OUR RELATIONSHIP WITH NATURE Ce rg a eres cavein the world twas found by « enn eet eee ee | 2-5 millon years ago by river water. Ny Lookat the photo and read the caption. How do the Pec Ros What kind of relationship do you have with nature? Do Seen eed etnakoa ais] Look at the images and read the information. Then discuss the questions. 1. What do you think a: tionist is? How does Asher Jay use her 2. Which image on these pages do you like best? Wi 3. What can people do ta havea positve effect an theW vccabuiary WEB Listen and check (¥) the words you already know. Use a dictionary to help you with any new words. ahead (cv) Cohunt() relationship (n) responsibilty) value ty) Tidepend () — Caraise()—Carespectin) share ) within (pep) Poorer Collocations are words that ate frequently used together. Prepositions are often used in combination with verbs and nouns and even ather prepositions tis helpful to leatn these words together. ahead offfor hunt... for respect for share with dependon telationshipwith responsibility foro within an hour/a weel/5 years canine From EDEKET Read the two articles below ilin each blank with a word from the box above Context ~~ it There sone extra word in each box. Then listen and check your answers. Notice the collocations with prepostions. ahead depend raise relationship share ‘The Maasai People and Cattle! The Maasal people of East fica havea special —_,_____wth fone kind of animal, They —__on cattle for meat and milk. In order to ____cattle in a dy climate, the Maasai people ; land, Each family moves the cattle overlong distances and Conte different familey land in order to ind enough grass forthe cattle to eat ‘eat aarge arm animes, such as cows, rao fr meat and ik ahead respect value within ‘The Sami People and Reindeer Like the Maasai, the Sami people of northern Europe - ‘one animal more than any other. Reindeer give the Sami people food, clothing, and other useful items, Nowadays, some Sami people raise reindeer on farms, bbut many Sami people stil travel long distances with their animals. This gives them a great ___ for nature, Noone knows exactly whats 5 for the Sami people because clmate change makes the future of the Arctic uncertain,© discuss the questions below witha partner, CRITICAL THINKING 1, When people think of your country of culture, what animal do they think of? REFLECTING 2. ways warn ar to peaele Your counter wie? 2. Doyauthnithe penance utarinel il cenge wit he est 25 yan? 4. How doanialsimpact the econary your county? BIER Foe he atc Ftin each lank the corectword fromthe box. «MEANING FROM Thereisene ca wordThenfsten and heck your answers oe hunt raed respect responsibilty within ‘The Australian Aboriginal People ‘and Australian Animals ‘Australia has many kinds of anima, and al of them are part of traditional Aboriginal culture, Animals ‘often appear in traditional stories and in very old paintings on rocks, Aboriginal people have great for animals They tracitionaly fish and grow only wnat they ned to suppor themselves. They use every pat ofthe animals they kill and often offer thanks to these animals For Aboriginal people, everything in nature fs connected, and human beings have a special role ___the natual world, For example, one group of, ‘Aboriginal people believes its their __to make sure Aust’ kangaroos are doing well. Others feel responsible for different animals or plants. © discus the questions below ina group. cnrmican THINKIN ANALYZING 1. In what ways do the Sam and Maasl people havea sina eatonship wth animals? 2. How is the Australian Aboriginal people's relationship with animals the same as or different from your culture? 3, Doyou think tis the responsibility of human beings to take care ofthe world's animals? Explain, 4, Aside from animals, are there other natural resources that people in your culture ‘depend on? If so, what do they depend on them For? 5, How can we show respect for the land? ‘OUR RELATIONSHIP WiTH NATURE TES.. Listening A Lecture about Ethics BEFORE LISTENING CRITICAL THINKING Comparing and Contrasting ‘Comparing and contrasting means identifying similarities and differences between items. This helps us understand a topic. To compare and contrast, think about the ‘most important features ofthe topies. For example, youre studying two animals you might consider their habitats and thelr diets, Use a T-chartas a helpful way to ‘organize and note similarities and differences. CRITICAL THINKING: (MQ) EA)EEDD Read and listen to the article, Then look back atthe articles on pages 164-165 COMPARING AND and discuss the questions below witha partner. CONTRASTING ham asset Fiat opiate Harp Seal Ivs winter in the Arctic, and {for many Inuit people in Canada, Greenland, and Alaska, USA, its ‘ume to hunt the harp seal. The Inuit hunt the seals for their meat, «il, and skins, They use guns to kill the animals, or they hit the seals ‘on the head with atool called a hrakapik For the inut, the seal hunt is 2 very old tradition, Other people, however, question the ethics ‘of the seal hunt. In Europe, for ‘example, it's now illegal to trade any seal products. Peaple who are in favor ofthis new law think the seal huntis wrong because of the ‘ways hunters kill the animal, 1. Which culture livesin a similar climate to the Inuit people: The Sami, the Maasai, or the ‘Australian Aboriginal people? Explain 2. How is the Australian Aboriginal people's use of animals similar to the Inuit people's se of animals? sit diferentin any way? Explain. cniTicat THINKING: Discus the questions with your partner. seruecrinc 1, Isitlegator legal to hunt wid animals in your county? Explain 2. Haw do you fee! about people hunting wild animals for food? ExplainWHILE LISTENING Read the statements, Then listen to the lecture and choose Tfor Tiue LISTENING FOR (or F for False. Correct the false statements. MAIN IDEAS 1. The new law is popular with people in Europe. 2. The nuit people raise wheat asa crop. 3. Only Inuit people hunt seals. 4444 4, The Inuit people want to change the law foe [tis importantto recognize ia speaker is aiving afact (a general truth about something) ‘or an opinion (his or her personal feling about something). Sometimes speakers use special expressions to gle their opinions, such as In my opinion, For me, think, Ibelove, and Personally. Here are some other ways that speakers express their opinions. Special Language: Speakers may use positive language to support an idea, or negative language to criticize an idea, These beautiful animals have the amazing ability to see in the dark Seal meat sounds disgusting, and the way people kil seals awful! Extra Emphasis: Speakers may say certain words more loudly than normal do not want to watch tis! He gave an excellent presentation! B _DEDD Read the questions below. Then listen to the lecture again and discussthe IDENTIFYING questions wit a partner. opinions, 1. What isthe fist student's opinion about the seal hunt? How does she express it? 2. What isthe second students opinion about killing animals? How does he express i? AFTER LISTENING Pe) Its important to review your notes after class. Reviewing helps you move Information from your shor-term memory to your long-term memory. One of the ‘most effective ways to do this is by restating key points in your own words Professor: The inut depend on seal for food. Afterall nat many plants can grovein the cold climates of Alaska and parts of Canada, so people there cari rae crops such as ice orwheat Restatement: The Inuit hunt seals for food because they cantt grow many crops. © Mork witha partner. Take uns restating the main dea from the lecture in your own words Refertocxetse cif necessary B Discuss the questions belowin a group 1. Doyou think the lw agains rang seal products in Europes good? Expsin, 2. Why do the Inuit people think it should be legal for them to sel seal products in Europe? De you agree with their reasons? Explain, ‘OUR RELATIONSHIP WITH NATURE 167l. Speaking EEmuncaen. en ‘We use the comparative form to talk about differences between two people or things, We use the superlative o tak about extremes among three or mote people cr things. Adjective Comparative Superlative one syllable large larger (than) the largest two ormore: interesting more interesting the most interesting eats a the least interesting less interesting (than) Brown bears are larger than blackbears. Polar bears arethe largest beors, ats are more interesting to me than dogs. Birds ae the most interesting pets ‘Some common adjectives have irregular comparative and superlative forms: .good—berter—the best bad—worse—theworst far—farther—the farthest @ win» parne take turns saying the sentences below with the compaate form of the adjective in parentheses. > Frankistollerthan Nick 1. Franks al) than Nick Fishing is (dangerous) than farming, Your cookies ae (delicious) than my cookies. 2 3 4, This view is (beautiful than the view from my hotel room, 5. Your apartment is (clean) than my apartment. 6 I think cattle are (smard than horses With a partner, complete each sentence with the superlative form of the adjective in parentheses, Then practice saying the sentences. 1. Myhouseis__theemaleet (mall house in the neighborhood 2, African elephants have __ (large) ears of any animal on the planet. 3, The monkeysare_________(playful) animals the zoo 4, Thisrosels (beautiful ower in my garden 5, —______ (low} grade | got in any of my classes this semester was a C. 6. Englshis (good) class havePune a Rephrasing means saying something again but using different words. t's important. 10 repeat and rephrase key ideas when you speak so listeners understand what you‘ saying, You can also rephrase ta show you understand what someone sad. Here are some common expressions you can use to introduce rephrasing, thatis nother words thatis tosay Professor: They compare itto Europeans and other people killing animals such as chickens orcattlefor food. ‘Student: in other words, the Inuit people say it fine for them to kill animals because people in other parts of the world kill animals too. Look at the photo and read the caption. Then read and listen to the Information about two research studies of black bears, With a partner, discuss how the studies are similar and how they are dlferent, North American black bears are shy animals They ae fearful by nature and will usually run away if they see or hear people, soit can be difficult for sclentists to learn about them, Inorder ta study black bears, researchers in the state of New Jersey, catch bears in traps!. They sedate the bears so they go to sleep. Researchers then measure and weigh each bear, remove a tooth to find out the bear's age, and take blood to test for diseases, Researchers want to find out how many bears live in New Jersey, how long they live, and how many babies, or cubs, they produce More than a thousand miles to the west, another black bear study is taking place in Minnesota, There, researchers study bears that are awake. The beats know the researchers voices, and they are not afraid of ther. The researchers can touch the animals to check their hearts, look at their teeth, and change the radio or GPS? equipment that the bears wear. They also make videos to learn about the bears’ everyday lives Inbboth places, the main goal isthe same—to make sure there is a healthy population of wild black bears ‘wap na dee wed 9 cat and ld an aia 2S (Global Postoning Sate ls aan sytem tse elite gna ton the lain of meting ‘OUR RELATIONSHIP WiTH NATURE 169(B Work with partner Take tus deserbing one ofthe methods using your own words > Ine Jersey searchers wap bes Then they sedate them CRITICAL THINKING: Work with partner. Look atthe types of information inthe box below. Decide which CLASSIFYING boar study can collect each type of information. Use the information on page 169 and your oven ideas. ‘numberof bears in an area + abearsage number of cubs each year + bear’ health bears favorite foods + how bears react to danger how mother bears teach cubs + bear's location how cubs play together + how bears react to other bears CRITICAL THINKING: J With your partner, write each typeof information from exercise Ein the corec pat of USING A GRAPHIC the Venn diagram below. ORGANIZER caiTicat TainkiNs: @ Discuss the questions below with your partner. Use your Venn diagram from exercise F EVALUATING ~~ tohelpyou. ‘Which study do you think produces more information? ‘Which study do you think is kinder to the bears, oretter forthe beats? ‘Which study do you think fs mote expensive? ‘Which study do you think is more useful to science? Which study do you think is more useful to bear hunters? @ For a group with another pair students and share your answers from exercise G. Rephrase what you hea using the expressions from the Speaking Skil box on pose 16. A: We think the Minnesota study produces mote infarmation. 8: nother words, you think the New Jersey study doesnt produce as much information,LESSON TASK Comparing Nature with Cities B discuss the questions witha partes cairicat rainkine 1 How importants spending tie nature oyu: very Important somewhat Importent or hat very penn? Belin 2 Checkiv) the outdoor acts tha ous enjoy and add two mere ideas of your on, Siguakryeureladsoras ya parma COwalking in a park or public garden Lisitting near a river, lake, or ocean watching animals outdoors or at az00 Dexercsing/playing a sport outside oN o @ ead the information about the effets of nature and green space vs. the effects ofan Urban envtonment theo on peopl. Add your own ews Effects of Natural Setting Effects of Urban Setting + Reduces stress + Increases stress + Lowers heat rate and blood pressure + Raises heart rate and blood pressure + Improves school performance + Decreases school performance GB vinryour partner take turns making statements comparing the two settings. Then rephvase your partner’ statement, ‘A: Anurban seting is more stressful than a natural seting. B: Inother words, a natural setting is less stressful than an urban seting. Asa A fl i a ‘rot Ourk las rt BEFORE VIEWING KNOWLEDGE (M) Thisvideois about the relationship between people and horses. With partne, dducuss the questions s important to people around the world? ports/recreation food/farming artmovies/books transportation Waen each word tits definition. Use a dictionary to help you. You wil hear these words inthe video ‘i prey (on) () a, to change in order to be successful in a new situation 2. __ adapt (v) and less common and eventually 3, __ predator (n) ¢ tohunt and eat other animals 4, die out) 4, to produce animals with certain qualities in a controlled way 5. breed () . an animal that hunts and eats other animalsWork with a partner. Take tums talking about important events in the history of horses. CRITICAL THINKING: Use the information in the timeline below and your own words to connect the ideas. INTERPRETING & TIMELINE Some horses crossed Europeans bought land bridges into hows wth them ‘Asin and €wope, to the Amero. 1,000,000 years ago The fisthorses Horsesdied out People begon to lived on the North completly ia Noth ‘iden horse ‘American content. ‘america backs In Cena Asi WHILE VIEWING Read the statements. Then watch the video and number the statements from UNDERSTANDING in the order you hear about them. MAIN IDEAS _——2. People began to breed horses for different jobs, ——b. Horses arein an animal family with donkeys and zebras. <<. People measure @ horse's size in “hands.” 4. Horses eat grass and use their speed to run from predators © LAEB watch the video again and match each type of horseto its picture below. UNDERSTANDING. aecehorse b deft hose pony 1 2 3 t <142hands 3142-219 hands s1ohands AFTER VIEWING GB discs the questions below ina group 1. Inthe video, you heard, Thousands of years before humans invented cars and airplanes, it was the horse who allowed us to go faster, go farther, and explore the world” What other animals have helped humans to do things? 2. Why do you think horses became more popular with humans than zebras or donkeys? ‘OUR RELATIONSHIP WITH NATURE 173B vccabulary @ BED Listen and check () the words you already know. Use a dictionary to help you with any new words. avoid () — Ciconfict in) require) Cscenery(n) Clie (rd Dlattack) — Climited fad) save (w) ——Csimiar fad) Clbe worth (ph) MEANING FROM (B® ERIEEEI Choose the correct word oF phrase to complete each conversation below. Context Then isten and check your answers. Why de you decide to take this tour? Wiel think gots an otherkinds of (1) wild / scenery) are realy interesting lage and the (2) confit /senery) here i beautiful too Yeah, allin al, this tour certainly @) (is worth / avoids) the cost 1m scared, The gorilas are so big! Do they ever (4) (save / attack) humans? Almost never. Gorillas usually try to (5) (attack / avoid) trouble. You don't often seea gorilla getting into a (6) (conflit/ wildlife) with another animal.In that way, they are (7 (similar / limited) to other great apes. Oh, really? Don't the male gorillas ght each other? No. They usually just show their strength, and the other males go away. Anyway, the tour groups don't get too close to the gorillas, so we'llbe fine, “That part ofthe national park a nature reserve, right? Does the park (@) (require / save) any special permits to go there? Not rally. But it’ ilegal to hunt there as they want to keep the animals sae. Do you think that’s going to (9) (be worth / save) the mountain gorillas? Maybe. There aren't many goillas lef, but the park helps to protect them, ‘The area of the parkis(10} (scenery / limited), though, The gorillas can't go very far. ‘That's true, and I thinkit's the gorilas' biggest problem these days G Practice the conversations rom exercse8 with partner. Then sitch oles and prectce them againB Fin each bank with the corect form ofa word fom exercise A 1. Uganda's government created the national park, One reason was to the mountain gorillas since there are so few left 2. The gorillas don't have much land. I's a(n) ___ amount of land, 3. The land in the national park could be excellent fo farming, For that reason, the land alot of money. 4, There's aln) __between diferent groups of people over how to use the parks land. Some people want to_ that the land be only for the animals. Other people want to use the land differently 5, The government wants more tourism, and tourists come to see the gorilas and other such as chimpanzees. The beautiful____ is another thing tourists want to see, 6. Mountain gorillas ae shy. Most ofthe time, they humans, but the tour guides can usually find them, 7. People on the gorilla-watching tours don't need to worry. The gorillas aren't dangerous, and they dont ____ tourists. 8, Gorillas have a sense of heating that is very ______to that of humans. discus the questions below ina group 1. Doyouthinkagorla-watching tours something you might eroy? Explain, 2. Why doyou think I'smportant to save the mountain orl? [Bem arsine raernurerercrst emmuvonpneirananepnasiny mene > Thatis to say scientists think that mountain gorilas could de out because there are only about 800 alive today. ‘Mountain Gorilla Facts + There are approximately 800 mountain gorillas in he world. Scientists think they are in danger of dying out. “They lve in four national parks in the area where Uganda, Rwanda, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo meet. + Mountain gorillas live in family groups with as many a5 30 goillas Female gorillas becorne mothers at around 10 years ‘ld and have one baby every thee or four yeas. Mountain gorillas are mainly vegetarians. They eat so many plants that they rarely need to drink water, Gorillas’ only predators are humans and leopards Losing the land where they live isthe largest problem they ace OUR RELATIONSHIP WITH NATURE 175lL Listening A Conversation about a Town in Zimbabwe BEFORE LISTENING cniTicat THINKING: J Youare going to heara conversation about Karba Town in Zimbabwe, Aiea Look at PREDICTING > the photo and ead the caption then answer the quesons |. The dam was bult to create a lake and an animal reserve, What do you think tourists can do Kariba Town? 2. What kind of work do you think the people who live here do? » Kariba Dam, built across the Zambezi River inthe late 1950s, created Lake Kariba, one of the world’s largest man- made lakes WHILE LISTENING LSTENING FOR (B EDIEEEI Read the statements. Then listen to the conversation and choose the main idea MAIN DENS |. Many people now want to leave Kariba Town and let the animals live there. 2, Most peopl in Kaiba Town stay indoor aright because thats when the animals walk around the steets and houses. 3, There are benefits to having animals in and near Kariba Town, However, thee are abo some conficts between people and animals these 4, Tost vist Kariba Town to see the scenery and wife an to.go boating and fehing on ake Kaiba ustenine For (@ BYBEG tisten again, check 7) the animals the speakers mention DETAILS [baboons elephants Dairafes Lgorilas leopards DizebrasAFTER LISTENING B Discussthe questions witha partner. Give reasons for your answers 1. What do you thinkis the relationship between the speakers (eg, coworkers, fiends)? 2. Is Kariba Town an interesting place to visit? Ist a good place to live? 3. What are the speakets' opinions about hunting near Kariba Town and Kariba Lake? ‘Speakers may emphasize certain words to show emotions such as surprise, ‘anger of happiness, or to help thir listeners understand what they are saying, To show emotior Wow! its amazing that peopled that. Togivemeaning: People wantto grow crops. Animals want to eat the crops. EVERYDAY LANGUAGE Ending a Conversation. To end a conversation, follow these three steps. First let the person know you are: {going to end the conversation. Second, give a reason for ending it Third, express your happiness about seeing or talking to the person. ‘Well need to.get going, My son is waiting for me. was great to see you! Anyway, |woritkeep you. Ineed to make dinner. Ir was nice talking to you! Ou Read part of the conversation. Then listen and notice the extra emphasis on the underlined words. Jasmine: Jack: Dakarai: Jasmine: Dakar B Forma group with two other students Decide whether each und Beally?|can‘t imagine an elephant outside my house—not here in Athens! She's right. There aren't alot of wild animals in tis part of Greece, \Wel, Athens i avery old city, but there was no Kariba Town before the 1950s. The land around Kariba belonged to the animals ‘And then they built the dam, Yes, that's ight Then they built the dam to create the lake. You know, when the water behind the dam began to tse, people had tosave a lot of animals. They went in boats to get ther. Can you imagine? k's not easy to get wild baboons and zebras into a boat! Wow i's amazing that people did that! ed word in exercise E shows emotion or emphasizes the speaker's meaning. Practice the conversation. Then switch roles and practice it again. Use your own ideas to end the conversation. OUR RELATIONSHIP WITH NATURE 477A Speaking CRITICAL THINKING: MAKING INFERENCES Wrens ports make comnpartions using the words and phrases below Give your own Dpinians and 2y complete sentences > Ithink baby elephants are cuter than baby tigers. 1. baby elephants/baby igers/cute 4, black bearsbaboons/aggressive 2. catsidogsftiendly 5. camelsfeindeerfarge 3. caitefreindeer/important 6. lonsfigers/beauttl Read and listen to the article and underline the comparisons. Blind Bobcat Finds a Friend A bobcat named Bear was lucky to be ata sanctuary that takes care of ‘unwanted wildcats. He and the ather animals atthe sanctuary were not born in the ‘wild 50 they couldn't take care of themselves, Bear had other problems, however. He was almost blind and very unfriendly ‘toward other cats. Because of this, he was always alone. Then workers atthe sanctuary had an idea: Why not introduce him to Robi, a caracal, who was even ‘more unftiendly than Bear? At fist a fence separated the two animals, But Bear knew Robi was there. He surprised everyone by acting friendlier than Usual toward the caracal. Robi was less ffvendly than Bear, but after afew weeks, the caracal seemed more comfortable ‘with the other ca, so workers atthe sanctuary opened the fence, Now, Robb and Bear are best frends, Bear follows Robi around. “Bear i so reliant con! Robi'says Chery! Tule, crector of the sanctuary, Robi takes that as his job" “reliant on (ad:dependent on G wr a partner cscs each statement and cle for Tue or for Fae. Support your ‘answers with information in the article and your own ideas. 1. When workers introduced the cats, Bear was friendlier than Robi, T F 2. With Rob's help, Bear is now more active than before: T F 3. Now, Bears probably happier than Robi T F Boat ‘Atthe end of a conversation, discussion, or presentation, you can rephrase important points. Ths will help everyone remember what you talked about You can ‘se phrases such as Tosumup, Lets review the key points.{B Forma group with another par of students. Discuss the questions below End your discussion by rephrasing your important points. 1. What information in the article is interesting or surprising to you? Explain 2. Have you heard other stories about unusual animal friendships? Explain 3, Isa wildcat sanctuary a place you might like to visit? Why or why not? @® Read the information about two kinds of penguins. With a partner, make as many. comparisons as possible using the adjectives below and your own adjectives. colorful heavy long numerous shot tal | ree 2Dinches (50cm) Average Height 20 inches (50.em) lbs. (4.1 kg) Average Weight 7 lbs.(3.2kg) 20years Average Lifespan 10 yeas 49 millon Estimated Population 33 milion FINAL TASK Giving a Presentation about the Natural World You are going to give a short presentation about an aspect of the natural world that isimportant to you. Explain what part of nature is important and the reasons wihy. Thinkabout details to include, and then practice your presentation before you present to the whole class. GB How isthe natural word important to you? Wit alist of yourideas in your notebook. GRAINSTORMING @ ook at yourtstoFideas fom exercise A.Choose theideasthatyou want to usein Your CRITICAL THINKING presentation. Then follow the steps below. USING A GRAPHIC Choose. topic from your notes. Puta check (7) next tit onGanizen \Write your topic in the center ofthe spider map on page 180. Choose three or four main ideas from your notes to support your topic, Circle them, Write three to four main ideas on the_lines, or “arms” Write a few details for each main idea. ‘OUR RELATIONSHIP WITH NATURE 179Detail Topic: © vse your spider map rom exercise Band follow these steps. 1. Decide which of your ideas you wil talk about fist, second, and so.on,and make notes for your tak 2. Think ofa strong conclusion for your presentation, Work with a partner. Take turns practicing your presentations and making helpful suggestions for improvement. PRESENTING ive your presentation to theclass. ive a strong conclusion at the end an rephrase the important ideas Tell your audlonce wy they should care about yout topte REFLECTION Ne rcetrer neee e eede eee eteette te eae) Ciiesd Cee a ae Eee Gewacea Crepes late Ctpend Cheon Cin Ghat Cane eh Gimted Cece