The four largest moons—Titania, 

Oberon, Umbriel, and Ariel, in order

of decreasing size—have densities of 1.4–1.7 grams per cubic cm. This
range is only slightly greater than the density of a hypothetical object
that would be obtained by cooling a mixture of solar composition and
removing all the gaseous components. The object that remained would
be 60 percent ice and 40 percent rock. In contrast to these four
is Miranda, the fifth largest Uranian moon, but only half the size of
Ariel or Umbriel. Like the smaller moons of Saturn, Miranda has a
density (1.2 grams per cubic cm) that is slightly below the solar
composition value, which indicates a higher ice-to-rock ratio.

moons of Uranus: Ariel

Ariel (white dot) and its shadow (black dot) crossing the face of Uranus in an image captured by the
Hubble Space Telescope.
NASA, ESA, L. Sromovsky (University of Wisconsin, Madison), H. Hammel (Space
Science Institute), and K. Rages (SETI)
Water ice shows up in the surface spectra of the five major moons.
Because the reflectivities of the moons are lower than that of pure ice,
the obvious implication is that their surfaces consist of dirty water ice.
The composition of the dark component is unknown, but, at
wavelengths other than those of water, the surface spectra seem evenly
dark, indicating a neutral gray colour and thus ruling out material
such as iron-bearing minerals, which would impart a reddish tinge.
One possibility is carbon, originating from inside the moons in
question or from Uranus’s rings, which could have
released methane gas that later decomposed to produce solid carbon
when bombarded by charged particles and solar ultraviolet light.
Titania, the largest moon of Uranus, in a composite of images taken by Voyager 2 as it made its
closest approach to the Uranian system on Jan. 24, 1986. In addition to many small bright impact
craters, there can be seen a large ring-shaped impact basin in the upper right of the moon's disk near
the terminator (day-night boundary) and a long, deep fault line extending from near the centre of the
moon's disk toward the terminator. Titania's neutral gray colour is representative of the planet's five
major moons as a whole.
NASA/JPL
Two observations indicate that the surfaces of the major moons are
porous and highly insulating. First, the reflectivity increases
dramatically at opposition, when the observer is within 2° of
the Sun as viewed from the planet. Such so-called opposition surges
are characteristic of loosely stacked particles that shadow each other
except in this special geometry, in which the observer is in line with
the source of illumination and can see the light reflecting directly back
out of the spaces between the particles. Second, changes in surface
temperatures seem to follow the Sun during the day with no
appreciable lag due to thermal inertia. Again, such behaviour is
characteristic of porous surfaces that block the inward flow of heat.
Oberon, outermost of the five major moons of Uranus, as recorded by Voyager 2 on Jan. 24, 1986.
The image, which is the best taken of the moon, shows several large impact craters surrounded by
bright rays of ejecta. The most prominent crater, situated just below the centre of Oberon's disk, has
a bright central peak and a floor partially covered with dark material. Rising on the lower left limb
against the dark background is a mountain estimated to be 6 km (4 miles) high.
NASA/Caltech/JPL