PORTFOLIO 

ENGLISH
LANGUAGE

Celmare Ioan
GRAMMAR
Present Simple
◦ Aff.: SB + VB. (3 rd pers. Sg. +-s, -es)
▪ I sing/ she sings (verbs ending in –s, -x, -sh, -ch get –es )
▪ I catch / he catches
▪ You blush/ she blushes
◦ Neg.: SB + DON’T/DOESN’T (3 rd pers.sg.) + VB. (infinitive)
▪ They don’t study enough.
▪ Tom doesn’t play soccer very well.
◦ Interr.: DO/ DOES + SB + VB. (infinitive)
▪ What do you do for a living?
▪  Where does Mary go when she has a day off?
 ◦ 1. to express eternal/general truths, or to make
statements of general validity
Ex.: Ice melts in the sun.
The earth revolves around the sun.
◦ 2. to express repeated, habitual, permanent actions
Examples: (with adverbs such as every day/week/year etc.,
never, occasionally, often, sometimes, seldom,
twice a week, usually)
Ex.: We go to school every morning.
Father smokes too much.
They always ask for more information.
 ◦ 3. In Direct Speech, to introduce quotations
Ex.: The psychologist says: “We are prisoners of our human nature”
◦ 4. In step-by-step instructions or demonstrations (recipes, prescriptions
etc.)
Ex.: First, I take the tomatoes and slice them, then I fry the onion in a little
fat.
If you want to get to the post office you need to take the first street on the

Examples:
right, then go straight ahead and take the next left.
◦ 5. In sports commentaries (quicker actions which are finished before the
sentences that describe them)
Ex.: The goal-keeper passes to Maradona, but Hagi intercepts; Hagi to
Lacatus and he shoots and it’s a goal! Nastase serves! (this very moment)
◦ 6. To express an officially planned action or an action belonging to a
settled programme
Ex.: The championship starts next Saturday.
School begins on September 15 th and ends on June 15 th .
 ◦ 7. To express a future action
◦ *  In a conditional clause
Ex.: If your cousin comes here tomorrow, we’ll go to the cinema.
◦ * In a time clause whose action is simultaneous with another future action
Ex.: Tom will like English grammar when he understands it.
◦ 8. In proverbs, sayings
Ex.: Despair gives courage to a coward.

Examples: An apple a day keeps the doctor away.

◦ 9. In exclamatory sentences beginning with here/there
Ex.: Here they come!
There goes the train.
◦ 10. With the verb to continue and its equivalents (to go on, to keep on) as they
contain in themselves the idea of continuity
Ex.: The children continue to write.
The students go on reading.
 ◦ Aff.: SB. + TO BE (am/is/are) + VB – ing
▪ We are playing the guitar.
▪ He is writing an essay.
▪ I am expecting someone for dinner.
Present ◦ Neg.: SB. + TO BE NOT (am not/ aren’t/ isn’t) + VB.-ing
▪ I’m not wandering all day long.
Continous ▪ They aren’t/They’re not witnessing a murder.
◦ Interr.: TO BE (am/is/are) + SB. + VB – ing
▪ Why is he waiting in the hallway?
▪ Are you still attending night classes?
 ◦ 1. To express an action in progress at the moment of speaking
Ex.: The sun is shining in the sky now.
Maria is working at the moment.
◦ 2. To express a temporary action
Ex.: We usually go to work by bus, but today we are going by cab.
We never read books in English, but this year we are reading five books.
◦ 3. To express a frequent repetition of an activity which has a distinct
meaning of annoyance, irritation, sarcasm. In this case the verbs are
usually combined with adverbs as: usually, always, constantly,

Examples: continually, for ever

Ex.: He is always borrowing money from his friends but never gives it
back.
Why are the children being so noisy today?
▪ Note: With verbs expressing physical feelings (to ache, to feel, to hurt,
etc.) and the construction to look forward to there is no great
difference between simple and continuous forms
Ex.: How do you feel/are you feeling today?
My finger aches/is aching.
We look forward/are looking forward to their arrival.
 ◦ 4. In sports commentaries, when used for longer activities)
Ex.: Nastase is serving in the game we are watching now. (the service
is a continuing activity
◦ 5. To express a definite arrangement in the near future (the most
usual way to present somebody’s immediate plans)
Ex.: What are you doing tomorrow?
◦ 6. To express futurity, especially with verbs of movement such as
to come, to arrive, to go, to leave.
Examples: Ex.: Our friends are arriving tomorrow.
He is going to London on Friday.
◦ 7. Sometimes, in subordinate clauses of time or condition (when
the action in the subordinate clause is in progress at the moment
of speaking)
Ex.: The boy will play in the park while his mother is making a cake.
I will not disturb her if she is watching TV.
 ◦ 8. If the statements are not exclamatory, the
continuous aspect must be used.
Ex.: The train is going now.
◦ 9. When to go on means to happen, the
continuous aspect must be used
Examples: Ex.: What is going on here?
◦ 10. With the verbs to get/ to grow to express
a transition from one state to another.
Ex.: It is getting dark.
Our parents are growing older and older.
Present Perfect Simple
◦ Form:
◦ Aff: SB+ have/has + vb.III/ed
◦ Neg: SB+haven’t/hasn’t+vb.III/ed
◦ Int: Have/has+SB+vbIII/ed
◦ Use:
◦ 1. She has lost her wallet.
◦ She lost her wallet yesterday morning.
◦ 2. You have eaten two pizzas today.
◦ I have run 10 miles this week.
 ◦ I have already been there. / Have you finished already/yet?
◦ I haven’t ordered a tea yet. (I have yet not ordered/ I have yet
to order)
◦ She has just finished her homework.
◦ I haven’t been there lately.
◦  She has always liked rock music.

Adv.: ◦ They have never missed/skipped school.

◦ He has won three competitions till now/until now/so far.
◦ We have learnt a lot recently.
◦ Have you been there before?
◦ Have you ever played hockey?
◦ He has almost never / hardly ever / scarcely ever made such a
huge mistake.
Present Perfect Continous
◦ Form: ◦ Use:
◦ Aff: SB+ have/has been+vb-ing ◦ 1. You have beeneating pizza for 10
◦ Neg: Sb+haven’t/hasn’tbeen+vb-ing minutes.

◦ Int: Have/Has +SB been+vb-ing ◦ I have been running since 3 o’clock.

Past Perfect Simple
◦ Form: aff. SB + had + vb. III/-ed
◦ Neg. SB + hadn’t + vb. III/-ed
◦ Interr. Had + SB + vb. III/-ed
◦  I had finished my homework by 5 pm last
night. – past action which takes place
before another past moment
◦  Before I went out I had washed the
dishes.
◦  I bought the car after I had checked all
the prices. - past action which takes place
before another past action
Past Perfect Continous
◦ Form: aff. SB + had been + vb.-ing
◦ Neg. SB + hadn’t been + vb.-ing
◦ Interr. Had + SB + been + vb.-ing
◦ I had been watching TV for half an hour
when you arrived. – past action which
begins before another past
moment/action and continues in that
moment too
Present Perfect vs. Past Tense
Present Perfect Past Tense

◦ 1. I last saw you a month ago. ◦ 1. It’s/it’s been a month since I saw you.
I haven’t seen you for a month. ◦ 2. It’s a year since we saw a horror movie.
◦ 2. We haven’t seen a horror movie for a
year.
We saw a horror movie a year ago.
 ◦ SHALL – invitation (Shall we go out tonight?
Yes, let’s.)
- official instructions (Students shall not
use dictionaries during the examination)
- asking for opinion (Shall I open the window?)
◦ WILL – decision taken in the moment of
Future speaking (I will have spaghetti and cheese.)
Simple (shall/will - prediction based on what we know, believe
about sth./sb. (Tom will win this competition. He
+vb.infinitive) always does.)
- polite request (Will you help me carry this
suitcase?)
- promise (I will not be late tomorrow.)
- refusal (present / future) I have asked Tom to
help me but he won’t.
 Future ◦ Action in progress in a certain moment
Continuous in the future

(will be + e.g.: Tomorrow at 3 p.m. I’ll be meeting

some important people.
vb.ing)
 Future
Perfect ◦ action which takes place up to a certain
moment in the future
Simple (will e.g.: I’ll have finished reading the book
have + by 3 pm tomorrow.

vb.III/ed)
 Future
Perfect ◦ action which begins before a certain

Continuous moment in the future and continues in

that moment also
(will have e.g.: Tomorrow at 3pm I’ll have been
eating for half an hour.
been +
vb.ing)
VOCABULARY
Relationships
◦ Break up - If a marriage breaks up or two people in a romantic relationship break up, their marriage or their relationship ends
◦ Fall out - to argue with someone and stop being friendly with them
◦ Get back together - to talk to someone again, usually on the phone, in order to give them some information or because you were
not able to speak to them before
◦ Get on with - to start or continue doing something, especially work
◦ Let down - to disappoint someone by failing to do what you agreed to do or were expected to do
◦ Look after - to take care of or be in charge of someone or something
◦ Put up with - to accept or continue to accept an unpleasant situation or experience, or someone who behaves unpleasantly
◦ Ran into - to meet someone you know when you are not expecting to
◦ Stand by - to continue to support or help someone who is in a difficult situation
◦ Take after - to be similar to an older member of your family in appearance or character
◦ Go along with - to support an idea, or to agree with someone's opinion

◦ Look up to - admire and respect someone
Jobs and Work
Convenient - suitable for your purposes and needs and causing the least difficulty

Suitable - acceptable or right for someone or something

Interview - a meeting in which someone asks you questions to see if you are suitable for a job or course

Interrogation - a process of asking someone a lot of questions for a long time in order to get information, sometimes using threats or violence

Education - the process of teaching or learning, especially in a school or college, or the knowledge that you get from this

Qualification - an official record showing that you have finished a training course or have the necessary skills, etc.

Notice - (a board, piece of paper, etc. containing) information or instructions

Advertisement - a picture, short film, song, etc. that tries to persuade people to buy a product or service, or a piece of text that tells people about a job, etc.

Overtime - (time spent working) after the usual time needed or expected in a job

Flextime - a system of working in which people work a set number of hours within a fixed period of time, but can change the time they start or finish work

 Jobs and Work
Recruit - to persuade someone to work for a company or become a new member of an organization, especially the army

Apply - to request something, usually officially, especially in writing or by sending in a form

Employee - someone who is paid to work for someone else

Trainee - a person who is learning and practising the skills of a particular job

Make her redundant - (especially of a word, phrase, etc.) unnecessary because it is more than is needed

Notice - to see or become conscious of something or someone

Resign - to give up a job or position by telling your employer that you are leaving

Salary - a fixed amount of money agreed every year as pay for an employee, usually paid directly into his or her bank account every month

Wage - a particular amount of money that is paid, usually every week, to an employee, especially one who does work that needs physical skills or strength, rather than

a job needing a college education
Perk - an advantage or something extra, such as money or goods, that you are given because of your job

Pay rise - an increase in the amount of money you earn for doing your job

 Ambitious - having a strong wish to be successful, powerful, or rich

Careful - giving a lot of attention to what you are doing so that you do not have an accident,
make a mistake, or damage something

Considerate - kind and helpful

Imaginative - new, original, and clever

Punctual - arriving, doing something, or happening at the expected, correct time; not late

Personal Reliable - Someone or something that is reliable can be trusted or believed because he, she,
or it works or behaves well in the way you expect

Qualities Team-player - someone who is good at working closely with other people

Trustworthy - able to be trusted

Accountant - someone who keeps or examines the records of money received, paid,

and owed by a company or person

Bank clerk - an employee of a bank who deals with customers, receives and pays out money,

etc.

Computer programmer- programmer
 Graphic designer - someone who works in graphic design (=
the designing of pictures and text for books, magazines, advertising, etc.)

Nurse - (the title given to) a person whose job is to care for people who

are ill or injured, especially in a hospital

Personal
Qualities Salesman - a man whose job is selling things in a shop or directly to customers

Teacher - someone whose job is to teach in a school or college

 ◦ Organise - Organisation
◦ Study - Students
◦ Child - Children
Word ◦ Qualify - Qualifications

Formation ◦ Able - Ability

◦ Apply - Application
◦ Success - Successful
◦ Refer - References
Sport and Free Time
Game - an entertaining activity or sport, especially one played by children, or the equipment needed for such an activity

Violin - a wooden musical instrument with four strings that is held against the neck and played by moving a bow across the strings

Hobby - an activity that someone does for pleasure when they are not working

Pass the time - to do something to keep busy while waiting

Hit - to move your hand or an object onto the surface of something so that it touches it, usually with force

Scored - to win or get a point, goal, etc. in a competition, sport, or game

Beat - to manage to defeat someone who is attacking you

Court - an area drawn out on the ground that is used for playing sports such as tennis and basketball

Won - to achieve first position and/or get a prize in a competition, election, fight, etc.

Fan - someone who admires and supports a person, sport, sports team, etc.

Supporters - someone who supports a particular idea, group, or person

Sports and Free Time

Board Games - any of many games, for example chess, in which small pieces are moved around on a board with a pattern on it

Play against - to encourage one person or group to compete or argue with another, hoping to gain some advantage from this situation

Practice - action rather than thought or ideas 

Archery - the art or sport of shooting arrows

Bowling - a game played inside, in which you roll a heavy ball down a track to try to knock down a group of pins (= tall, thin wooden objects)

Boxing - a sport in which two competitors fight by hitting each other with their hands

Chess - a game played by two people on a square board, in which each player has 16 pieces that can be moved on the board in different ways

Golf - a game played outside on grass in which each player tries to hit a small ball into a series of nine or 18 small holes, using a long, thin stick

Sports and Free Time
Karate - a sport, originally from Japan, in which people fight using their arms, legs, hands, and feet. The level of skill a person has is shown by
what colour belt they wear.

Sailing - the sport or activity of using boats with sails

Tennis - a game played between two or four people on a special playing area that involves hitting a small ball across a central net using a racket

Backgammon - a game for two people in which you throw dice and move circular pieces around a special board with a pattern of narrow triangles

Badminton - a sport in which two or four people hit a shuttlecock (= a light object with feathers) over a high net

Ball - any object in the shape of a sphere, especially one used as a toy by children or in various sports such as tennis and football

Bat - a specially shaped piece of wood used for hitting the ball in some games

Court - an area drawn out on the ground that is used for playing sports such as tennis and basketball

Sports and Free Time
Darts - a game in which darts are thrown at a circular board. The number of points won depends on where the darts land on
the board

Field - an area of land, used for growing crops or keeping animals, usually surrounded by a fence

Puck - a small, hard rubber disc that is used instead of a ball in ice hockey

Racket - an object used for hitting the ball in various sports, consisting of a net fixed tightly to a round frame with a long handle

Shuttlecock - a small, light object with a rounded end to which real or artificial feathers are fixed, that is hit over the net in

the game of badminton

Soccer - a game played between two teams of eleven people, where each team tries to win by kicking a ball into the other

team's goal

Tennis - a game played between two or four people on

a special playing area that involves hitting a small ball across a central net using a racket
 Glossary

Orphan: a child whose parents have died

Drought: a long period when it doesn't rain and there isn't enough water for plants or animals
Formula: dried milk for babies
Grieve: to feel very sad after the death of someone close
Breakthrough: a sudden important development or discovery
Herd: a large group of animals such as elephants or cows
Adrenaline: the substance that makes your heart beat faster when you are excited or are in danger
Propeller: the metal object that turns quickly in the water to make the boat move along
Shallow: the opposite of deep
Thrill: a strong feeling of excitement
Nestling: in a sheltered position
 Spooky: frightening and supernatural, to
do with ghosts or spirits
Gangly: someone who has long arms or
legs
Jack-o-lantern – an old-fashioned light
with a  candle inside
Glossary Churchyard: the cemetery around a
church where dead people were buried
Clattering: the loud noise made by a hard
object
Hooves: the hard horny part of a horse's
feet
 ◦ Breed - to keep animals for the purpose of producing young animals in
a controlled way

◦ Cage - a space surrounded on all sides by bars or wire, in

which animals or birds are kept

◦ Endangered - in danger of being harmed, lost, unsuccessful, etc.

◦ Extinction - a situation in which something no longer exists

◦ Habitat - the natural environment in which an animal or plant usually lives

Nature and ◦ Instinct - the way people or animals naturally react or behave, without having

to think or learn about it

Animals
◦ Pet - an animal that is kept in the home as a companion and treated kindly

◦ Prey - an animal that is hunted and killed for food by another animal

◦ Safari - an organized journey to look at, or
sometimes hunt, wild animals, especially in Africa

◦ Tame - (especially of animals) not wild or dangerous, either naturally or

because of training or long involvement with humans

◦ Train - to prepare someone or yourself for a job, activity, or sport,

by learning skills and/or by mental or physical exercise

◦ Wild - uncontrolled, violent, or extreme

 ◦ Keen on - very interested, eager, or wanting (to do)
something very much
◦ Aware of - knowing that something exists, or
having knowledge or experience of a particular thing
◦ Famous for - known and recognized by many people
◦ Allergic to - having an allergy to something
◦ Fed up with - bored, annoyed, or disappointed, especially by
something that you have experienced for too long

Nature and ◦ Interested in - wanting to give your attention to something

and discover more about it

Animals ◦ Passed away - to die

◦ Let down - to cause someone to be disappointed, often
because you have failed to do what you promised
◦ Come across - to behave in a way that
makes people believe that you have
a particular characteristic
◦ Looking forward to - to feel pleased and excited about
something that is going to happen
 ◦ Live off - to use someone or something
to provide the money or food that you need to live

◦ Look down on - to think that you are better than someone

◦ Watch out - the activity of watching carefully and looking for someone

or something

◦ End up - to finally be in a particular place or situation

◦ Go through - If a law, plan, or deal goes through, it

Nature and is officially accepted or approved

◦ Carried out - to do or complete something, especially that you have

said you would do or that you have been told to do

Animals ◦ Come up with - to suggest or think of an idea or plan

◦ Took everyone in - to take care of someone

and provide a place in your home for them

◦ Hold on - to make yourself continue to do what you are doing

or stay where you are although it is difficult or unpleasant

◦ Found out - to discover, especially where a thing or person is,

either unexpectedly or by searching, or to discover where to get or how
to achieve something
Speaking Points of
View
◦ Giving opinions
I think/believe … (that)
As I see it …
From my point of view …
In my opinion … 
As far as I'm concerned … 
◦ Agreeing and disagreeing
I (quite/totally) agree (with) …
Absolutely …
◦ Giving someone else's point of view
Marcus says …
Antonia thinks …
Speaking Points of View
◦ Disagreeing
Yes, but … 
I don't/can't agree …
I (completely/totally) disagree …
◦ Acknowledging what the other person says
I hear/understand what you're saying but …
I understand/respect your point of view but …
I can see where you're coming from, but …
I see your point, but …
I suppose so/I suppose (Terry) is right.
That's true but ...
Word Formation
◦ Compete - Competitive
◦ Rival – Rivalry
◦ Use - Useless
◦ Contest - Contestants
◦ Intelligent - Intelligence
◦ Recognise - Recognition
◦ Friend - Friendships
◦ Difficult - Difficulty
◦ Satisfy - Satisfaction
 ◦ Chapter - any of the separate parts into which a book or
other piece of text is divided, usually given
a number or title
◦ Character - a person represented in a film, play, or story
◦ Classic - a piece of writing, a musical recording, or
a film that is well known and of a
high standard and lasting value
◦ Episode - one of the single parts into which
Books and a story is divided, especially when it is broadcast on
the television or radio

Films ◦ Fiction - the type of book or story that is written

about imaginary characters and events and
not based on real people and facts
◦ Heroine - a woman who is admired for having done
something very brave or
having achieved something great
◦ Location - a place away from a studio where all or part of
a film or a television show is recorded
 ◦ Mythology - myths in general
◦ Narrator - he character who tells you what is happening in
a book or film
◦ Novel
- a long printed story about imaginary characters and events
◦ Novelist - a person who writes novels

Books and ◦ Playwright - a person who writes plays

◦ Plot - the story of a book, film, play, etc.

Films ◦ Scene - a part of a play or film in which the action stays in

one place for a continuous period of time
◦ Scenery - the general appearance of
the natural environment, especially when it is beautiful
◦ Script - the words of a film, play, broadcast, or speech
◦ Serial - a story on television or radio or in a newspaper, etc. that
is broadcast or printed in separate parts
 ◦ Set - If a story, film, etc. is set in
a particular time or place, the action in it happens in
that time or place
◦ Villain  - a character in a book, play, film, etc.
who harms other people
◦ One thing leads to another - If one thing leads to
another, there is a series of events in which

Books and each event was caused by the previous one

◦ Make a big thing of it - to give something too

Films much importance
◦ All things considered - Someone might say that
something is good all things considered to mean it
was generally good although the situation was
not perfect
◦ Do your own thing - to do what
you want without worrying about what
anyone else thinks of you
 ◦ Gasp - to take a short, quick breath through
the mouth, especially because of surprise, pain, or shock
◦ Stare - to look for a long time with
the eyes wide open, especially when surprised, frightened, or thinking
◦ Glance - to give a quick short look
◦ Sip - to drink, taking only a very small amount at a time
◦ Sigh
Descriptive - to breathe out slowly and noisily, expressing tiredness, sadness, plea
sure, etc.

Verbs ◦ Gaze - to look at something or someone for

a long time, especially in surprise or admiration, or because you
are thinking about something else
◦ Slurp - to drink a liquid noisily as a result of sucking air into
the mouth at the same time as the liquid
◦ Giggle - to laugh repeatedly in a quiet but uncontrolled way, often at
something silly or rude or when you are nervous
◦ Staggered - very shocked or surprised
 ◦ Gulp - to eat or drink food or liquid quickly by swallowing it
in large amounts, or to make a swallowing movement because
of fear, surprise, or excitement

Descriptive ◦ Glare - a long, angry look

◦ Stroll - to walk in a slow relaxed way, especially for pleasure
Verbs ◦ Snigger - to laugh at someone or something in a silly and
often unkind way
◦ Limp - to walk slowly and with difficulty because of having
an injured or painful leg or foot
 ◦ Travel - to make a journey, usually over a long distance

Transport and ◦ Journey - the act of travelling from one place to another, especially in a vehicle

◦ Trip - a journey in which you go somewhere, usually for a short time, and come back

Travel again

◦ Voyage - a long journey, especially by ship

◦ Flight - a journey in an aircraft

◦ Package holiday - a holiday organized by a travel company for which

you pay a fixed price that includes the cost of the hotel and travel, and sometimes food

◦ Holiday resort - a place that is frequented for holidays

◦ Brochure - a type of small magazine that contains pictures and information on
a product or a company

◦ Guidebook - a book that gives information for visitors about a place, such as

a city or country

◦ Timetable - a detailed plan showing when events or activities will happen

◦ Itinerary - a detailed plan or route of a journey                                                                                               

 ◦ Commuter - someone who regularly travels between work and home
Transport and ◦ Traveller - someone who travels

Travel ◦ Souvenir - something

you buy or keep to help you remember a holiday or special event
◦ Reminder - something that helps someone remember
◦ Heritage - features belonging to the culture of a particular society, such
as traditions, languages, or buildings, that were created in the past and still
have historical importance
◦ Sightseeing
- the activity of visiting interesting places, especially by people on holiday
◦ Excursion - a short journey usually made for pleasure, often by
a group of people
◦ Tourist - someone who visits a place for pleasure and interest, usually while
on holiday
◦ Tourism - the business of providing services such
as transport, places to stay, or entertainment for people who are
on holiday
Phrasal Verbs
◦ Check in - to show your ticket at an airport so that you can be told where you will be sitting and so that your bags can be
put on the aircraft
◦ Drop off - to start to sleep
◦ Meet up - to meet another person in order to do something together
◦ Pick up - to lift someone or something using your hands
◦ Put up - to raise something, or to fix something in a raised position
◦ Set off - to cause an activity or event, often a series of events, to begin or happen
◦ Show around - to go with someone to all parts, or the main parts, of a place that they have not visited before, so that they
can see what it is like or learn about it
◦ Take off - to remove something, especially clothes
◦ Take out - to remove something from somewhere
◦ Turn up - to arrive or appear somewhere, usually unexpectedly or in a way that was not planned 
Words in Context
◦ Pasture - grass or similar plants suitable for animals such as cows and sheep to eat, or an area of land covered in
this
◦ Gruelling - extremely tiring and difficult, and demanding great effort and determination
◦ Frozen landscapes - Frozen ground is very hard because the liquid in it has turned to ice
◦ Cheer - to give a loud shout of approval or encouragement
◦ Dimly-lit - in a way that does not give or have much light
◦ Wax and wane - to grow stronger and then weaker again
◦ Jovial - (of a person) friendly and in a good mood, or (of a situation) enjoyable because of
being friendly and pleasant
◦ Nominal -  A nominal amount of money is very small compared to an expected price or value
◦ Former - of or in an earlier time; before the present time or in the past
THE END