COMMUNICATE ener ere ets nero signal ACADEMIC SKILLS LISTENING Listening for Repeated Words reenter See etc Se ated ay SID Lan CREE fl Lookat the photo and read the caption. What ae these people doing? Why? How have cellphones and computers changed how we coms) Toe msc eee PaWorld Total Pecorerienene ne Look at the map and read the information. Then discuss 3 7 7 carat e billion 1. What do the colors on the map represent? 2, Which areas of the world have the most access? The least? Internet Users 3. How often do you use the Internet? What other kinds of ‘communication tools do you use? HOW WE COMMUNICATE AGLOBAL MAP OF INTERNET ACCESS The Internet is one of the most important technologies in modern life. Ithelps us connect to each other and spread knowledge across the globe. While it may seem like everyone in the world is connected, there are stil many areas that do not yet have ‘widespread Internet use. This map shows the percentage of people who have access to the Internet by country.Key Access Rate (6 of population that has access to the internet) = —— 0% 20% 40% HAIN 100% Now we communicate 183B vccabuiary Wie each word from the box next ots defnion access) basic(ad) contact (involve () speed (n) according toad) connect (¥) inform) represent) wide (ad) 1 to include, make part of how fast something maves or happens to join or forma relationship with something or someone to stand for or mean another thing including many people or things; measuring alot from side to side simple or important 1 communicate with someone by phone, message, or letter 2 3 4 5, 6, —____to tell about something, often in an official way 2. 8 8. to get into or use something 0. as stated or reported by ezNiNG FROM (@%) EBEEE rood the sentences. Choose the correct word or phrase. Then listen and context ~~ checkyour answers 1. Speaking and writing are two (basic / wide) communication sl 2. Fim not feeling well I need to (contact / connect) my boss and tell her I can't work 3, My sster has a (wide / basie) network of iends, They live all over the world 4, I's easy to (represent / access) some kinds of information on the Internet. 5. (According to / Connecting) statistics, more people have cell phones than computers 6. Schools often try to (access / involve) students in activities outside of class. 7. |ttied to go online, but | couldet (connect / Inform) to the Internet, 8. The university wil (access /inform) you f you failed a clas. 9. For most people, the dollar sign (6) (involves / represents) money. 10, Information travels ata high (access / speed) fromm one computer to another. » Peoplewith cell phones siting by side but not ‘communicating with ch other© Look tthe photo on page 184 and read the caption, Then discus the questions below with pares. 1. How do you usually contact your close fiends? Your family members? 2. What are some things that move at a slow speed? At a high speed? 3. What are the basic features of a smartphone? What do people do with them? 4, What does each of these five symbols represent? at be ct am eo B ead the article. Fin each blank ith a word fom the box. Theres one exta word access connect contact inform invoke MEET KEN BANKS Each year, National Geographic names several Emerging Explorers and gives them each a cash award, The money supports the work of these young people atthe beginning of their careers in many fields—biology, engineering, music, and others. Ken Banks is an Explorer. Inplaces where people can't the Internet, his software! lets them others easly with a basic cellular telephone, They just - the phone to a computer. Then they can send information from the computer without using the Internet. Organizations can use this method to ‘members of the community in their activities, ‘software ne oat sed 2 ope ome As you learned in Unit 9, you wil increase your fluency ifyou learn words in chunks called collocations. When you look up a word in the dictionary, you wil aften see a common phrase in bold Practice using new words in these collocations. ‘goaccording to plan basic understanding wide range access he internet ‘connect t/with ick up speed GB irk witha partner Answer the questions 1. Tell about a time when something did not go according to plan. What happened? 2. How often do you connect with friends? To the Intemet? 3. What are ways people can geta basic understanding of atopic? 4, Do you think ts better to have a wide range of interests or to focus on only afew? Now We communicate 185ls Listening A Report about Communication Software BEFORE LISTENING EEX One or more words that form an idea are often said in a "chunk" These are thought groups. A thought group can be a word (Wow), a phrase (Afterdinne,..), a clause (When we finish dinner, ...},ora sentence forgot my homework). We usually pause briefly after a thought group. ‘ical you later for text you/ when | get home -Mybrotherand| /are interested in conservation BEB ead anctisten to part of anews report. Draw line to separate the thought groups. t's amazing! All you need isa laptop computer, a cell phone, and a cable, and you have a communication system with a wide reach. With Banks's software installed on the computer, the cell phone sends text messages to thousands of people at once, ‘without involving the Internet @ DEED with partner take tums reading the sentence aloud while your partner ‘marks the thought groups. Then listen and check your answers, |. Professor Jones is the oldest professor at the university. 2, Lalmost never send a real etter to anyone. 3, Lily has a phone, but she doesn’t have a computer. 4, We had a good conversation about our families. 5, Tom and Marsha are my only friends in the city. 6. The assignment is ta read a chapter and write some questions for discussion, Work with a pares. Youre going to lsten toa news report about communion software, Discuss the question: How might life be difficult for people who can't access the Internet? WHILE LISTENING LL Listeni Speakers repeat key words to indicate which ideas are most important. Key words ate usually verbs, nouns, or adjectives. Notice which key words are repeated “Most of us rely on the Internet 10 communicate and to get information, ut inmany part ofthe world i's impossible to access the Internet, So Ken Banks invented a text-message-based communication system that people everywhere can.use to share information,EEE Listen tothe news report. Indicate (#) each time you hear these key words. Then read the sentences below Listen again and check) the main dea, access ‘communicate/communication informinformation ——cellularell phone ___computer software It can be difficult to access the Intemet in some parts of the world —— The intemet represents many things. _— Banks invented software that helped people communicate without the Internet _—— Iruger Park wanted to hear people's opinions and have meetings. You can make payments with the software © DEED fread the statements Then i Comect the fae statements fen again and choose T for Tue or F for Fale. 1 teitapiieicnnieriaddiinkpapkiod elim TF 2. Ken Banks invented software because he sawa need ort ror 3, Everyone uses Banks software nthe sameway TOF 4. Hissoftware canbe used where Interet acess ificu ror AFTER LISTENING B discuss the questions with partner 1. caeysa secs ts ames pagan 3 yeu nesseacaihultnnklenns pxccnelthignr by henencubes 5. Ranke followng ways people sete nteret ham mest important (It least important ba th ends Jook up facts and information barking orpay ils shop for clothes must et —_esserwearnenens ___ erste pearesoeepesonat ee LISTENING FOR MAIN IDEAS DETAILS CRITICAL THINKING: EVALUATING ‘y People texting in Ugandal. Speaking CErmnnuncornr. We use the present perfect to talk about: + Actions that began in the past and continue until naw. We often use for or since. Jhave worked here since 2014 (since + start time) ‘ve had this job for seven years, for + armount of time) + Actions that have happened one or more times in the past. The actions relate to ‘the present, and the exact time ofthe action isnot important or stated. Jhaven't read that book, 0 icant tellyou anything about it ‘Matthew’s seen three movies this week! To form the present perfect, use haveyhas + the past participle form of a verb". Affirmative Negative Wiow'e/They have started, We haven't seen the report He/She has finished. He hasn’tleft he offce yet. Questions Answers Have youseen the news? Yes, have /No, haven't. Has the boss arrived? Yes, she has./No, she hasn't What has happened? Theteam has won the competition. ‘Many vets havemeausr past gartepes Use the words and phrases below to say complete sentences Use the present perfect ofthe undatlined verbs 1. The Morgans / travel to Europe /fourtimes. 2. Celine / not vst her familyin Romania /since 2008. 3, Randal / cook /a delicious meal. Can you join us for dinner? 4. /not see / the new action movie. Let's go seeit tonight! 5. He /callme /twice today. 6, They / know each other /for along time, @ ead the conversation Flin each blank with for or since Then practice the conversation with a partner. Switch oles and practice again ‘A Hills that a new smartphone? B: Sortof fvehad it March, ‘Ac Ive only had mine a year, andi’ already broken. Im going to ‘get a new one. By the way, have you seen Alice recently? No, haven't seen her _____several weeks ‘Me neither. sent her an email, bt it came back. ‘She changed her email address, She's hada new oneWork wth your partner Read the ist of important inventions in the history of cnivicaL THINKING communication Then discuss where to put each event onthe timeline blow USING A TIMELINE Wate your answers, 1824 faieystem of ping and eoding forpeoplewho are blind (ous aie) 1892. Motion picture projector (to make movies) (Thomas Edis 1896 Early form of radio (Guglielma Marcon’) 1971 Personal computer, the Keniback-1 Cohn Blankenbake?) 1973 Cellular telephone (Martin Cooper) 1927 Television (Phito Farnsworth) 1876 Telephone and microphone (Alexander Graham Bell 1989 World Wide Web (Tim Berners-Lee) 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000 Present Past TO Future 1092 Motion ploture pater complete each exchange below and on page 190. Use information fom the timeline in exerise © Then practice the exchanges witha partner. How long has Bal printing been around? ‘Along timet t's around since ng has the telephone existed? for — yeas Now we communicate 189‘A: How old is television? 8: Its prety ola There _been 1v_1927 ‘A: How long have we had cellular telephones? B: Wehave____cell phones since —_. B) With your partner, look atthe items on page 189 that you didn't discuss in exercise . Using those exchanges as models, talk about how long we have had each of those ‘communication devices. Take turns asking and answering questions, ) Form a group with another pair of students, Discuss the questions 1, What information from exercise Cwas interesting or surprising to you? Explain 2. Which technology for communication is the mast important to you? Explain 3, Which of these forms of technology for communication have you used teday? Which will you use before the day ends? 4, Have you made any phone calls today? Have you texted anyone? What makes you choose between these two fois of communication? 5. Which of your friends do you talk to the most? How long have you known this person?LESSON TASK Discussing Ways to Communicate @ DEED read andisten tothe conversation. Notice the verb tenses the speakersuse. Then practice the conversation with your partner. Suite roles and practice It again. Have you written a letter t anyone recently? ‘Yes, lyote a letter to my grandmother lst week ‘Arealletter—on paper? Yes, my grandma doesn't use emai Oh see Have youhad any video chats recently? Yes, | talked with my brother lastnight. He's in Germany. B ead the st of ways to communicate Add two of your own ideas. + «all someone on the phone + write aleter + use video chat services + use facial expressions + send a text message + have aface-toface conversation + © ir» porte askand answer questions about ways to communicate. Add your two ideas fom eneeiseB Use the conversation fom exercise A as amode, Complete the har. Then work with anther part students and tall them what you learned about your partne. Call someone on the phone Ores No Use video chat services res No Senda text message Ores No Have a face-to-face conversation Yes No Write a letter Ores No Use facial expressions Dyes No Ores TNo Yes No now we COMMUNICATE 191BEFORE VIEWING CRITICAL THINKING: Discuss the questions below ina group. SYNTHESIZING InLesson A ofthis unt, you discussed several different situations in which people communicate. Why might animals need to communicate? How do animals communicate? Give examples for several different animals. How are these ways similar to, or different from, the ways that people communicate?Read and listen to the information. Notice the underlined words. These are. MEANING FROM words you will hearin the video. Use the context to guess their meanings. CONTEXT play on top of ther, MEET JOYCE POOLE She's biologist and conservationist who studies elephants She isinterested in the ways elephants communicate. Elephants use several gestures, ‘or movements, to communicate. Sometimes they put their long, pointed tusks into the grass and dirt, They also waggle their heads, which isa side to side andl up and ‘down movement. Elephants use some gestures to threaten or ty to scare off other ‘elephants. They are solid sturdy animals, but they have relaxed, floppy movernents when at play. In general older elephants are tolerant of young ones and let the calves WHILE VIEWING HI Read the statements. Then watch the video and choose the correct, UNDERSTANDING. information. MAIN IDEAS. 1 2 3, 4 ‘One way that male elephants threaten other elephants is by Cusking the ground / ‘waggling their heads) ‘Ahead waggle is (a warning / an invitation to play) Young elephants rub each other when they are (anary / being social, ‘When calves play together, the older one often (lies on the ground / squitms around) hile the other one climbs on top. 5, Mother elephants (are tolerant / get annoyed) when baby elephants climb on them. @ TAHA wistcn the video again and choose the corect adjective to descrbeeach UNDERSTANDING noun, One adjectiveis used twice. oetaits 1, stony arg mate a surdy 2, stony’s movements b toleant 3, juve elephants & floppy 4, 11-year-old female. d. silly 5, baby elephants AFTER VIEWING discuss the questions below n a group. CRITICAL THINKING 1 2 3 4 MAKING INFERENCES Does Joyce Poole enjoy her work? Haw do you think she feels about elephants? ‘What does the video tell you about elephant relationships and communication? ‘What isthe role of pay in social groups? Why do people and animals do it? ‘What other animals could humans study to learn about social groups and ‘communication? now we communicate 193B vccabuiary weawine ¢80m MBER Lookat the photo and read the caption. Then read and listen tothe artic. ConveXT "Notice each word or phrase in blue and think about its meaning AMERICAN SIGN LANGUAGE ‘American Sign Language, or ASL, isa language that people who are deaf or hard of hearing use instead of speech to express themselves. ASL Uses signs in addition to body positions and facial ‘expressions. ASL signs are different from the gestures most peaple use. For example, we all wave, shrug ‘our shoulders, and make shapes with our hands to provide information to our listeners, We point at objects so others know what to pay attention to, However, our gestures are very limited compared to the system of signs and grammar of American Sign Language, ‘As with speaking, the importance of culture is evident in sign language. Different cultures have different versions of sign language. American eener Sign Language is quite different from British Sign pene Language for example eter Southern Maine, U.S.A, In recent years, some experts have encouraged ee ee parents of hearing children to teach ASL to thei ear nena babies. tis a way to support their language ee) development before they are able to speak. GB Wie esch word or phrase in blue fom exercise A nett ts definition, 1 (n)people with dep knowledge ofa subject 2 (n) an action or other nonspoken way of communicating (o) to convey a thought or feeling, communicate 4, ir) the significance o value of something 5, ___() to encourage and assist 6. —______(v)1o identity something by holding your finger in its direction 2 {ad) past, but not long ago (eq, yesterday last week) 8. (7) the expression of thoughts with spoken words 9. —___iph to observe and listen closely 10 {phy along with or together with another peison thing. etc)G vse your dictionary tor other forms ofthe voeabulay words rf Verb eee Adverb importance x expert x speech x support express ‘adtion add point 5. 6 illin each blank with the correct form of a word from the chart in exercise C. | didnt recognize the __ ofeatly language development. Children need to be exposed toa language by age two to communicate well [My French is limited. can readit, but cantt_____ it. ‘She's a(n) ___in linguistics. She speaks twelve languages fluently. ‘The language lab on campus __ll students learning a language. It offers a variety of resources, including computer sofware and tutoring ‘The ____of learning language is to communicate with people. He sent flowers as a(n) ___ of thanks after the dinner party. discuss the questions below witha partner, 1 2 3 CRITICAL THINKING: ‘What do you pay attention to when you are meeting someone for the frst time? jwatyeine Do you kaw any signs in ASL or another sign language? Share them with your partner and explain what the signs mean. Inaddition to sign language, there have been recent technological developments, that can help deaf or harc-of-hearing people express themselves, How do you think these people might use technology to communicate? Insome cultures it’s considered impolite to point at people. Why do you think that is? Is this true for your culture? Do your friends support you? In what ways do you support them? ‘When is it important to get advice or information from an expert? When is it OK to get Itfrom the internet or other source? how WE COMMUNICATE 195:lL Listening A Lecture about Gestures BEFORE LISTENING @ Look atte photo.Then discuss the questions below witha partner. 1. Where do you think the men are? What do you think they are saying? 2. Da youuse yourhands a lot when you talk? Why or why not? 3. Do you think some cultures use gestures mote than others? so, which ones? WHILE LISTENING usteninc ror @® TED ead the statements. Then liten tothe lecture and choose Tor Tue MAIN IDEAS or Ffor Fake. 1. Gestures are only used in some cultures TOF 2. Gestures have a grammar and vocabulary. 1 F 3. Gestures can help when you dont speak the language. 1 F 4. Gestures help you remember information T F 5. Unfortunately, we cant use gestures with technology. 1 FPetcantb ens ‘You can use a chart to take notes with examples. Write the main ideas in the left column. Add examples to the right. Ifyou miss a main idea, taking nates on the ‘examples can help you figure out what main idea the examples support, ay —— = = © BBG iisten again. complete the chart. LISTENING FoR ar AFTER LISTENING @ dis.uss the questions below n a group. PERSONALIZING 1. What gestures are universal, or understood everywhere? 2. What gestures do you use? How do they help you communicate? CRITICAL THINKING | Drawing Conclusions ‘When we draw conclusions, we put together pieces of information and decide what Is lkely to be true based on that information, For example, if our coworker walks into the office out of breath and wearing wet clothes, we might conclude that ts raining outside, and he or she ran to get inside. Read the sentence from the lecture below. What conclusion(s) can you draw? Discuss CRITICAL THINKING your ideas with a partner. DRAWING Now we can even use gestures to communicate with technology. Conctusions now we communicate 197I Speaking "y Awoman helps her mother figure outhernew smartphone. Pune ae inderstan It’s important to check that your listeners understand you, especially when you are ‘explaining something or giving a presentation, Use these phrases to make sure your listeners understand what you said, orto invite them to ask questions if they dot. Gotit? (Doyou have) any questions? Do you understand? (Does that) make sense? Isthat clear? Do you know what! mean? ‘Areyou folowing me? ‘Are you with meso far? (GB BEES fread and isten tothe conversation, Undetine the questions used to check for understanding. ‘You look confused, Mor. Is that a new phone? Yes, and I'm having trouble figuring it out, Let me see it. Aight, frstle’s set up your contacts See this square? Ifyou click Cont, twill et you add someone's contact information—name, phone number, whatever. Do you see what mean? (OK {think s0, So !Just click on that to add each new person? Exactly. Now here's something else you can do—download some useful apps. ‘You probably want one that will give you directions and update you on traffic, Tight? So go to the app store, here, and search for the apps and download them, Does that make sense? ‘Wait, slow down, What do I click on to get to the app store? Thislitie icon hete. Then you can look through all the apps, or you can type in ‘what you wantin this box and search for it. Goth? Gaotit.@ complet the conversation. Then undetine the phrases used to check or Understanding. ratioe the conversation with parte Switch oles and practice itagain. This tne replace each phrase wth another phase that checks for tnderstanang. ‘A: So you can see on this chart for American Sign Language the signs for each letter ofthe alphabet. For example, thisis how to make an “A” Does that sense? | think so, So people spell words to talk? [Not really, You can spell words with your fingers by using the signs for letters, but that would take too much time. I's lke if saw you and 0! Soinstead, there's a sign for the word hello. 00 I do. How does the grammar wotk? ‘Now that's interesting! Because you'e using your body, and especially your hands, you can make use of physical space, In ASL, you don't change the verb to show past tense—you just wave yaur hand aver yaur shoulder before you ‘make the other signs. That means past or before, Are you __me? @ Look tne graphic Work with a partner Take tums describing diferent forms of communication Rernember to check or understanding afte main points. ‘Facil expressions area frm of non-verbal communication. They icudesmles and frowns eyo itnesofor? Yea lthnkso. ne Sience Appearance —Neaess_— Face pesions —Gestwesodylanguage Touch @ For a group with another parof students Take tums explaining one ofthe topes below or your own Idea, check for understanding and answer questions. + afavorite app + alanguage you know well + how to use a smartphone + avideo chat service Now we communicate 199FINAL TASK Presenting a Form of Communication ‘You are going to givea group presentation about the advantages and clsadvantages, (of one form of communication. At the end of your presentation, you willinvite and answer questions from the audience. Buccs ‘At the end ofa presentation, there is often time to invite questions from the audience, You can use these questions, ‘Are there ary questions? /Ihave time fora few questions. /Does anyone havea ‘question? ‘An audience member might ask a question that you don’t know the answer to. You should not pretend to know the answer. Instead, you can use these expressions, Great question! fm not exactly sureof the answer. need to find out and get back to you. ‘im afraid dont know the answer to that question. Perhaps someone inthe aualence knows? B Ferm a sma group and choose atopic fom the box beow. books email letters newspapers radio socialnetworks telephone calls _televikion ORGANIZING 10€AS | (@) Follow thesteps 1. Asa group, brainstorm several advantages and disadvantages ofthe form of ‘communication you chose, You can use a chart to organize your ideas 2. Discuss your personal experiences and the reasons why you do or don't use that form of communication. How has this form of communication changed throughout history? Hasit become more or less useful? Explain, 3. Assign one part ofthe presentation to each group member: introduction and advantages; disadvantages; summary and conclusion, 4, Practice your presentation, pacsenrine (@) Give your presentation tothe css, tthe end of the presentation, invite and answer {questions fom the audience REFLECTION 1. What ways did youleam to check for understanding? 3. Here are the vocabulary words and phrases from the unit. Check (¥) the ones you can use. Claccessea importance represent ——xccordingto inaction to sign 2. What did you leamn about communication in thisunk? —CIbasic Diinform Cispeech ae ea a Diconnect Dlinvolve ex speed Cicontactt™a —-payattentionto support Clevpertas point Cowie Cewpress Drecent