Science Reading (2) Read the following passage. Rubber can be made from latex, the sap of a rubber tree. Rubber can also be made synthetically by combining the chemical elements carbon and hydrogen. Synthetic substances are often artificial imitations of natural substances. A synthetic that is exactly like a natural substance is made up of the same elements as the natural substance. For example, a natural diamond is made up of carbon atoms, but the atoms are arranged in a certain pattern. A synthetic diamond is also made up of carbon atoms, but the atoms are arranged in a pattern by people. Nevertheless, the synthetic diamond is still a real diamond. However, there are imitation diamonds made of the chemical compound titanium dioxide. These diamonds are not synthetic. They are fake diamonds because they are not made of up the same chemical elements as natural diamonds. A synthetic product may be better than a natural substance. For example, synthetic rubber is better than natural rubber for some uses because it can be made stronger. EXERCISE 1 Working Out the Meaning Find the words in the passage. Try to guess the meaning of the words from the passage. Circle the correct answer. 1. sap 2. synthetically 3. elements a. chemical a. artificially a. basic substances b. juice b. naturally b. products 4. imitations 5. pattern 6. fake a. chemicals a. substance a, false. b. copies b. arrangement b. natural EXERCISE 2 Dictionary Work—“Not real” ‘A. The words fake, false, counterfeit, phony, and artificial all mean “not real.” Put the words below under the correct heading. You may use the same word more than once. smile flowers sweetener address diamonds picture impression alarm money letters statement weeth | 16False Fake Counterfeit Phony Artificial 8. Add your own words under each heading. You can start a new heading. EXERCISE 3 Liquids EXAMPLE, Sap = liquid in a plant Juice = liquid in a fruit or vegetable Write the definitions of these words: 1. secretion = 2. resin = 3. extract = 4. fluid = EXERCISE 4 One word in each group does not belong. Find the word. 1. arrangement order copy 2, artificial compound counterfeit 3, aproduct a form of matter a basic substance 17Science Reading (3) Read the following passage. A satellite is a body that moves in an orbit about a larger body. Our moon is a satellite of Earth. Earth and the eight other planets are satellites of the sun. These are natural satellites. The Earth has many artificial satellites too. Most artificial satellites are used for research and communication. Communication satellites have had the greatest effect on our daily lives. They have made it possible for live radio and television broadcasts to be carried around the world. A communication satellite is like a big mirror for radio and television signals. A television signal is sent from Japan high into space and hits the communication satellite. It bounces off the satellite and is directed toward the United States, where it is picked up by television stations and relayed to millions of viewers at home. EXERCISE 1 Working Out the Meaning Find the words in the passage. Try to guess the meaning of the words from the passage. Circle the correct answer. 1. satellite 2. an orbit 3. live a. a body that moves a. aplanet a. seen as it happens b. abody that moves around —b. apath b. recorded a latger body 4. broadcasts 5. bounces off 6. relayed a. stations a. passes by a. transmitted b. presentations b. springs back from b. stopped EXERCISE 2 One word or word phrase in each group does not belong. Find the word. carry around relay hit transmit broadcast space viewers tel planet television satellite earth orbit communication radio television ion ses 18EXERCISE 3 Dictionary Work ‘The following words indicate “paths.” Choose the appropriate word to complete the sentences. orbit trail circuit course 1. The hunter followed the animal's . 2. The satellite went out of its____and lost contact with earth. 3. After the flood, the of the river changed. 4, The movie was shown only on closed television. EXERCISE 4 List as many synonyms of transmit and of its antonym pick up as you can. ‘Synonyms Antonyms 1. transmit pick up, 2 send out 3 4, 5, 6 19Reading on Literature Read the following passage. The three major types of poetry are narrative, lyric, and dramatic, Narrative poetry tells a story. It includes epic poems, which are long tales or stories usually taken from history, or legends about brave or heroic acts. The ballad is another kind of narrative poem. It is shorter and is often sung. Lyric poetry tells the poet's own feelings and thoughts. Lyric poems were once sung to the musical accompaniment of a stringed instrument called a lyre, after which the poetry was named. Dramatic poetry has characters who tell a story through dialogue, just as a play does. Some plays, such as those of Shakespeare, are written almost entirely in verse or poetry. EXERCISE 1 Working Out the Meaning Find the words in the passage. Try to guess the meaning of the words from the passage. Circle the correct answer. 1. narrative 2. epic a. poetry a. ashort story b. story b. along poem 3. tales 4. heroic a. stories a. something from history b. poems b. something brave 5. characters 6. dialogue a. poems a. conversation b. people b. thoughts 7. verse a. poetry b. songs EXERCISE 2 Dictionary Work Look up the words below and then complete the sentences. a chronicle verse dialogue prose a nursery rhyme a rhyme a poet allyric an epic amonologue | 201. Along story full of brave actions is 2. Aperson who writes poems is A story or real events over a period of time in the order in which they happened is A short story that is often sung is poem. Shakespeare's plays are written in Written language, not poetry, as in books or newspapers is called ‘Aword or line which ends with the same sound as another as in “day” and “way” is None A hort well-known song or poem for young children is 8. Along speech or poem spoken by one person is, 10. Awritten conversation in a book or play is EXERCISE 3 ‘One word in each group does not belong. Find the word. 1. story tale anecdote abridgement 2, fearless heroic accomplished brave 3. personage figure accompaniment character 4, legend fable history myth 21