable indoor air
quality. HVAC system design is a sub discipline of
mechanical engineering, based on the principles of thermo-
dynamics, fluid mechanics, and heat transfer. Refrigeration
is sometimes added to the field's abbreviation as HVAC&R
or HVACR, or ventilating is dropped as in HACR (such as
the designation of HACR-rated circuit breakers). HVAC is
important in the design of medium to large industrial and
office buildings such as skyscrapers and in marine
environments such as aquariums, where safe and healthy
building conditions are regulated with respect to
temperature and humidity, using fresh air from outdoors.
Ventilating or Ventilation (the V in HVAC) is the process of
"changing" or replacing air in any space to provide
high indoor air quality which involves temperature control,
oxygen replenishment, and removal of moisture, odors,
smoke, heat, dust, airborne bacteria, and carbon dioxide.
Ventilation removes unpleasant smells and excessive
moisture, introduces outside air, keeps interior building air
circulating, and prevents stagnation of the interior air.
Ventilation includes both the exchange of air to the outside
as well as circulation of air within the building. It is one of
the most important factors for maintaining acceptable
indoor air quality in buildings. Methods for ventilating a
Fig.1. Basic Air-Conditioning system.
B. Commercial Air-Conditioning According to
Application
This includes air-conditioning of multi room structure like
apartments, hotels, office buildings and hospitals. Although
treatment varies somewhat for these applications, the basic
problems are the same.
 Individual control of room temperature is desirable.
 Cooling system should also be suitable for winter
heating to eliminate duplication of risers and
equipment.
 Unusual heat loads should be considered.
 Fan noise, air noise and cross talk between rooms
through ductwork are undesirable.
When these requirements are considered in conjunction
with loads and equipment, it is not difficult to understand
why quality air-conditioning for multi room buildings are
more costly per unit capacity than many other types of
comfort installation.

Copyright @ 2018 IJATIR. All rights reserved.

 MOHD SOHAIL, MD NIYAZUDDIN, MOHD ALEEMUDDIN AHMED, MOHD ABDUL AZEEZ, J. PRASEEP KUMAR
1. Air-Conditioning Of Multi Rooms Includes:
Offices: Private offices involve problems of zoning and
individual control. General offices and large open office
spaces may be treated as common units but it should be
recognized that it is not possible to satisfy every occupant of system or elf-contained units constitute the most economical
general office. This does not mean that the system should
not be designed with proper capacity of air distribution. It
does mean that the temperature, which is satisfactory to
majority of occupants, may fail to please too few. Space
used of conference and directors rooms requires special
treatment because of wide variation in occupancy and the
need for greater ventilation when occupants are smoking. It
is a good practice to provide a smoke exhausts system and
should be handled as separate zones.
Hospital Private Rooms: Hospital needs a special
consideration as to whether or not air may be re circulated
and the extent to which it may be permitted. Frequently, a
100% outside air supply is required to avoid cross
contamination. In many installations it may be necessary to
provide equipment and devices that can be thoroughly
cleaned and sterilized.
Hotel Guest Rooms: The special features to be considered
while air-conditioning hotel guest rooms. They are:
 Internal light and population is more compared to
offices.
 Individual room temperature control is most desirable if
not essential. Temperature control devices should be
rugged and simple to operate.
 In some cases respectively low room temperature at
night are desired since this has an important bearing on
equipment capacity, appropriate load estimate should
be made to determine the effect on equipment size.
 Particular air should be taken to avoid drafts and noise
in guest rooms.
 The toilet exhaust should be designated to equal
approximately ventilation make up.
 Fan or refrigeration rooms should never be located
directly above sleeping rooms. Even the best techniques
for concealing noise and vibration are not completely
effective in this situation.
Restaurants: Because of variation in loads, equipments that
operate economically at partial capacity are required in
addition to usual hear loads from people, light and expose to
outside conditions. Many restaurants have large heat gains
from toasters, grill, coffeemaker and hot eatables. Sufficient
outside air should be introduced through the apparatus to
dilute food odors and tobacco smoke and to offset exhaust.
The outdoor problem is more acute in restaurants than in
most other application. Kitchen and pantries should have
supply and exhaust systems that are independent of the
restaurant systems.
Theaters and Auditoriums: Almost the entire cooking
load in theaters and auditoriums result from the ventilation
air, heat and moisture release by patrons. The sensible heat
factor is always nearly too low to obtain 55% RH with
International Journal of Advanced Technology and Innovative Research
Volume. 10, IssueNo.03, March-2018, Pages: 0391-0395
conventional A/C processes unless re heat is used. The type
of system used depends largely on the size of the theatre.
Central equipment supplied by a water chilling plant is
usually the best answer for large house and DX assembled
selection for the neighborhood house. Air duct is preferably
accomplished by over load diffusers in order to minimize
drafts, but sidewall or rare wall outlets can e successfully
used where obstructions to throw are absent. Adequate
return air should be taken wherever cold spots make occur,
as for example from front of theatre to rear of balcony and
orchestra. Fan and air noise should be reduced to an
acceptable limit.
C. Industrial Air-Conditioning
There has some tendency to draw a sharp line of
demarcation between systems designed for personnel
comfort and those designed for process control. The
distinction hardly warranted because the procedure in both
instances must necessarily be identical. Special treatment
may be necessary in some industrial application due to
requirement of continues operation, 24 hrs a day & 7 days a
week, or due to peculiar conditions of corrosion,
contamination hazards, concentrated heat load or other
adverse operating conditions. It is necessary for the designer
to understand the industrial process in order to minimize
hazards. Furthermore since conditions must be maintained
regardless of outside weather conditions particular attention
should be directed to
 Adequate installation of roof and walls.
 Adequate moisture barriers kin building construction,
particularly when high
 Double glass, block or no windows where high
humidity is necessary for process during winter
weather.
 The use of shading screen, Venetian blinds or other
means of preventing the entrance of direct sunlight.
 Adequate ceiling weights to provide space for
ventilation hood, air duct and pipes.
 The evaluation of the storage effect of structure,
equipment and materials in process if operation is on
24 hrs bases.
Many industrial air-conditioning installations are just as
necessary for providing productive working conditions for
employees as for the product or process. In fact it is often
desirable to depart somewhat from optimum process
conditions to provide comfortable working conditions.
D. Unit of Refrigeration
Unit of refrigeration is “Ton”. A ton here doesn’t mean
mass it is a measure of rate of heat transfer. We know that
latent heat of fusion of ice is 336 KJ/Kg. When one ton that
is 1000 kg of ice melt in 24 hrs it produces cooling effect at
the rate of 233 KJ/min. In other words, if heat is removed
from water at the rate of 233 KJ/min we get 1000 kg (I tone)
of ice per day.
 HVAC System for Shopping Mall
III. PRINCIPLE OF WORKING
A. Vapor Compression System
A schematic flow diagram showing the basic
components of vapor compress refrigeration system is
shown in fig.2 below some typical temperatures for air-
conditioning applications are indicated. Refrigerant fluid
circulates through the piping and equipment to the direction
shown. There are four processes that occur it flows through
the system they are as follows:
Fig.2. Vapor Compression Cycle.
Process 1-2: At point (1) refrigerant are in liquid state a
relatively high pressure and high temperature flows to (2)
through a restriction called the flow control device or
expansion device. The refrigerant looses pressure going
through the restriction. The pressure at (2) is low that the
small portion of the refrigeration lashes into a gas. But in
order to vaporize it must be gain heat (which it takes from
the portion of refrigerant that did not vaporize) thus cooling
the mixture and resulting in low temperature.
Process 2-3: The refrigerant flows through a heat exchanger
called the evaporator. This heat exchanger has two circuits.
The refrigerants circulate in one and in the other. The fluid
to be cooled is at a slightly temperature that the refrigerant,
therefore heat is transferred from refrigerant producing
cooling effect. Desired refrigerant boils because of the heat
it receives in the evaporator. By the time it leaves the
evaporator (4) it is completely vaporized.
Process 3-4: During the evaporator, the refrigerant is a gas
at a low temperature and low pressure. In order to be able to
use it again, to achiever the refrigerant effect continuously,
it must be brought back to the condition at (1) a liquid at a
high pressure. The first step in this process is to increase the
pressure of the refrigerant gas by using a compressor.
International Journal of Advanced Technology and Innovative Research
Volume. 10, IssueNo.03, March-2018, Pages: 0391-0395
Compressing the gas also result in the increasing the
temperature.
Process 4-1: The refrigerant leaves the compressor as a gas
at high temperature and pressure. In order to change it to
liquid, heat must be removed from it, this is accomplished in
a heat exchanger called condenser. In the other circuit
cooling fluid flows (air or water) at a temperature lower
than the refrigerant. Heat therefore transfer from the
refrigerant to the cooling fluid and as a result the refrigerant
condenses to a liquid at (1) the refrigerant has returned to its
initial state and is now ready to repeat the cycle of course
the processes are actually continuous as the refrigerant
circulates through the system.
B. Vapor Absorption System
The absorption refrigeration system is quite similar to
the vapor compression refrigeration system as shown in
fig.3. In the absorption refrigeration system, refrigerant is
produce by evaporation of a liquid (refrigerant) in the
evaporator. The difference between the two systems lies in
the method of converting the refrigerant vapor back to
liquid. In vapor compression system compressor and
condenser are used to the conversion of refrigerant vapor
(coming from the evaporator) into liquid. In the absorption
system also, the condenser is used but the compressor is
replaced by the combination of absorber generator.
Fig.3. Vapor Absorption Cycle.
In vapor compression system, the refrigerant vaporizes
in the evaporator, absorbing its latent heat from the
surrounding, the suction side of the compressor draws the
refrigerant vapor from the evaporator compresses it an
delivers it to the condenser were the high pressure vapor is
condensed into a liquid. So we have the three components
viz. evaporator, compressor and condenser. The compressor
sucks vapor compresses and discharges it into the
condenser. So we can say that the compressor has suction
side as well as a discharge side. In the absorption system
also we have the evaporator and condenser doing the same
 MOHD SOHAIL, MD NIYAZUDDIN, MOHD ALEEMUDDIN AHMED, MOHD ABDUL AZEEZ, J. PRASEEP KUMAR
function as in the vapor compression system. The absorber
does the suction function of the compressor and the
generator replaces the discharge side of the compressor. field measurement, two air conditioning designs in large
IV. DESIGN METHODLOGY
A. Concept Drawing
Fig.4. Design Drawing of Ground Floor.
Fig.5. Design Drawing of First Floor.
Fig.6. Design Drawing of 2 To 8 Floors.
International Journal of Advanced Technology and Innovative Research
Volume. 10, IssueNo.03, March-2018, Pages: 0391-0395
V. RESULT
Based on load theoretical calculation,CFD and experimental
space buildings have been investigated thoroughly.
 By using the measured data of an in-patient hall of a
hospital building, it proved effective to apply the
methods of load theoretical calculation and CFD to
make energy saving analysis for the stratified air
conditioning systems in large space buildings.
 By using the modified stratified air conditioning load
calculation method and taking the same hall as
example, we proved that in a hall of 6 to 18 m in height
that uses stratified air conditioning design, the energy
saving rate of the stratified air conditioning can reach
the range of 19.7 to 49.3%. This concludes that the
energy saving rate of the stratified air conditioning is
proportional to the storey height. And the energy saving
rate of the stratified air conditioning is inversely
proportional to the air supply height and the wall-
window ratio.
VI. CONCLUSION
Based on the inputs & room data sheets and data
Summary sheet the projected TONS will be calculated. To
offset this load we propose to provide Air cooled Chillers
with a standby option. Three will be as duty chiller while
other one will be as standby. The Air cooled Chillers and
the pumps will be located in the Chiller plant room assigned
for the purpose on the Roof Deck floor. The plant room will
be duly ventilated. The FAN COIL UNITS’ will also be
located on the Roof Deck Floor. It is proposed to
incorporate a primary water distribution system in the AC
system design. The Primary system will comprise of a set of
Primary pumps which will circulate the water to the chillers
and they will circulate the water from the chillers to the
Various Zone AIR HANDLING UNITS are constant speed
type. This way the pumps need not run at constant speed
always and hence energy is saved.
VII. REFERENCES
[1] K.F. Fong, C.K. Lee, T.T. Chow, L.S. Chan, Application
potential of solar airconditioning systems for displacement
ventilation, Energy and Buildings 43 (2011) 2068–2076.
[2] H.F. Tuo, Thermal-economic analysis of a transcritical
Rankine power cycle with reheat enhancement for a low-
grade heat source, International Journal of Energy Research
36 (2012) 432–440.
[3] Y.H. Hwang, R. Radermacher, I. Kubo, Review of solar
cooling technologies, HVAC&R Research 14 (3) (2008)
507–528.
[4] R. Sekret, M. Turski, Research on an adsorption cooling
system supplied by solar energy, Energy and Buildings 51
(2012) 15–20.
[5] D.S. Kim, C.A. Ferreira, Solar refrigeration options – a
state-of-the-art review, International Journal of Energy
Research 31 (1) (2008) 3–16.
[6] R. Ali, G. El, Operational results of an intermittent
absorption cooling unit, International Journal of Energy
Research 26 (2002) 825–836.
 HVAC System for Shopping Mall
Author’s Profile:
Mohd Sohail, B.Tech student in the Mechanical
Engineering from Sri Visvesvaraya Institute of Technology
and Science, MBNR.

MD.Niyazuddin, B.Tech student in the Mechanical

Engineering from Sri Visvesvaraya Institute of Technology
and Science, MBNR.

Mohd Aleemuddin Ahme, B.Tech student in the

Mechanical Engineering from Sri Visvesvaraya Institute of
Technology and Science, MBNR.

Mohd Abdul Azeez, B.Tech student in the Mechanical

Engineering from Sri Visvesvaraya Institute of Technology
and Science, MBNR.

J. Pradeep Kumar,Asst. Professor Mechanical Engineering

from Sri Visvesvaraya Institute of Technology and Science,
MBNR.

International Journal of Advanced Technology and Innovative Research

Volume. 10, IssueNo.03, March-2018, Pages: 0391-0395