WIRELESS INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDER INDUSTRY

A WiFi network is simply an internet connection that’s shared with multiple devices in
a home or business via a wireless router. The router is connected directly to your internet
modem and acts as a hub to broadcast the internet signal to all your Wi-Fi enabled devices.
This gives you flexibility to stay connected to the internet as long as you’re within your
network coverage area.

What does Wi-Fi stand for?

Ironically, it doesn’t stand for anything. Wi-Fi, often referred to as WiFi, wifi,
wi-fi or wi fi, is often thought to be short for Wireless Fidelity but there is no such
thing. The term was created by a marketing firm because the wireless industry was
looking for a user-friendly name to refer to some not so user-friendly technology
known as IEEE 802.11. And the name stuck.

How does Wi-Fi work?

Wi-Fi uses radio waves to transmit data from your wireless router to your Wi-
Fi enabled devices like your TV, smartphone, tablet and computer. Because they
communicate with each other over airwaves, your devices and personal information
can become vulnerable to hackers, cyber-attacks and other threats. This is
especially true when you connect to a public Wi-Fi network at places like a coffee
shop or airport. When possible, it’s best to connect to a wireless network that is
password-protected or a personal hotspot.
 GLOBAL:WIFI HISTORY TIMELINE
1971

ALOHAnet connected the Hawaiian Islands with a UHF wireless packet network.
ALOHAnet and the ALOHA protocol were early forerunners to Ethernet, and later
the IEEE 802.11 protocols, respectively.

Vic Hayes is often regarded as the “father of Wi-Fi.” He started such work in 1974
when he joined NCR Corp., now part of semiconductor components maker Agere
Systems.

1985

Ruled by the U.S. Federal Communications Commission released the ISM band for
unlicensed use – these are frequencies in the 2.4GHz band. These frequency bands
are the same ones used by equipment such as microwave ovens and are subject to
interference.

1991

NCR Corporation with AT&T Corporation invented the precursor to 802.11, intended
for use in cashier systems. The first wireless products were under the
name WaveLAN. They are the ones credited with inventing Wi-Fi.

The Australian radio-astronomer John O‟Sullivan with his colleagues Terence

Percival, Graham Daniels, Diet Ostry, John Deane developed a key patent used in
Wi-Fi as a by-product of a Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research
Organisation (CSIRO) research project, “a failed experiment to detect exploding mini
black holes the size of an atomic particle”.

1992 and 1996

CSIRO obtained patents for a method later used in Wi-Fi to “unsmear” the signal.

The first version of the 802.11 protocol was released in 1997, and provided up to 2
Mbit/s link speeds. This was updated in 1999 with 802.11b to permit 11 Mbit/s link
speeds, and this proved to be popular.

1999

The Wi-Fi Alliance formed as a trade association to hold the Wi-Fi trademark under
which most products are sold. The name Wi-Fi, commercially used at least as early
as August 1999, was coined by the brand-consulting firm Interbrand. The Wi-Fi
Alliance had hired Interbrand to create a name that was “a little catchier than „IEEE
802.11b Direct Sequence.‟ ” Phil Belanger, a founding member of the Wi-Fi Alliance
who presided over the selection of the name “Wi-Fi,” has stated that Interbrand
invented Wi-Fi as a pun upon the word hi-fi. Interbrand also created the Wi-Fi logo.
The yin-yang Wi-Fi logo indicates the certification of a product for interoperability.

STANDARDS AND DEVELOPMENTS HISTORY

2003

a third modulation standard was ratified: 802.11g. This works in the 2.4 GHz band
(like 802.11b), but uses the same OFDM based transmission scheme as 802.11a. It
operates at a maximum physical layer bit rate of 54 Mbit/s exclusive of forward
error correction codes, or about 22 Mbit/s average throughput.

802.11g hardware is fully backward compatible with 802.11b hardware, and therefore
is encumbered with legacy issues that reduce throughput by ~21% when compared
to 802.11a.

The then-proposed 802.11g standard was rapidly adopted in the market starting in
January 2003, well before ratification, due to the desire for higher data rates as
well as to reductions in manufacturing costs. By summer 2003, most dual-band
802.11a/b products became dual-band/tri-mode, supporting a and b/g in a single
mobile adapter card or access point. Details of making b and g work well together
occupied much of the lingering technical process; in an 802.11g network, however,
activity of an 802.11b participant will reduce the data rate of the overall 802.11g
network.

Like 802.11b, 802.11g devices suffer interference from other products operating in
the 2.4 GHz band, for example wireless keyboards.

2007

In 2003, task group TGma was authorized to “roll up” many of the amendments to
the 1999 version of the 802.11 standard. REVma or 802.11ma, as it was called, created
a single document that merged 8 amendments (802.11a, b, d, e, g, h, i, j) with the
base standard. Upon approval on March 8, 2007, 802.11REVma was renamed to the
then-current base standard IEEE 802.11-2007.

2010

IEEE 802.11ad is an amendment that defines a new physical layer for 802.11
networks to operate in the 60 GHz millimeter wave spectrum. This frequency band
has significantly different propagation characteristics than the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz
bands where Wi-Fi networks operate. Products implementing the 802.11ad standard
are being brought to market under the WiGig brand name. The certification program
is now being developed by the Wi-Fi Alliance instead of the now
defunct WiGig Alliance. The peak transmission rate of 802.11ad is 7 Gbit/s.
2012

task group TGmb was authorized to “roll up” many of the amendments to the 2007
version of the 802.11 standard. REVmb or 802.11mb, as it was called, created a single
document that merged ten amendments (802.11k, r, y, n, w, p, z, v, u, s) with the 2007
base standard. In addition much cleanup was done, including a reordering of many
of the clauses. Upon publication on March 29, 2012, the new standard was referred
to as IEEE 802.11-2012.

2013

IEEE 802.11ac-2013 is an amendment to IEEE 802.11, published in December 2013,

that builds on 802.11n. Changes compared to 802.11n include wider channels (80 or
160 MHz versus 40 MHz) in the 5 GHz band, more spatial streams (up to eight
versus four), higher-order modulation (up to 256-QAM vs. 64-QAM), and the
addition of Multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO). As of October 2013, high-end
implementations support 80 MHz channels, three spatial streams, and 256-QAM,
yielding a data rate of up to 433.3 Mbit/s per spatial stream, 1300 Mbit/s total, in 80
MHz channels in the 5 GHz band.

Vendors have announced plans to release so-called “Wave 2” devices with support
for 160 MHz channels, four spatial streams, and MU-MIMO in 2014 and 2015.

2014

IEEE 802.11af, also referred to as “White-Fi” and “Super Wi-Fi” is an amendment,

approved in February 2014, that allows WLAN operation in TV white space
spectrum in the VHF and UHF bands between 54 and 790 MHz.

It uses cognitive radio technology to transmit on unused TV channels, with the

standard taking measures to limit interference for primary users, such as analog
TV, digital TV, and wireless microphones.

Access points and stations determine their position using a satellite positioning
system such as GPS, and use the Internet to query a geolocation database
(GDB) provided by a regional regulatory agency to discover what frequency
channels are available for use at a given time and position. The physical layer uses
OFDM and is based on 802.11ac.

The propagation path loss as well as the attenuation by materials such as brick and
concrete is lower in the UHF and VHF bands than in the 2.4 and 5 GHz bands, which
increases the possible range. The frequency channels are 6 to 8 MHz wide,
depending on the regulatory domain. Up to four channels may be bonded in either
one or two contiguous blocks.

MIMO operation is possible with up to four streams used for either space–time
block code (STBC) or multi-user (MU) operation. The achievable data rate per
spatial stream is 26.7 Mbit/s for 6 and 7 MHz channels, and 35.6 Mbit/s for 8 MHz
channels. With four spatial streams and four bonded channels, the maximum data
rate is 426.7 Mbit/s for 6 and 7 MHz channels and 568.9 Mbit/s for 8 MHz channels.

2016

IEEE 802.11-2016 is a revision based on IEEE 802.11-2012, incorporating 5

amendments (11ae, 11aa, 11ad, 11ac, 11af). In addition, existing MAC and PHY functions
have been enhanced and obsolete features were removed or marked for removal.
Some clauses and annexes have been renumbered.

WIFI HISTORY TIMELINE IN PHILIPPINES

The early history of the Internet in the Philippines started with the
establishment of Bulletin Board Systems (BBS) by computer hobbyist and
enthusiast. They were able to link their BBS’s using a dial-up connection protocol
enabling them to participate in discussion forums, send messages and share
files.[12][13]
1986:
Establishment of first BBS in the Philippines, Star BBS was formed by Efren Tercias
and James Chua of Wordtext Systems. Fox BBS was operated by Johnson Sumpio.
First-Fil RBBS a public-access BBS went online with an annual subscription fee of
P1,000. A precursor to the local online forum, it ran an open-source BBS software on
an IBM XT Clone PC with a 1200bit/s modem and was operated by Dan Angeles
and Ed Castañeda.
1987:
The Philippine FidoNet Exchange, a local network for communication between
several BBSes in Metro Manila, was formed.
1990:
A committee helmed by Arnie del Rosario of the Ateneo Computer Technology
Center was tasked with exploring the possibility of creating an academic network of
universities and government institutions by the National Computer Center under Dr.
William Torres. Recommendations were made but not implemented.
1991–1993:
Emergence of email gateways and services in the Philippines, including some from
multinational companies like Intel, Motorola, and Texas Instruments, which used a
direct Internet connection, X.25, or UUCP protocol. Local firms ETPI, Philcom,
and PLDT (Philippine Long Distance Telephone Company) also operated
commercial X.25 networks. Another milestone: Local and international email to
FidoNet users was introduced.
June 1993:
With the support of the Department of Science and Technology and the Industrial
Research Foundation, the Philnet project (now PHNET) was born. The Philnet
technical committee, composed of computer buffs working at the DOST [MIS
(Joseph Andres), PCASTRD (Merl Opena, Winnefredo Aggabao) and Advanced
Science and Technology Institute (Miguel Dimayuga)] and representatives from the
Ateneo de Manila University (Richie Lozada and Arnie del Rosario), De La Salle
University (Kelsey Hartigan-Go), University of the Philippines Diliman (Rodel
Atanacio), University of the Philippines Los Baños (Alfonso Carandang), Xavier
University (Bombim Cadiz) and St. Louis University (Ian Generalao); would
eventually play a significant role in connecting the Philippines to the global
Internet.[14]
July 1993:
Phase one of the Philnet project shifted into full gear after receiving funding from the
DOST. It proved to be successful, as students from partner universities were able to
send emails to the Internet by routing them through Philnet's gateway at the Ateneo
de Manila University, which was connected to another gateway at the Victoria
University of Technology in Australia via IDD Dial-Up (Hayes Modem).[15]
November 1993:
An additional P12.5-million grant for the first year's running cost was awarded by the
DOST to buy equipment and lease communication lines needed to kickstart the
second phase of Philnet, now led by Dr. Rudy Villarica.
March 29, 1994, 1:15 a.m.:
Benjie Tan, who was working for ComNet, a company that supplied Cisco routers to
the Philnet project, established the Philippine's first connection to the Internet at a
PLDT network center in Makati City. Shortly thereafter, he posted a short message
to the Usenet newsgroup soc.culture.filipino to alert Filipinos overseas that a link had
been made. His message read: "As of March 29, 1994 at 1:15 am Philippine time,
unfortunately 2 days late due to slight technical difficulties, the Philippines was
FINALLY connected to the Internet via SprintLink. The Philippine router, a Cisco
7000 router was attached via the services of PLDT and Sprint communications to
SprintLink's router at Stockton Ca. The gateway to the world for the Philippines will
be via NASA Ames Research Center. For now, a 64K serial link is the information
highway to the rest of the Internet world."
March 29, 1994,
10:18 a.m.: "We're in," Dr. John Brule, a Professor Emeritus in Electrical and
Computer Engineering at the Syracuse University, announced at The First
International E-Mail Conference at the University of San Carlos in Talamban, Cebu,
signifying that Philnet's 64 kbit/s connection was live.

(Find latest updates up to 2021)

 LOCAL: Philippine Long Distance Telephone Company (PLDT)

Company Profile:

PLDT is the Philippines' largest fully integrated telco company. Through its principal
business groups — from fixed line to wireless — PLDT offers a wide range of
telecommunications and digital services across the Philippines’ most extensive fiber optic
backbone, and fixed line and cellular networks.

PLDT is listed on the Philippine Stock Exchange (PSE:TEL) and its American Depositary
Shares are listed on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE:PHI). PLDT has one of the largest
market capitalizations among Philippine — listed companies.

Vision
Lead and inspire Filipinos to create a better tomorrow.

Mission
Empower Filipinos everywhere with customer-focused digital innovations
that unlock and share their infinite potential.

Values
 Deliver awesome customer experiences
 Take care of our people
 Collaborate to win
 Fast is better than perfect
 Malasakit
 Humility to listen and learn

PLDT HISTORY TIMELINE:

When PLDT was incorporated and given the franchise to establish and
operate telephone services in the country on November 28, 1928, a typhoon had just
ravaged Eastern Visayas, Bicol Peninsula, and Samar. The ability to communicate
amongst loved ones and across the country became crucial. Sadly, phone networks
then were like disconnected intercom systems and you could only call people within
your own small city.
 Filipinos were disconnected from neighboring towns, disconnected from
friends in the other island and, needless to say, disconnected from the rest of the
world. It was under this scenario that the law was signed giving birth to PLDT.

What the new law hoped to achieve was to interconnect these "intercom"
systems into a seamless nationwide network that would facilitate communication
and delivery of services to the people, as well as spur economic development in the
countryside.

The first president of PLDT was Theodore Vail Halsey while Major J.E.
Hamilton Stevenot, who represented the American firm General Telephone and
Electronics Corp. (GTE), was elected executive vice president and general manager.

Under the American owners of PLDT, many small phone companies in the
provinces were acquired by the Company to help speed up the rollout and
connection of these different phone systems all over the country. The management
of PLDT was then set to lay the groundwork towards linking Filipinos to each other
and, more importantly, to the world.

Industrial process:

Internal Disclosure Controls and Procedures The Internal Disclosure

Controls and Procedures provides the procedures to ensure that all information
required to be disclosed in reports to the Philippine Securities and Exchange
Commission, Philippine Stock Exchange, U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
and New York Stock Exchange are disclosed in accordance with the applicable
rules. These disclosures include the annual reports, quarterly reports, disclosures
of material information, events and transactions which could affect the market
price and trading of PLDT shares, press releases and materials for stockholders‟
meetings. In accordance with the abovementioned policy, major company
announcements are reviewed and approved by the Company‟s Disclosure
Committee, which is composed of certain members of Senior Management, and by
the Board of Directors or the Audit Committee, as applicable.