Titration (also known as titrimetry and volumetric analysis) is a common laboratory

method of quantitative chemical analysis to determine the concentration of an identified

analyte (a substance to be analyzed).

Blank Titration A blank titration is carried out by titrating a fixed and known
concentration of titrant into a solvent with zero analyte. The only difference from the
regular titration is the absence of analyte.

A reflux condenser is a laboratory glassware that is used to cool vapors. It consists of

a glass tube encased in a glass cylinder. The tube connects the fractioning column with
a flask and carries hot vapors produced from heating. Water is contained the glass
cylinder; the water is pumped in and out of the cylinder through its side arms.

Quantitative estimation is a branch of analytical chemistry which helps to determine the

quantity of a substance present in a given sample.

The products formed in acetylation reactions typically have an acetoxy functional group.
When the hydrogen atom belonging to an alcohol group replaced with an acetyl group in an
acetylation reaction, an ester is formed as the product.

number of moles of solute in one litre of solution denoted by moles/Liter.  Molarity is

used to calculate the volume of the solvent or the amount of the solute.

 Normality can be defined as gram equivalent of solute dissolved in one liter of

solution. 

 reaction yield, is a measure of the quantity of moles of a product formed in relation to the reactant
consumed, obtained in a chemical reaction, usually expressed as a percentage

Nitrating mixture is the name given to the mixture of concentrated nitric acid and
sulfuric acid, in a 1:1 ratio, used in the nitration of organic substances, such as aromatic
compounds.

Acetylation is an organic esterification reaction with acetic acid. It introduces an acetyl

functional group into a chemical compound.

Azo dye test – azo dye test is a simple quantitive test. the main function of this test to
determine the value of amines. in this test, primary aromatic amine react with nitrous
acid, as a results it is easy to form benzene diazonium chloride (diazonium salt). then
again diazonium salt react (coupling reaction) with beta napthole and with phenol. as a
results, colouring compound is formed 

Nitration is the class of chemical processes that introduces the nitro group into an
organic chemical compound.
Recrystallization is a technique used to purify solid compounds. 1 Solids tend to be more
soluble in hot liquids than in cold liquids. During recrystallization, an impure solid
compound is dissolved in a hot liquid until the solution is saturated, and then the liquid
is allowed to cool.2 The compound should then form relatively pure crystals. Ideally, any
impurities that are present will remain in the solution and will not be incorporated into
the growing crystals (Figure 1). The crystals can then be removed from the solution by
filtration.

Standardization is the process of determining the accurate concentration of a standard

solution by titrating it against a solution of accurate concentration with high degree of
purity.

Standardization is the technique used to find the exact concentration of a solution.

Titration: Titration is the technique used to measure the concentration of a certain
chemical component in a given solution.