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STUDY GUIDE
1. Draw and label the parts in a mitochondrion and show where the different reactions
happen.
2. Write the chemical formula for cellular respiration in symbols and words.
C6H12O6+6O2 6CO2+6H2O+Energy (ATP)
Glucose (food) + oxygen = carbon dioxide + water + energy
pyruvic acid – came from glucose. If oxygen is present it will enter the krebs cycle. If no
oxygen present it will enter fermentation.
acetyl-CoA – Pyruvic acid is broken into this during the krebs cycle, it is a 2Carbon
molecule.
citric acid – formed when acetyl CoA joins with a 4Carbon molecule during the krebs cycle.
It is a 6Carbon molecule that gets broken down during the cycle.
FAD+ - Accepts electrons during the krebs cycle, thus forming FADH 2, which will be used
in ETC.
FADH2 – Donates its electrons to ETC, recreating FAD+, which gets recycled back to the
krebs cycle.
NAD+ - Accepts electrons during the krebs cycle, thus forming NADH, which will be used
in ETC.
NADH – Donates its electrons to ETC, recreating NAD+, which gets recycled back to the
krebs cycle.
CO2 - released as a waste product during the krebs cycle of aerobic respiration.
ATP – Energy that is produced during Glycolysis and aerobic respiration but not during
fermentation.
ATP synthase – a protein pump in the ETC, pumps Hydrogen ions across the membrane to
the matrix.
ETS – Transports electrons to produce ATP molecules, the most efficient process.
11. Which molecule forms when glucose is broken in half? Pyruvic acid – there are two
molecules total
o What happens to the carbons in glucose as they pass through cellular respiration?
The carbons combine with oxygen molecules, since cellular respiration takes place in
the presence of oxygen, and forms carbon dioxide molecules which are then exhaled
or released from the body.
12. What happens to pyruvic acid if there is no oxygen present? It enters fermentation
o Explain the difference between quick energy during exercise and long term
exercise?
Quick Energy
Fast, High Intensity Workouts - Weight Lift, Sprint
Not enough O2 Glycolysis & Lactic Acid Fermentation
0-90 seconds activity
Long-Term Energy
Steady, Low Intensity Workouts - Jog, walk, endurance
O2 available aerobic respiration
> 90 seconds of activity
Glycogen stores last ~15-20 minutes break down fats, etc.
14. What high energy electron carriers are used in respiration? NADH
o How are these different from the ones you learned about in photosynthesis?
They do not have a phosphate molecule.
15. What happens to the NADH’s produced during glycolysis and the Krebs cycle?
They donate their electrons and become NAD+ and then are recycled back to where they
came from to accept electrons again and continue the pathways.
16. What is another name for the Krebs cycle? _Citric Acid cycle___________
o How is CO2 formed?
As pyruvic acid and citric acid are broken down, they lose carbon molecules. The
carbon molecules combine with the surrounding oxygen molecules (because CR takes
place in the presence of oxygen) and form carbon dioxide which is released from the
body when we exhale.