Reservoir Engineering!

-DR.M.J.A.PRINCE
 Introduction

Why it is important?

How oil is generated?

Time taken to generate

matured oil.

Role of reservoir engg.

Reservoir engineering is a key branch for hydrocarbon exploration and production.

It will objectify the pathway to produce oil economically.

A reservoir engineer has to define and predict its heterogeneity.

He has to avoid drilling unnecessary and expensive wells.

Should posses sound knowledge on directional permeability

Life of a Reservoir as aninfant
Exploration phase – confirming
pregnancy (hydrocarbon reserves)
by geologists

Delineation phase – defining

boundaries for appraisal

Development phase – well testing

For any allergies (discontinuities)

Production phase – primary,

secondary or Enhanced
normal delivery (Enhanced oil recovery)

Abandonment – closing the well

and discharge
 Max. production
Development or plateau region

5-7 y 10-15y
Exploration Decline Phase
Production rate

15-25 y

Deleaniation
And appraisal R eservoir engineering

Decommissioning or
Abandonment

2-5 y
2-5 y
3-5 y

Time
Geological(E)
Structure contour map: connection of equal depth
points
Topography map: height or elevations
Isopach map: thickness of stratigraphy
Geophysical survey (E)
Geophysical methods are more quicker and cheaper
They provide thorough coverage of entire area.
The results are less definitive so it has to be
correlated with other techniques.
Gravitimetric
magnetometric
Seismics
Seismics (E)

Two way travel time

‘S’ and ‘P’ wave
Reflection and refraction
Acoustic impedance
(seismic velocity * density layer)
Wild catdrilling
Exploration activity outside of existing known Successful stories
fields, is inherently risky.
2019 - ConocoPhillips Scandinavia AS in the
Lack of information. Norwegian side-one ten million standard cubic
feet of recoverable oil equivalent was
Uncertainty and gap discovered
One in three are successful
Some times rewarding 2020 – Guyana –Exxonmobil-six billion barrels.
Failures
2019 – cairne energy – Scotland abredeen –
fruitless.
Delineation
During appraisal, delineation wells might be
drilled to determine the size of the oil or gas
field and how to develop it most efficiently.
Additional seismic surveys
Drilling of appraisal wells
Reservoir simulation studies
Refine OOIP and OGIP
Perform initial Field Development Plan (FDP)
 Build up
Plateau

Production Decline
Plug and abandon
Permanently close the well

Isolate fresh water zone and protective

zones

No income in this phase

Two days to a week

Properties of reservoir rockand fluid
Porosity viscosity
Permeabilty Density
Capillary pressure Formation volume factor
Compressibility Pour point
Wettability Flash point
Compressibility
Solution gas
Porosity
Porosity = void volume / bulk volume
Void volume = Bulk – grain matrix

Matrix = cement + mineral grains and

other debris
Good porosity = 10% - 30%
Effective porosity is also known to be
permebilty
Permeabilty
The ability of a rock to bypass fluids

K = - q μ L/ A Δ P

Types

Effective permeability
Absolute permeability
Relative permeability
Compressibility
It is the fractional reduction of pore volume with little change in pressure.

C = 1/V ( dV/dP) (R )
C = -1/V(dV/dp)(f)
Relation b/w ϕ& K
According to poiseullies equation

𝑛𝜋𝑟 4
q= ∆𝑃
8𝜇 𝐿
L

According to darcys law

𝐾𝐴 𝑐 𝑛𝜋𝑟 4 ∆𝑃 𝐾𝐴 𝑐 𝑛𝜋𝑟 4 𝑉𝑝 𝑛𝜋𝑟 2 𝐿 𝑛𝜋𝑟 2

∆𝑃  ∆𝑃
= K= = ∅= = =
q = 𝜇 𝐿 8𝐴 𝑉𝑏 𝐴𝑐𝐿 𝐴
8𝜇 𝐿 𝜇 𝐿 𝑐 𝑐
𝑛𝜋𝑟 2 𝑟2 𝑟2
= * =∅ =k
𝐴 8 8
𝑐
Thankyou