INSTITUTO TECNOLÓGICO SUPERIOR DE

ESCÁRCEGA

LIC. EN ADMINISTRACIÓN

Alumno: Aldair Martin Romero

Docente: Carolina del Pilar González Sánchez

Materia: Ingles II

Grupo: LAMC-2

Unidad: 3

Matricula: 200205049

Actividad: Investigación y ejercicios complementarios

Fecha de entrega: 07/07/2021

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THE PAST CONTINUOUS AND SIMPLE PAST

The past continuous and the past simple help us to show how two past actions or
situations are connected.

Past simple

The past simple shows us that an action was in the past, not in the present.
Regular past simple verbs have -ed at the end (e.g. called, played, arrived).
Irregular verbs have a different form, usually with a different vowel sound
(e.g. wake → woke, break → broke, feel → felt).

My parents called me yesterday.

I woke up early this morning.
Sam played basketball when he was at university.

We make the negative with didn't and the infinitive verb.

My parents didn't call me yesterday.

I didn't wake up early this morning.

We make the question form with did and then the subject and infinitive verb.

Did you wake up early this morning?

Did Sam play basketball when he was at university?

Past continuous

The past continuous shows us that the action was already in progress at a certain
time in the past.

What were you doing at 8 p.m. last night? I was studying.

This means that I started studying before 8 p.m. and I continued after 8 p.m.

The past continuous can also show that an activity was in progress for some time,
not just for a moment.

We were cleaning the house all morning.

We make the past continuous with was or were and the -ing form of the verb.

She couldn't come to the party. She was working.

Three years ago, we were living in my home town.

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I tried to give him some advice, but he wasn't listening.
What were you doing this time last year?

Past continuous and past simple

When we use these two tenses together, it shows us that the past simple action
happened in the middle of the past continuous action, while it was in progress.

While I was studying, I suddenly felt sleepy.

We often use these tenses to show an action interrupting another action.

I broke my leg when I was skiing.

As I was going to work, I saw an old friend.
We were watching television when the power went off.

Can you see a difference in the meaning of these two sentences?

When the guests arrived, Jane was cooking dinner.

When the guests arrived, Jane cooked dinner.

In the first one, Jane started cooking dinner before the guests arrived. We know
that because it uses the past continuous. In the second sentence, the guests
arrived first and then Jane started cooking.

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ENOUGH, NOT ENOUGH, TOO + ADJETIVE

Too and Enough

Too and enough indicate degree. They modify adjectives, adverbs, and nouns.

 Too means more than what is needed.

 Enough means sufficient.

Examples

 He is too old to play football with the kids.

 Dave is intelligent enough to do the write thing.
 You're not working fast enough 
 I don't have enough time. 
 He has too many friends.
 She has got too much patience

Use of too and enough

1.Enough comes after adjectives and adverbs:

ADJECTIVE + ENOUGH   or   ADVERB + ENOUGH

Examples:

He isn't old enough to watch this program. 

We're not walking quickly enough.

2.Enough may also precede nouns:

ENOUGH + NOUN

Examples:

We have enough money . 
I have not got enough money to buy this computer.

3.Too comes before adjectives and adverbs:

TOO + ADJECTIVES   or   TOO + ADVERBS

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Examples:

It's too hot to wear that coat. 

I was driving too fast.

4. Too may also come before nouns when it is used with the expressions too
much andtoo many.

a. Too much is used before uncountable nouns.

TOO MUCH + UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS

Example:

There is too much salt in this food.

b. Too many is used before countable nouns

TOO MANY + COUNTABLE NOUNS

Example:

There are too many students in this classroom.

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PAST PERFECT

Past perfect simple: I had seen Past simple: I saw

El pasado perfecto simple se usa para secuenciar eventos en el pasado para

mostrar qué evento sucedió primero

Compare

The La Past simple + past Pasado simple +

music started  música comenzó  simple: the music pasado simple: la
when the cuando started at the música comenzó al
curtains opened. se abrieron las same time as the mismo tiempo que
cortinas  curtains opened. se abrían las
cortinas

The La música había Past perfect simple Pasado perfecto

music had (alrea (ya) comenzó + past simple: the simple + pasado
dy) started when cuando las music started and simple: la música
the cortinas se then the curtains comenzó y luego
curtains opened. abrieron opened. se abrieron las
cortinas

The past simple often suggests a stronger connection between the time of the two
events.

Compare

When Cuando entró p Past simple + past Pasado simple +

she came thr or la puerta, simple: this pasado simple:
ough the todos gritaron : sentence shows esta oración
door, '¡Sorpresa! ¡Feli that as she came muestra que
everyone sho z cumpleaños!'. through the door, cuando ella entró
uted, everyone por la puerta,

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 ‘Surprise! immediately todos gritaron
Happy shouted ‘Surprise!’. inmediatamente '¡
Birthday!’. Sorpresa!' .

When Cuando hubo Past perfect simple + Pasado perfecto

she had leído todas las past simple: this simple + pasado
read all the tarjetas de sentence emphasises simple: esta
greetings felicitación, pron that she had finished oración enfatiza
cards, unció un breve reading the cards que ella había
she made a discurso de before she made her terminado de leer
short thank- agradecimiento. speech. las cartas antes de
you speech. pronunciar su
discurso

Funciones del "past perfect"

El "past perfect" hace referencia a un tiempo anterior al pasado reciente. Se

emplea para señalar que un evento ocurrió antes que otro en el pasado. No
importa cuál de los eventos se mencione primero, porque el tiempo verbal deja
claro el orden temporal en que acontecieron.

En estos ejemplos, el Evento A es el que primero ocurrió y el Evento B tuvo lugar

a continuación, es el más reciente:

Evento A Evento B
John had gone out when I arrived in the office.
Evento A Evento B
I had saved my before the computer crashed.
document
Evento B Evento A
When they arrived we had already started cooking.
Evento B Evento A
He was very tired because he hadn't slept well.

Formación del "past perfect"

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En inglés, el "past perfect" está compuesto por dos partes: el pasado del verbo to
have (had) + el "past participle" del verbo principal.

Sujeto +had +past participle

Afirmativa
She had given
Negativa
She hadn't asked.
Interrogativa
Had they arrived?
Interrogativa negativa
Hadn' you finished?
t

To decide, "past perfect"

Afirmativa Negativa Interrogativa

I had decided I hadn't decided Had I decided?
You had decided You hadn't decided Had you decided?
She had decided She hadn't decided Had she decided?
We had decided We hadn't decided Had we decided?
They had They hadn't decided Had they decided?
decided

"Past perfect" + just

'Just' se utiliza con el "past perfect" para referirse a un evento acontecido muy
poco antes de otro evento situado en el pasado, e.g.

 The train had just left when I arrived at the station.

 She had just left the room when the police arrived.
 I had just put the washing out when it started to rain.

HOW + ADJETIVE or ADVERB

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To ask "to what degree?" we can use how+adverb/adjective. In Spanish the
phrase may have to be reworded to include the noun with qué.
When it's an affirmitive sentence we can use lo+ adverb/adjective

E.g.
How fast is your new scooter? — ¿A qué velocidad puede ir tu moto nueva?
How good are you at golf? — ¿Cómo se te da el golf?
How hot was it? — ¿Cuánto calor hacía?
How wide is the road? — ¿Qué anchura tiene la carretera?
You don't understand how hard it is living with him — No entiendes lo difícil que
es vivir con él

HOW is an adverb which has many possibilities. First, it can modify the meaning of
several sorts of words. Today, we'll learn the different meanings it can have when it
modifies an adjective, or an adverb.
       
How old ...? 

1) To indicate a degree, a quantity, an age , some dimensions...

 deep => the depth => how deep?
  heavy =>  how heavy? 
  high => the height -> how high? 
  far =>  how far? 
  fast => quick => how fast? 
  many + countables => how many? 
  much + uncountables => how much?  
  old = aged => how old?  
  often => how often?                                                                                        
 wide => the width => how wide?

2) It may also be used with  all the adjectives: clear-sighted - important - lazy -

good - hard - difficult - tiring - tired - ....
  'How clear-sighted he is!...  = 'He's so clear-sighted! '
  'How lazy this boy is!...' = 'This boy is so lazy ...'
3) Used with an adjective or an adverb, HOW can introduce an exclamative form

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('How tired you are!') or an interrogative form : 'How tired are you?' Of course, the
order of the words (subject + verb or verb subject ) is then what will guide you!

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