5TH LEVEL TEENS GLOSSARY

We use SIMPLE PRESENT for:

 Repeated actions and daily routines: Every day, you make your body do lots of things.
 Permanent situations: He is a teacher.
 Laws of nature: Our body automatically does many things simultaneously.
 Timetables: The plane from Brussels arrives at 8.30.
 States or opinions: I think/ believe this is great!

We use PRESENT CONTINUOUS for:

 Actions taking place at the moment of speaking: Some modern homes are now using sophisticated
technology.
 Temporary actions: I’m looking for a plumber to repair my bathroom.
 Social plans: I’m meeting a friend this afternoon.

▪ for an action which happened at a ▪ for an action which was in progress

definite time in the past. The time is
stated, already known or implied:
In 1983 / Last year / When I was a student,
I met my husband.
▪ for actions which happened
immediately one after the other in
the past.
First, she paid the driver, then she got out
of the taxi.
▪ for past habits or states which are
now finished.
Kitchens were very different a hundred
years ago.
▪ for complete actions: the action
started and ended in the past.
I finished the book last night.
▪ for main events in narrative:
We walked into the office and closed the
door.
when another action interrupted it.
We use the past continuous for the
action in progress (longer action) and
the past simple for the action which
interrupted it (shorter action):
He was walking down the street when he
ran into an old friend.
▪ for two or more simultaneous past
actions:
She was talking on her mobile phone while
she was driving to work.
▪ to describe the atmosphere, setting,
background in the introduction to a
story before we describe the main
events.
One beautiful autumn afternoon, Ben was
strolling down a quiet country lane. The
birds were singing and the leaves were
rustling in the breeze.

• THE RESULTATIVE PAST: There is a strong link between the present and the past. Through the
action happened before now, we are more concerned with the present result. We are more
interested in the result of the action than in the action itself. “The car is working well now. Tom
has repaired it”.
• The action has finished recently and that’s why we see the result now. “Somebody has smoked
all my cigarettes.” (The box is emptied now).
• THE UNFINISHED USE: The period of time is not finished. The action began in the past and has
continued until “now” (Present time) “Ann has lived in London for six years” (she still lives there).
• EXPERIENCE: To describe personal experiences. “I’m not afraid of traveling by plane. In fact, I
have traveled by plane many times”.
• THE INDEFINITE PAST: We don’t mention when because it’s not important or because we don’t
know. “We have been to Europe several times”.
• CHANGES: When you want to show that things have changed recently. They are different now.
“She has put on weight.”

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 5TH LEVEL TEENS GLOSSARY

• When we need to make it clear that an event took place before another past event. “When dad
arrived home, mum had already cooked dinner”.

• INCOMPLETE ACTION: to talk about an action that is not completed. “I’ve been waiting to see
him since 10 o’clock” (I’m still waiting).
• EMPHASIS ON DURATION: to describe an action which started in the past and continues in the
present. It emphasizes the duration of the action. “Ann has been writing letters all day”.

the train TIMETABLES/ PROGRAMMES

arrives at 6
tomorrow
he is meeting FIXED PLANS OR ARRANGEMEN TS IN THE NEAR FUTURE We have arranged to do
her at 7 this something with somebody at a place and time. Ex: “We are meeting at the café.
evening Won’t you join us?”
1-PREDICTION WITH STRONG EVIDENCE After looking at what is happening now Ex:
I am going to Look out! We are going to hit the car in front
take up 2-PERSONAL PLAN AND INTENTIONS We have already decided something in our
Medicine minds without necessarily discussing it with others. Ex: “I am going to take up Law
when I leave high school”.
1-A DECISION TAKEN AT THE MOMENT OF SPEAKING Ex: “I am tired. I will go and get
some coffee.”
2-GENERAL PREDICTION It is distant future so you don’t have clear evidence. It is also
she will be a used for scientific facts. Ex: cars will fly in the year 2010. 3-OFFERS Ex: “Shall I help
doctor you to do your homework? (Shall is used in the question and for I and WE only) I will
uses help you to do your homework.”
TIMETABLE 4-SUGGESTIONS AND INVITATIONS Ex: “Shall we go to the movies tonight?”
5-PROMISES Ex: “I will never sit for an exam without studying again. It was silly of
me.”
6-TRHEATS Ex: “I will tell her if you continue cheating on her.”

We use “be used to” for something that is not difficult or strange now because you’ve done it many times. It is followed by
gerunds.
We use “get used to” to talk about things becoming more familiar. It is followed by gerunds.

▪ It is used to describe past habits or states. A time expression is not necessary. ▪ It is used to describe a person`s
▪ it is used to suggest that the action is no longer true and so make a strong typical activities in the past. It
contrast with the present. can only be used to describe
“I used to play tennis when I was at school”. (repeated past action). repeated actions, not states. It is
“We used to live in London when I was young.” (state). mainly used in writing.
▪ Usually, we can replace used to with the past simple without changing the
meaning of the sentence. “When we were young, my sister and
“I played tennis when I was at school. We lived in London when I was young.” I would fight all the time.”

▪ ADJECTIVE or ADVERB too long/noisy; not good/fast enough.

▪ NOUN too much wine/many people; not enough people/food

Too… (for sby) to do sth / Not…enough

NOTES Enough comes after adjectives and adverbs, but before nouns.
Too always goes in a pre-position.

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 5TH LEVEL TEENS GLOSSARY

1. Comparative Structures of Adjectives

X is “more dangerous/safer” than Y Y isn’t as “dangerous/safe” as X.

2.Comparative Structures of Adverbs

He writes faster/more neatly than I do.

NOTES: Adverbs that add –ly form the comparative with more (e.g.: more quickly). Adverbs that are the
same as adjectives add –er (e.g.: faster, earlier)

wellbetter is irregular

3. Irregular Comparatives

Good-better-the best/Bad-worse-the worst/Far-farther-the farthest/Little-less-the least.

4. Superlatives

(1 or 2 syllables)
(more than 2 syllables)
- Two–syllable adjectives ending in „y‟, you drop the „y‟ and you add ‘iest’
happy the happiest / heavy the heaviest
- One–syllable adjective ending in „vowel + consonant’, you double the last
consonant + ‘est’
fat the fattest / big the biggest
ADJ + EST
cheap = the cheapest
THE+ MOST + ADJ
interesting = the most interesting
THEY CHANGE THEIR FORM
good = the best

Sujeto + verbo auxiliar (to be) + participio pasado…

1. Usamos la voz pasiva cuando no sabemos quién ha realizado la acción. “A civilian has been killed.”
“The car was stolen.”
2. Usamos la voz pasiva cuando queremos dar más importancia a lo que pasó, que a quién realizó la
acción o cuando no queremos decir quien la realizó. “The letter was delivered yesterday.”

1)PEOPLE AND RELATIONSHIPS:

▪ Extended family: a family unit which includes all your family.

▪ Half-brother/sister: a brother/sister who is the son/daughter of only one of your parents.
▪ Large family: with many members.
▪ Nuclear family: a family consisting of two parents and their children, but not including aunts, uncles,
grandparents, etc.
▪ Only child: a child who has no sisters or brothers.
▪ Stepbrother/sister: not your parents‟ son/daughter, but the son/daughter of a person that one of
your parents has married.
▪ To adopt: to take another person’s child into your own family and legally raise him/her as your own
child.

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 5TH LEVEL TEENS GLOSSARY

▪ To be lonely: unhappy because you are not with other people.

▪ To be/ get divorced: to end your marriage by an official or legal process.
▪ To get on (well) with: to have a good relationship.
▪ To remarry: to marry again.
▪ To spoil: to allow a child to behave the way he/she wants to, usually so that he/she becomes selfish
and lacking in care and respect for other people.

2)ADJECTIVES:

▪ Amusing: entertaining.
▪ Arrogant: unpleasantly proud and behaving as if you are more important than, or know more than,
other people.
▪ Bossy: describes someone who is always telling people what to do.
▪ Cheeky: slightly rude or showing no respect, but often in a funny way.
▪ Childish: If an adult is childish, they behave badly in a way that would be expected of a child.
▪ Clumsy: describes someone who often has accidents because they do not behave in a careful,
controlled way.
▪ Competitive: wanting very much to win or be more successful than other people.
▪ down-to–earth: practical and sensible.
▪ easygoing: relaxed and not easily upset or worried.
▪ fussy: not easily satisfied; having very high standards or very fixed standards about particular thing
▪ generous: willing to give money, help, kindness, etc., especially more than is usual or expected
▪ Loyal: firm and not changing in your friendship with or support for a person or an organization, or in
your belief in your principles.
▪ mean: not willing to give or share things, especially money.
▪ Pushy: behaving in an unpleasant way by trying too much to get something or to make someone do
something.
▪ self-confident: behaving calmly because you have no doubts about your ability or knowledge.
▪ Selfish: Someone who is selfish only thinks of their own advantage
▪ Spiteful: a person who has a feeling of anger towards someone that makes a person want to annoy,
upset or hurt them, especially in a small way
▪ Wise: having or showing the ability to make good judgments, based on a deep understanding and
experience of life

3) PHRASAL VERBS: UP

▪ Make up: to invent (a story)

▪ Turn up: to arrive unexpectedly
▪ Come up: to appear unexpectedly
▪ Think up: (an idea) to create
▪ Bring up: (a subject) to mention it in a conversation

4) TRAVELLING

▪ journey: the time spent and the distance covered in going from one place to another.
▪ trip: a short journey in which you spend only a short time and then come back.
▪ to travel: to go from one place to another to lose: to no longer possess something because you do
not know where it is, or because it has been taken away from you
▪ to miss: not arrive in time
▪ to get into / out of: a car, a taxi
▪ to get on / off: a bus, a plane, a motorbike, a train or boat
▪ cabin: where you sleep on a ship taxi
▪ rank: where you find taxis waiting for passengers
▪ fare: how much you have to pay for a ticket

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 5TH LEVEL TEENS GLOSSARY

▪ airline: a company that flies passengers by plane underground: a system of trains in tunnels in a
large city
▪ platform: where you stand to wait for a train
▪ terminal: a building for passengers at an airport
▪ ferry: a boat for crossing a river, a channel
▪ coach: bus that runs between towns and cities double-decker
▪ bus: having two levels express
▪ train: train that moves very fast jet
▪ plane: plane with a very powerful engine

5) PHRASAL VERBS: GO

▪ to go away: to leave a place; to leave your home in order to spend time somewhere else, usually for
a holiday
▪ to go back: to return
▪ to go down with (also come down with sth): to start to suffer from an infectious disease
▪ to go down: to reduce; get lower
▪ to go off: to explode; (a warning device / an alarm clock) to start to ring loudly or make a loud noise
▪ to go on: to continue or move to the next thing
▪ to go out: to have a romantic relationship with someone
▪ to go over sth: to examine or look at something in a careful or detailed way
▪ to go through sth: to experience a difficult or unpleasant situation
▪ to go up: to rise to move higher, rise or increase

6)JOBS & WORK

▪ Accountant: someone who keeps or examines the records of money received, paid and owed by a
company or person
▪ Applicant: a person who formally requests something, especially a job, or a place at college or
university
▪ Candidate: a person who is competing to get a job or elected position
▪ Career: the job or series of jobs that you do during your working life, especially if you continue to
get better jobs and earn more money
▪ Challenge: something needing great mental or physical effort in order to be done successfully and
which therefore tests a person's ability
▪ Charity: a system of giving money, food or help free to those who are in need because they are ill,
poor or homeless, or any organization which is established to provide money or help in this way
▪ Civil engineer: someone whose job is to plan and build public buildings, roads, bridges, etc.
▪ Civil servant: a person who works in the Civil Service
▪ Employer: a person or organization that employs people
▪ Expenses: money that you spend when you are doing your job, that your employer will pay back to
you
▪ Full-time job: done for the whole of a working week
▪ Insurance: an agreement in which you pay a company money and they pay your costs if you have an
accident, injury, etc.
▪ Interview: a meeting in which someone asks you questions to see if you are suitable for a job or
course
▪ Labourer: a person who does unskilled physical work, especially outside
▪ Miner: a person who works in a mine
▪ On strike: taking part in a strike (to refuse to continue working because of an argument with an
employer about working conditions, pay levels or job losses)
▪ Overtime: beyond the usual time needed or expected in a job Part-time job: If you work part-time
or do part-time work, you work for only some of the day or the week
▪ Post: a job in a company or organization

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 5TH LEVEL TEENS GLOSSARY

▪ Qualification: an official record showing that you have finished a training course or have the
necessary skills, etc. / an ability, characteristic or experience that makes you suitable for a particular
job or activity
▪ Quality: a characteristic or feature of someone or something
▪ Sales rep: someone who travels to different places trying to persuade people to buy their
company's products or services
▪ Sleep like a log: to sleep very well
▪ Store: a large shop where you can buy many different types of goods
▪ To apply for: to request something, usually officially, especially by writing or sending in a form
▪ To earn: to receive money as payment for work that you do
▪ To employ: to have someone work or do a job for you and pay them for it
▪ To get the sack: to dismiss someone from a job, usually because they have done something wrong
or badly, or sometimes as a way of saving the cost of employing them
▪ To manage: to be responsible for controlling or organizing someone or something especially a
business
▪ To promote: to raise someone to a higher or more important position or rank
▪ To request: when you politely or officially ask for something
▪ To retire: to leave your job or stop working because of old age or ill health
▪ Training: the process of learning the skills you need to do a particular job or activity
▪ Vacancy: a job that no one is doing and is therefore available for someone new to do Work like a
dog: to work very hard Work your fingers to the bone: to work extremely hard, especially for a long
time

7) TELEVISION PROGRAMMES

▪ Chat show/ talk show: an informal television or radio programme on which famous people are asked
questions about themselves and their work
▪ Documentary: film or television or radio programme that gives facts and information about a subject
▪ Game show: television programme where people score points by answering questions or doing things
▪ Sitcom (situation comedy): an amusing television or radio show in which the same characters appear in
each programme in a different story
▪ Soap opera: a series of television or radio programmes about the lives and problems of a particular
group of characters.
▪ Cameraman: a person who operates a camera when films or television programmes are being made
▪ Contestant: someone who competes in a contest
▪ Newsreader: someone who reads out the reports on a television or radio news programme
▪ Presenter: someone who introduces a television or radio show
▪ Producer: a person who makes the practical and financial arrangements needed to make a film, play,
television or radio programme
▪ Viewer: a person who watches something, especially television

PHRASAL VERBS (ON)

▪ To carry on: to continue

▪ To get on with: to have a good relationship
▪ To grow on: to become more attractive to you after some time
▪ To log on: to connect to the Internet
▪ To put on: to broadcast on TV
▪ To turn on: to start something working

IDIOMS: THE MEDIA

▪ Couch potato: a person who watches a lot of television and does not have an active style of life
▪ Front-page news: describes information that is so important that it deserves to be printed on the
front page of a newspaper

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 5TH LEVEL TEENS GLOSSARY

▪ Hit the headlines: to appear in the news suddenly or receive a lot of attention in news reports
▪ On the air: be broadcast at a particular time
▪ On the spot: at the place where an event is happening or has recently happened

CRIME

▪ Burgle: entrar y hurtar

▪ Hijack: tomar control de vehículo/avión.
▪ Kidnap: secuestrar a alguien ilegalmente utilizando fuerza para obtener dinero a cambio.
▪ Pick Pocket: robar de las carteras.
▪ Shoplift: tomar mercaderías de locales sin pagar.
▪ Rob: robarle a una persona/organización/lugar plata utilizando violencia.
▪ Set fire: comenzar un incendio para destruir lugares.
▪ Smuggle: sacar cosas secretamente o ilegalmente de un lugar.
▪ Murder: matar a una persona.

Story 1 Three is a Lucky Number

Ronald Torbay has met and married Edyth, a 43-year-old woman, alone in the world, with a lot of
money. He plans to murder her and make it look like an accident, as he has done with two previous
wives. Edyth becomes suspicious and alerts the police. She escapes and the police arrive to arrest
Ronald.

Story 2 Full Circle

Kinsey Millhone, a private detective, witnesses an accident on the freeway that turns out to be a
murder. She investigates and discovers the identity of the murderer. But in his attempt to escape, the
killer crashes his car and dies in the same spot where he committed the murder.

Story 3 How’s Your Mother?

Humphrey Partridge pretends that he is living with his elderly mother so that people will leave him
alone. The police believe he has murdered his mother for her money, and they arrest him, but when
they cannot find a body, he is released. Hearing that he has won a lot of money, his mother appears and
he really does kill her. He confesses his crime to the police, but this time they do not believe him.

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