INTRUCSTIONS: Please read it CLEARLY and SLOWLY. Do not rush!

Make sure you

HAVE A FACIAL EXPRESSION while narrating your lines. When you start recording,
wait for 3 seconds before you start speaking. Give your 100%.

PERSON 1 – Fherlyn John D. Catoto

PERSON 2 – Kianna Marie Aguinsado
PERSON 3 – Jiana Mae Cañada
PERSON 4 – Mia Valerie Jumanguin

PERSON 1: Hello everyone! It’s me, Fherlyn. It’s nice that I have a chance to share something
with you, guys. Are you guys ready? But first, let me ask you a question, have
you ever thought of, “What if you get to know what will happen in advance?”
(Fherlyn video 1)
PERSON 2: Like knowing the answers to your exams for next week(Kianna video 1)
PERSON 3: Knowing the winning numbers in a lottery (Jiana video 1)
PERSON 4: Knowing the comments of your panels in your research defense (Mia video 1)
PERSON 1: But unfortunately, we can’t do that because nothing is certain in life. (Fherlyn
video 2)
PERSON 2: However, Ian Stewart will help us. It is one of the proofs that Mathematics helps us
to better manage the uncertainty that pervades our lives. (Kianna video 2)

PERSON 1: Again, It’s me, Fherlyn and I will be the one to start the discussion. In the 8 th
chapter of Ian Stewart’s book Nature’s Numbers, he challenged Newton’s vision
and Laplace’s idea of determinism. Sir Isaac Newton’s intellectual legacy was a
vision of a clockwork universe. It is an image of the universe as a mechanical
clock. It continues ticking along, as a perfect machine with its gears governed by
the laws of physics, making every aspect of the machine predictable. (Fherlyn
video 3)

Marquis Pierre-Simon de Laplace’s idea of determinism is the belief that the past
completely determines the future. He once stated that we may regard the present
state of the universe as the effect of its past and the cause of its future. These
concepts produce an image of a totally deterministic world- one leaving no room
for the operation of chance. Contrarily, many encounters in our daily lives seemed
purely occurring by chance or lady luck. Such as discovering an old notebook in
your closet, finding a bill on the street, and bumping into your high school crush
in a restaurant. By this, it seems more likely a universe where Dice Play God.
(Fherlyn video 4)

Now, is our world truly deterministic as Laplace claimed or is it governed by

chance as it often seemed to be? And if he is right, why does so much of our
experiences indicate that he is wrong?
 Let’s have Kianna to continue the discussion. Here you go, Kianna! (Fherlyn
video 5)

PERSON 2: Thank you, Fherl! Hello everyone! My name’s Kianna and I will discuss something
to you. Let’s start!

One of the areas of Mathematics is the Chaos Theory and it is a chapter in

Stewart’s book Nature’s Numbers. Let’s get dig into it!

This theory claims to have many answers to the questions earlier. Whether it does
or not, it is certainly creating a revolution in the way we think about order and
disorder, law and chance, predictability and ramdomness.

According to Modern physics, nature is true by chance on its smallest scales of

space and time. There are atleast two contexts in which to discuss this. Let’s go!
(Kianna video 3)

These two contexts are namely QUANTUM MECHANICS and CLASSICAL

MECHANICS. First, I’ll explain to you what is QUANTUM MECHANICS.
Quantum mechanics is a physical science that deals with the behavior of matter
and energy on the scale of atoms and subatomic particles or waves. It is the motion
and interaction of individual objects of a bigger collection. Quantum mechanics is
the view that has prompted Einstein’s famous statement. “You believe in a God
who plays dice, and I in complete law and order.” However, there have been
increasing, many physicists find that there is something questionable in the
orthodox physical view of quantum indeterminacy and something that is missing
from conventional quantum mechanics might be the hidden variables. If quantum
mechanics is correct about indeterminacy, then the universe follows the
deterministic laws which results from an effect called decoherence. Decoherence
causes enough quantum systems to lose almost all of their indeterminacy and
behave more like classical mechanics. And now, the CLASSICAL MECHANICS
will be also explained to you.

And now, Jiana will be the one to continue the discussion. Here you go, Jiana!
(Kianna video 4)

PERSON 3: Thank you, Kianna! Hello everyone! My name’s Jiana and I will continue the
discussion. Let’s start!

Let’s talk about CLASSICAL MECHANICS. CLASSICAL MECHANICS is

studying movement with Newton’s laws. Classical Mechanics deals with the
motion of bodies under the influence of forces or with the equilibrium of bodies
when all forces are balanced. This reinstates Classical mechanics for most human
scale purposes. Actually, Horses, the weather, and Einstein’s celebrated dice are
not unpredictable because of quantum mechanics. HOWEVER, THEY ARE
UNPREDICTABLE IN CLASSICAL MECHANICS because of “the hidden
 variables”. Perhaps not so surprising when it comes to horses as living creatures
have their own hidden variables such as what kind of hay they had for breakfast.
But it appears surprise to those meteorologists who had been developing massive
computer simulations of weather in the hope of predicting it for months ahead.
(Jianna video 2)

And it was rather startling when it comes to dice as it was one of our favorite
symbols to use for chance. Dice are just cubes, as it is just a tumbling cube should
be no less predictable than orbiting planets as both objects obey the same laws of
mechanical motion. They are both different shapes but equally regular and
mathematical ones. To see how unpredictability can be reconciled with
determinism, think about a much less ambitious system than the entire universe
namely drops of water dripping from a tap.

And now, Mia will be the one to continue the discussion. Here you go, Mia!
(Jiana video 3)

PERSON 4: Thank you, Jiana! Hello everyone! My name’s Mia and I will continue to discuss.
Let’s start!

Okay, now we know about those things they have explained. So, in 1978, a bunch
of iconoclastic young graduate students at the University of California at Santa
Cruz formed the DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS COLLECTIVE. When we began
thinking about this water-drop system, they realized that it’s not as random as it
appears to be. They recorded the dripping noises with a microphone and analyzed
the sequence or intervals between each drop and the next drop. What they found
was short term predictability. For example, if I tell you the timing of three
successive drops then you can predict when the next drop will fall. (Mia video 2)
The point is, that we can never measure the initials state of a system exactly. The
most precise measurements yet made in any physical system are correct to about
ten or twelve decimal places. But Laplace’s statement is correct only if we can
make measurements to infinite precision in infinitely many decimal places. And
of course, there’s no way to do that. Nothing short of total perfection of
measurement will do. This phenomenon is called “SENSITIVITY TO INITIAL
CONDITION” or more informally the butterfly effect. (Mia video 3)

PERSON 1: And that’s it! Do you guys know what a butterfly effect is? If no, then don’t worry
because I’ll be telling you guys what is a butterfly effect. The butterfly effect is
not the phenomenon we encounter when our crush texts us. You know what I
mean, right? The butterflies in your stomach thing, I mean hmm no, that’s not it
guys. The butterfly effect is the idea that small, seemingly trivial events that may
ultimately result in something with much larger consequences. Tiny changes in
initial conditions have big effects. The term butterfly effect comes from an
analogy where a butterfly flaps its wings in Tokyo and then tornado occurs in
Tennessee. The butterfly effect is intimately associated with a high degree of
irregularity of behavior. All the butterfly effect does is to make the system follow
 different paths on the same attractor. We used to assume that simple causes must
produce simple effects implying that complex effects must have complex causes.
But now, we know that simple cause can produce complex effects. But sensitivity
to initial conditions renders behavior unpredictable- hence irregular. For this
reason, a system that displays sensitivity to initial conditions is said to be chaotic.
(Fherlyn video 6)

PERSON 2: Now, we heard of the word CHAOS and I assume we all know that. Let’s talk
about it! Chaotic behaviour obeys deterministic laws, but is so irregular that to the
untrained eye it looks pretty much random. Chaos is embedded in nature and
reality whether it is unseen or unrealized by many. It’s creating a revolution in a
way we think of order and disorder, law and chance, predictability and
randomness. Within the apparent irregularities randomness and disorder in
occurring events, there are actually underlying patterns, interconnectedness, and
deterministic laws that are highly sensitive to initial conditions. Small differences
such as errors and miscalculations can yield different highly-affected outcomes.
Chaotic behavior exists in weather and climate even in the stock market or traffic.
As Edward Lorenz said, “Chaos is when the present determines the future but the
approximate present does not approximately determine the future”. (Kianna
video 5)

PERSON 3: This time, I’ll be explaining to you what is PHASE SPACE.

PHASE SPACE is an imaginary mathematical space that represents all possible
motions in a given dynamic system. It also states that when you put thing in the
phase space, everything can be calculated and can be put into numbers. The phase
space is also a 3-D place in which you plot the behavior in order to create the
phase portrait. PHASE PORTRAIT have shown that dynamic systems tend to
have set shapes which emerge and which systems move forward and these are
called attractors. Attractors are also points that never repeat themselves and orbits
never intersect. (Jianna video 4)
Lastly, the STRANGE ATTRACTORS is a type of chaotic dynamical system and
can take an infinite number of different forms. Every chaotic process involves a
kind of mathematical mixing in Poincare’s imaginary phase space. This is why
tides are predictable but weather is not. Both involve the same kind of
mathematics but the dynamics of tides does not get phase space mixed up,
whereas that of the weather does. It’s not what you do, it’s the way that you do it.
Chaos is overturning our comfortable assumptions about how the world works. It
tells us the universe is far stranger that we think. Nature’s chaos is bound by rules.
Creation of chaos is called a period doubling Cascade. (Jiana video 5)

PERSON 4: In 1975, physicist Mitchell Feigenbaum discovered the number that is associated
with period-doubling cascade. This number is roughly 4.669 and symbolized with
the Greek letter (δ) delta. It became extraordinarily significant in both
mathematics and the natural world, along with pi. Feigenbaum’s number tells us
how the period of the drips relates to the rate of flow of the water and is a
quantitative signature for any period-doubling cascade. (Mia video 4)
 This very same number shows up in various experiments on liquid helium,
pendulums, electronic circuits, magnets and such. It is a new universal pattern in
nature, one that we can see only through the eyes of chaos, a quantitative pattern,
a number emerges from a qualitative phenomenon. The Feigenbaum number has
opened the door to a new mathematical world, one that we have only just begun to
explore. Indeed it is one of nature’s numbers. (Mia video 5)

PERSON 1: And that’s it, guys! We hope you learn something! We are now done discussing to
you the Chapter 8 of Ian Stewart’s book Nature’s Number entitled, (Fherlyn
video 7)

ALL : “Do Dice Play God?” (Each of us will have a video saying this question. Please guys
with facial expression) (Fherlyn video 8), (Kianna video 6), (Jiana video 6), (Mia
video 6)