Result and Verification

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 Highlights: Joint Design with CBFEM
• Interaction of all members are analyzed.

• Internal stress and strain in a joint (including

buckling) can be checked and visualized.

• It has a quick running time.

• Following the footsteps of CM, joint stiffness

(rigid, semi-rigid, pinned) can be checked.

• Compliant with the code (AISC, Eurocode, etc.).

CBFEM results: Stress analysis, buckling analysis, stiffness check 52

Simulation Result: Stress-Strain Analysis

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Simulation Result: Eigenvalue Buckling Analysis

Buckling at Buckling at Buckling at

joint shear continuity plate stiffener plate

Examples of buckling shapes of plates

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Simulation Result: Stiffness Diagram

Initial stiffness is set at 2/3

of moment capacity

Moment capacity for joint

design is set at 5% strain

Example 1: Rigid welded connection Example 2: Semi-rigid bolted connection

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Verification and Validation
Verification strategy:
• Comparison with experiment.
• Comparison with ROFEM.
• Comparison with Component Method (CM).

Benchmark cases (partial list):

• Welded connection.
• Bolted connection.
• T-stub in tension.
• Splices in shear.
• End plate (minor axis).
• Generally loaded end plate.
• Slender plate in compression.
• Triangular haunch.
• Column web panel in shear.
• Column web stiffener.
• Hollow section joint.
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Stress in Plate Component (Solid vs Shell)

Solid elements Shell elements

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Triangular Haunch (Exp vs RFEM)

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Triangular Haunch (ROFEM vs CBFEM)

Deformed shape (top) and Von-Mises

stress (bottom) of triangular haunch 59
T-Stub (CM vs ROFEM vs CBFEM)

T-Stub experiment with HEB-400

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T-Stub (CM vs CBFEM)

T-Stub solid model with ROFEM

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Conclusion and Remarks
• Component Method (CM) is a great method to determine joint strength and
stiffness for many kinds of joint topology, but the analytical works are complex.
• Research-Oriented FEM is a good way to analyze the joint behavior (including
stress and strain), however the modeling and running of such model may take
lots of time.
• Component-Based FEM took the advantages of both Component Method
(stiffness check, topology freedom) and FEM (checking stress and strain), with
a reasonably quick running time.
• Results of CBFEM simulations have been compared with experiment, CM, and
ROFEM; it is in a good agreement with existing techniques.
• Limit states from ACI and AISC codes have been incorporated in the software.

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So… Can we design these steel connections?

Yes, we can with CBFEM !!

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References (1/2)
• ACI 318 Building code requirements for structural concrete.
• ACI 349 Code requirements for nuclear safety-related concrete structures.
• AISC 360 Specification for structural steel buildings.
• Eurocode 3 Part 1-8 Design of steel structures. Design of joints.
• Eurocode 3 Part 1-1 Design of steel structures. General rules and rules for building.
• Eurocode 4 Part 1-1 Design of composite steel and concrete structures. General rules and rules for buildings.
• US10824778 US Patent: Computer-implemented method for simulating behavior of a screw connection between metal
components of engineering structures.
• IDEA Statica manual. https://www.ideastatica.com/support-center/general-theoretical-background
• [Dvorkin and Bathe, 1984] A continuum mechanics based four-node shell element for general non-linear analysis.
• [Gödrich et al., 2014a] Advanced modelling of end plate joints.
• [Gödrich et al., 2014b] The bolts and compressed plates modelling.
• [Gödrich, 2015] Background of component based finite element method.
• [Ibrahimbegovic et al., 1990] A robust quadrilateral membrane finite element with drilling degrees of freedom.

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References (2/2)
• [Ideastatica, 2019] Winkler subsoil model for foundation pad.
• [Jaspart, 2017] Design of joints in steel structures – UK edition.
• [Sabatka, 2015] IDEA Connection – True story of a development project.
• [Vild et al., 2020] Steel connections – Design oriented finite element modeling. Structure Magazine.
• [Wald, 2015] Background of component-based finite element method.
• [Wald et al., 2016] Benchmark cases for advanced design of structural steel connections.
• [Weynand and Jaspart, 2014] Design of structural steel joints.
• [Wu et al., 2012] Simulation of tensile bolts in finite element modeling of semi-rigid beam-to-column connections.

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GeoStruktur Sistem Solusindo

Lets discuss!! Thank you for your attention!

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