Answer the following questions:

1. Identify what the following laws are all about and it's relevance to the field of pharmacology.

a. R.A. 6675

An act to promote, require and ensure the production of an adequate supply, distribution,
use and acceptance of drugs and medicines identified by their generic names

b. R.A. 9502

An act providing for cheaper and quality medicines, amending for the purpose republic
act no. 8293 or the intellectual property code, republic act no. 6675 or the generics act of 1988,
and republic act no. 5921 or the pharmacy law, and for other purposes

c. R.A. 3720

An Act to ensure the safety and purity of food, drugs and cosmetics being made available
to the public by creating the Food and Drug Administration which shall administer and enforce
the laws pertaining there to.

2. What are the Rights to drug administration? Give a brief definition/discussion for each right.

1. Right drug- The drug administration has the right to check and verify that the name and
form are correct. Be cautious of medicine names that look and sound alike.
2. Right dose- Before you administer, double-check the medication sheet and the doctor's
order. Understand the distinction between an adult and a pediatric dose.
3. Right patient- Before delivering the prescription, inquire about the client's name and
check his or her ID bracelet. Even if you know the patient's name, you should still ask to
double-check.
4. Right route- Check the order to see if it's through oral, IV, SQ, IM, or something else.
5. Right time- Check the order to see when it will be issued and when it was last given.
6. Right documentation/ recording- Make sure the time and any notes on the chart are
written appropriately.
7. Right drug to drug interaction- Examine any previous drugs or the patient's diet for any
potential interactions with the next drug. Examine the medication's expiration date as
well.
8. Right drug to food interaction- Certain medications are more effective when taken in
conjunction with a specific diet.
9. Right approach- while administering medicine in our patient we should b polite and have
some respect with them.
 10. Right education- Give the patient enough information about the drug he or she will be
taking.
11. Right assessment- Obtain a copy of the client's drug interaction history.
12. Right evaluation- If the patient experiences a problem or side effect, we must document it
and promptly notify the physician.

3. What are the types of IV fluids commonly used in medical practice? Differentiate them.

IV fluids come in a variety of forms and are classified in a variety of ways.

The most frequent method for classifying IV fluids is by their tonicity:

Isotonic Isotonic IV solutions contain the same solute concentration as blood plasma.

Hypotonic Solute concentrations in hypotonic solutions are lower than in plasma.

Hypertonic Solute concentrations in hypertonic solutions are higher than in plasma.

4. What are Isotonic Solutions? What are the indications for its use? Give examples used in the
clinical area.

Isotonic solutions have an electrolyte balance that is similar to that of blood plasma. The
fluid volume of the patient is increased without a fluid shift when an isotonic solution is given.
Lactated ringers and 0.9 percent normal saline are two examples of isotonic solutions. When a
patient has lost fluid volume due to blood loss, trauma, or dehydration from excessive
nausea/vomiting or diarrhea, these fluids can help. Continue to monitor the patient while
delivering isotonic solutions to ensure that rehydration does not become fluid overload.

5. What are Hypotonic Solutions? What are the indications for its use? Give examples used in
the clinical area.

Electrolyte concentrations in hypotonic solutions are lower than in plasma. When a

hypotonic solution is given intravenously, fluid moves out of the bloodstream and into the
interstitial and intracellular regions, where it is more concentrated. 0.45 percent normal saline is
a classic example of a hypotonic solution (half normal saline). Because the intracellular space
gets dehydrated when a patient develops diabetic ketoacidosis, administering a hypotonic
solution helps to rehydrate the cells. As more fluid leaves the bloodstream, the patient should be
watched for hypovolemia during dosing.

6. What are Hypertonic Solutions? What are the indications for its use? Give examples used in
the clinical area.

Electrolytes are more concentrated in hypertonic solutions than in plasma. Fluid moves
from the interstitial and intracellular regions into the bloodstream to dilute the electrolytes when
a hypertonic solution is given intravenously. D5 in 0.9 percent normal saline and D5 in lactated
ringers are two common hypertonic solutions. Hypertonic solutions should be administered with
considerable caution, as they can quickly lead to fluid overload.