Decay Rot buildings apples EXERCISE 6 Preserve We can preserve things in many ways. Gan you add to the list below? 1. To dehydrate—to remove water from 2. Topickle—to put in vinegar and salt water 3. 4, Sample TOEFL® Tests ‘The following three passages are similar to those found in the Reading Section of the TOEFL® test. Sample Test 1 Anna Mary Robertson Moses, known as “Grandma” Moses, began to paint in 1938 at the age of 78, after giving up embroidery due to an arthritic condition. Two years later her first exhibition was held and this 80-year-old self-taught artist experienced sudden and dramatic success. Moses had spent her life first as a hired girl and later as the wife of a farmer, and her paintings reflected the peace and simplicity of the country life she had always known. Scenes such as harvesting, collecting sap for maple syrup, county {airs and landscapes in all seasons from snow-covered villages to summer fields, were the pleasant subje¢ts she chose for her work. People were attracted to Moses’ appealing subjects and her renditions of the seasons and landscapes of her native New York State. However they were just as moved by the story of this gifted octogenarian who with no formal training went from complete obscurity to world fame in a handful of years, and who opened up for them a rustic world of tranquility and simple pleasure they yearned to enjoy. 24EXERCISE 1 Circle the letter of the correct answer. 1, Which of the following words could best be substituted for “reflected”? (A) Polished (B) Caught (C) Recognized (D) Copied 2. The word “renditions” could best be replaced by which of the following? (A) Depictions (B) Recollections (C) Translations (D) Patterns 3. The word “octogenarian” could best be replaced by which of the following? (A) Person in his seventies (8) Person in his nineties (C)_ Person in his eighties (P) Person who has eight talents 4, The word “obscurity” could best be replaced by which of the following? (A) Uncertainty (B) Incomprehensibility (C) Poverty (D) Unknown 5. Which of the following words could best be substituted for “rustic”? (A) Degenerate (8) Country (C) Rusted (D) Contemporary 6. The word “yearned” could best be replaced by which of the following? (A) Longed (8) Appeared (C) Contemplated (D) Imagined EXERCISE 2 Dictionary Work Look at the following prefixes: uni:, mono-: one duo-, bi-: two i= three quad-, quart-: four pent, quin-: five sex-: six sept-: seven oct-: eight non-: nine dec-: ten cent-: hundred A. Use your dictionary to complete the sentences below using the prefixes above. 1. Afiag with three colors is a flag 2. Five children bom at the same time are 3. Abicycle with one wheel is a 4, One hundred years is a 5. Ashape with five sides is a 251 B. Se@ene A person who is in his/her sities is a _—_ Aten-event athletic contest is called Something with one unvaried sound is A magazine that appears twice a month is To make something four times as great is to it, Write one other word that can be made with each of the prefixes above. Sample Test 2 In the brutal high-desert environment of California's White Mountains, the bristlecone pines, their bare and twisted frames looking more dead than alive, preside over an eerle rock-strewn landscape. Capable of enduring bitter cold, ceaseless wind and extreme drought, the bristlecones are the oldest living things on earth, enduring for more than 4,000 years. In many cases, much of the tree's wood is dead, but live branches persistently grow from trunks and limbs. Ironically, for all their ability to exist under such harsh conditions, the bristlecone pine could not exist in another environment, having lost its ability to produce hardier strains that could compete with other trees and vegetation. In all probability, these trees will never extend their range, and are essentially at the end of their evolutionary development. EXERCISE 1 Circle the letter of the correct answer. 1. Which of the following words could best be substituted for “eerie”? (A) Irritating (B) Ghostly (C) Artificial (0) Faraway ‘The word “strewn” could best be replaced by which of the following? (A) Damaged (B) Looking (C) Scattered (D) Shaped ‘The word “ceaseless” could best be replaced by which of the following? (A) Continual (8) Corrosive (C) Potent (0) Infinite The word “persistently” could best be replaced by which of the following? (A) Perilously (B) imaginatively (C) Tenaciously (D) Harmoniously The word “strains” could best be replaced by which of the following? (A) Traces (8) Varieties (C) Remnants (D) Projections 26‘6. Which of the following words could best be substituted for “range”? (A) Length (B) Sphere (C) Wilderness (D) Scope EXERCISE 2 The word *rock-strewn” is a compound adjective. What other compounds (nouns and adjectives) can you make with the words in bold print? EXAMPLE Rock rock-bottom igneous rock motten fall salt crystal weed rose oil bound candy pervious Tree genealogical house line frog farm banana vascular Now add your own words to make more compounds. Make as many compound nouns and adjectives as possible with the words “environment” and “andscape.” Environment Landscape 27Sample Test 3 Art as a reflection of human social history is clearly illustrated in the Pop Art style of the 1960s. In the post-World War Il years, Americans were inundated with material goods from cars to kitchen appliances. The manufactured products and ready-made experiences with which Americans surrounded themselves were part of a modern era epitomized by TV screens, slick magazines, fast food and air- conditioned cars. Dramatic cultural changes occurred in American life, which profoundly affected American painting, in style as well as content. The ever-multiplying images of the new consumer society became the subjects of Pop (for popular) Art, represented in paintings by Andy Warhol, Roy Lichtenstein, Claes Oldenburg, and James Rosenquist. These artists not only used standardized, mass-produced goods as the subjects of their paintings but came as close as they could to the containers in which these products were packaged. Andy Warhol's One Hundred Campbell's Soup Cans (1962), Roy Lichtenstein's Whaam! (1963), and James Rosenquist’s F-J1/ (1965) are examples of the artists’ use of ordinary objects, presented as they appear, as subjects for painting. in doing so, these Pop artists were presenting a “new realism,” or reflection, of contemporary life in America. EXERCISE 1 Circle the letter of the correct answer. 1. The word “reflection” could best be replaced by which of the following? (A) Imagination (8) Contemplation (C) Representation (D) Absorption 2. Which of the following words could best be substituted for “inundated”? (A) Ruined (8) Beaten (C) Embarrassed (0) Overwhelmed 3. The word “epitomized” could best be replaced by which of the following? (A) Typitfied (8) Systemized (C) Supervised (0) Glorified 4. The word “slick” could best be replaced by which of the following? (A) Smooth (8) Glossy (©) Monotonous (D) Educational 5. Which of the following words could best be substituted for “profoundly”? (A) Deeply (B) Mysteriously (C) Partially (0) Scientifically 6. The word “contemporary” could best be replaced by which of the following? (A) Fashionable (8) Advanced (C) Untraditional (0) Present-day 28EXERCISE 2 A. Which of the following words are NOT related to art? Look up the words in a dictionary and check the ones not related to art. 1. Impressionism 2. Silurian _____ 3. Expressionism 4. Carboniferous —_ 5. Surrealist _—____ 6. Cretaceous —_ 7. Cubism ___.. 8. Triassic B. What are the other words related to? EXERCISE 3 Give antonyms for these words: inundated slick contemporary profoundly to present (v) za eon 29