Universidad de las Américas

Tropical Medicine

Name: Vivian Esther Alvarez Espinel

ID Banner: A00073018
NRC: MED 4268 – 10
Topic: Glossary of Tropical Medicine
1. “Tapir” nose. – A term for describe an ulceration and destruction of the nasal
septum, produced by Leishmaniasis. (The free Dictionary by Farlex, Sf.)
2. Actinomycosis. – Is an infection with a chronic, slowly progressive, nontender,
indurated mas, then evolves such as multiple abscesses, fistula in the cervical
region. This disease is caused by the gram-positive bacteria Actinomyces.
(Sharkawy, Chow, 2020)
3. Blindness. - Is a vision loss. Acute persistent visual loss is lasting at least 24
hours, and not caused by transient ischemia. Acute transient visual loss lasting
less than 24 hours. (Leveque, 2020)
4. Chagas disease. – Is an infection by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi.
The main manifestations are Chagas cardiomyopathy and gastrointestinal disease.
(Bern, 2020)
5. Foodborne illnesses. – It refers to diseases of infectious or toxic nature caused by
the consumption of contaminated food or water. Also are classified into two
groups that are intoxication and infection. (Rupali, 2019, p.5)
6. Guinea worm disease. – The infection is transmitted by contaminated water with
copepods infected with larvae of Dracunculus medinensis. This disease produces
a skin papule, but before can be present fever, urticaria, dizziness, nausea,
vomiting, and diarrhea. (Leder y Weller, 2020)
7. Health. - Is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a “state of
complete physical, mental and social well-being not merely the absence of disease
or infirmity”. (Rupali, 2019, p.3)
8. Heat Exhaustion. – Inability to maintain necessary cardiac output due to a
strenuous physical exercise or environmental heat stress. A manifest is a physical
collapse during exercise. (G O'Connor y J Casa, 2020)
9. Heat Stroke. – Elevation of core body temperature more of 36 to 37.5º due to a
failure of thermoregulation. (Mechem, 2019)
10. Hookworm disease. – Infection caused by Ancylostoma duodenale, A. ceylanicum
y Necator americanus. The life cycle starts with elimination of eggs in feces, then
by moisture, warmth, shade, eggs become larvae in contaminated soil, where the
larvae penetrate the skin of bare feet. Their finish place is the distal jejunum and
attach to the intestinal wall, where produce blood loss of host. (CDC, 2019)
11. Infection. – Is caused by ingestion of food containing viable pathogens. (Rupali,
2019, p.5)
12. Intoxication. - Is caused by ingestion of toxin produced by pathogens. In addition,
can be caused by eating animals that have consumed toxin-producing organisms.
(Rupali, 2019, p.5)
13. killer bees. – Dangerous insects that can follow to persons more than a quarter of
a mile, that is why the nickname. They are the Africanized bees. (PestWorld, 2020)
14. Malnutrition. - This term refers to wasting, stunting, or micronutrient
deficiencies, although some authors include overnutrition/obesity. (Goday, 2020).
15. Miliaria Rubra. – A type of miliaria, characterized by skin lesions such as y
erythematous 2 to 4 mm papules, papulovesicular or pustular. This is due to
blockage within the eccrine sweat duct. Then, known as "sweat rash". (Miller,
2019)
16. Myiasis. – Skin lesion caused by arthropod bites that transmitted larval which
penetrate the skin human host. Initially is like an insect bite that become in a nodule
of 1 to 3 cm in diameter. (Wilson, 2019)
17. Neglected tropical diseases. – In the 2017, the World Health Organization
determined some communicable diseases as neglected tropical diseases, between
these: Buruli Ulcer, Chagas Disease, Chromoblastomycosis external icon,
Cysticercosis, Dengue Fever, between others. Also, there are main six NTDs can
be controlled or eliminated with a mass administration of safe and effective
medicine to Dracunculiasis (Guinea Worm Disease), Lymphatic Filariasis,
Onchocerciasis, Schistosomiasis, Soil-transmitted Helminths (STH) and
Trachoma. (CDC, 2020)
18. Nonvenomous insects. - These bite to feed on the blood of mammals. (Rupali,
2019, p.7)
19. Paederus dermatitis. - It occurs when humans accidentally step on an insect of
the genus Paederus that releases a toxin called pederin, which is a potent toxin
produced by Pseudomonas bacteria found in the female beetle hemolymph. The
result lesions are erythema, edema, vesicles, bullae, and oozing. (Goldner and
Fransway, 2018)
20. Pellagra. – Deficiency of vitamin B3 (niacin). Their clinical manifestations are
photosensitive dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia. A main characteristic is Casal's
necklace which is an erythema and hyperpigmentation around the neck onto the
chest. (Elmets, 2019)
21. Poisonous animals. – Animals that administer secretions (toxins) passively
through their skin when another organism touches or ingests, no need for a bite or
sting. The toxins even can cause temporary illness or death. (Gwaltney-Brant,
2017)
22. Preventive chemotherapy. - Is one important intervention used to control and
eliminate five neglected tropical diseases such as lymphatic filariasis,
onchocerciasis, schistosomiasis, soil-transmitted helminthiasis, and trachoma. It
deals of a distribution of safe, single-dose medicines against of these pathogens.
(Rupali, 2019, p.13)
23. Tropical Medicine. - Is a branch of Medicine to study the communicable or
noncommunicable diseases in the tropics. (Rupali, 2019, p.1)
24. Tropics. - Are regions situate between the tropics the tropics of Cancer and
Capricorn. Include parts of Central, and South America, Australia, Africa, India,
and Oceania. (Rupali, 2019, p.2)
 25. Tungiasis. – Single and multiple nodules with a black color centrally, due to the
female sand flea (Tunga penetrans) that penetrate the skin feet. (Wilson, 2019)
26. Vector Borne. – Is other kind of transmission where the human become infected
through an intermediate host, such as the Aedes aegypti that transmitted diseases
like Dengue, yellow fever, chikungunya and Zika. (Rupali, 2019, p.7)
27. Venomous insects. – These attack as a defense mechanism injecting painful toxic
venom through their stings. (Rupali, 2019, p.7)
28. Waterborne or water-related diseases. – Are diseases resulting from indirect and
direct exposure to water. There are four routes of transmission. (Rupali, 2019, p.4)
29. Yaws. – It begins with a bacteria-laden papilloma that can then ulcerate making
diagnosis difficult at this point. Treatment is to prescribe azithromycin. (WHO,
2019)
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