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[ VAT ]
VAT
Back Ground
In the existing Sales Tax structure, there were problems of double taxation &
multiplicity of taxes ( Single Point, Multiple Point or Last Point taxation ),
resulting in a cascading tax burden.
Also, several States used to levy multiplicity of taxes, such as Turnover tax,
surcharge on sales Tax, Additional Surcharge etc. With introduction of VAT,
these other taxes have been abolished. As a result, overall tax burden is
rationalised and prices in general will fall.
VAT
The Tax structure has become simple which has improved tax compliance and
also enhanced revenue growth of State.
The VAT is therefore, helping common people, traders, industrialist and also
the Government. It is indeed move towards more efficiency, equal
competition and fairness in taxation regime.
VAT
What is VAT ?
Tax paid by the dealer on its purchase of goods & capital goods are eligible for
set off against payment of VAT. [ Input Tax Credit ]
[ Remember, A dealer can not claim the input tax credit if the purchase of goods
and capital goods are not meant for the business. ]
VAT
Central Sales Tax ( CST ) is charged by seller of goods when there is inter-State
sale. ( i.e. Sales made to dealer/consumer in other states.) In this case goods
moves from one State to another State. On the other hand, VAT is charged by the
seller of the goods, when he makes sales within the state.
[ Remember : No input tax credit is available when CST is paid. In other words,
inter-State purchase of goods are not vatable. ]
Input Tax Credit
On Purchases
Purchases Made Within State Purchases Made from outside State
Tax Money remains in the State Tax Money goes in the Seller’s State
of buyer & Seller.
Summary
VAT system are intra-State sale { within the State } while CST system are inter-
State sale { outside State }.
Variants of VAT
( Various Approaches for Input Credits )
Variants of VAT
( Various Approaches for Input Credits )
B] Income Variants :
C] Consumption Variants :
➢No need to examine whether the goods are capital goods or not.
➢VAT Calculation =[ VAT collected from Sales - VAT paid on Purchase of R.M
& on Capital Goods.]
VAT
A.Addition Method :
➢The tax is levied on full sale price & credit is given for the tax paid on
purchases made. Effectively tax is levied on value addition only.
➢Without proper purchase invoice the dealer can not avail input credit so
dealer will take due care to collect all invoice.
➢ Under this method, the purchase price is deducted from selling price and tax is paid on the net
amount only i.e.value added.
➢ (i) Direct Subtraction Method : Tax is levied on difference between aggregate value of sales
excluding tax & aggregate value of purchase excluding tax.
➢ (ii) Indirect Subtraction Method : Tax is levied on difference between aggregate value of sales
including tax & aggregate value of purchase including tax.
➢ This method is unpopular & cumbersome. It is sometime practically impossible to when various
inputs are used in manufacture of numerous output. It is also not preferred by dealers as their
margin gets disclosed.
VAT
❖ Advantages of VAT :
➔Easy to administer & transparent.
➔Less litigation
➔Self Assessment.
❖ Limitations of VAT :
➔Detailed Record maintenance.
➢ Imported Goods
➢ Inter-state purchases.