Serological Techniques

• Serological technique are techniques

used for the detection of antibodies.
• The type of the technique depend on
the characteristic of the antibody you
want to detect.
 Types of serological techniques:
1. Saline technique which used for the
detection of the complete antibody.
2. Bovine albumin technique which is used
for the detection of incomplete antibody.
3. Antihuman globulin technique which used
for the detection of incomplete.
4. Enzyme technique enhance the reaction
between the antigen and the antibody.
Saline technique
• Saline the technique at room
temperature for the detection of cold
complete antibody.
• Saline technique at 4-----8 C for the
detection of cold restricted antibody.
• Saline technique at 37 C for the
detection of warm complete antibody.
 LISS technique
The use of low ionic strength saline (LISS)
reduces the electric charges on the
medium.

This enables better access of Ab to the red

cells.
and will speed up the Ag/Ab reaction

But still like saline technique, will not detect

IgG Abs.
LISS methods
a) LISS suspension:
- By using LISS in the preparation of red
cell suspension.
- Incubate with serum at 37°C for 15 mins.

b) LISS addition:
- By using cells suspended in N.S.
- Then addition of the serum.
- Then addition of LISS.
 Bovine albumin technique
 Bovine albumin technique used for the
detection of incomplete antibody.
 Bovine is the serum of the young cow
used with concentration 22%.
 It is colloidal media act by pressing the
cells to each other narrowing the gaps
between the sensitized cells to convert
the sensitization to agglutination.
 Antihuman globulin technique

 Used to convert the sensitization to

agglutination it more sensitive if compared
with albumin technique.
 The coomb's reagent act as bridge between
the sensitized cells.
 Enzyme technique
 Used to enhance the reaction by exposing
more antigens on the red cells surface.
 It is two types.
1. One stage enzyme technique:
incubation of the cell, serum and the enzyme
collectively.
2. Two stage enzyme technique:
we treat the cells with enzyme and wash it
then we incubate the serum with the cells.