ANSWERS SET A

1. (a) Sugar dissolves in water up to a limit and after this it cannot dissolve any more.
(b) i. The amount of sugar in the solution
ii. The concentration of sugar in the solution
iii. The quantity of water
(c) Heat the water

2. (a) As the weight of the load increases, the length of the spring increases.
(b) i. Weight of the load
ii. Type of spring
iii. Length of the spring

(c)

(d) The length of the spring is directly proportional to the weight of the load acting on it.

3. (a)

(b) The larger the force is, the longer the extension of the spring will be.
(c) i. The force
ii. The type of the spring

4. (a) (i) 4.5 cm

(ii) 4.0 cm
(b) A metal is ductile while a non-metal is not ductile.
(c) The weight
(d) The length of the aluminium wire will increase.

5. (a) 4 cm
(b) (i) The mass of iron ball
(ii) The mass of plastic ball
(c) If the mass of the iron ball which collides with the plastic ball is higher, the displacement of
the plastic ball will be shorter.
(d) 2 cm

6. (a) The student can estimate the weight of objects without looking at the objects
(b) The ability to estimate the weight of objects
(c) The student can arrange the objects correctly
(d) i. Kinaesthetic sense
ii. Stretch receptor/Proprioceptor
(e) Kinaesthetic sense allows a person to estimate the weight of objects without looking at the
objects.

7. (a) The body shows a reflex action when it receives a stimulus.

(b) i. Student
ii. Stimulus
iii. Body action
(c) A quick and automatic response to a stimulus.
(d) Coughing

8. (a) i. Time taken

ii. Mass of empty can
(b) Student B can organize the cans in a shorter time than other students.
(c) All blindfolded students have the ability to arrange the empty cans in different
arrangements./The time taken by the blindfolded students to arrange the empty cans is different.
(d) Proprioceptors enable blindfolded students to arrange the empty cans in the correct
order./Proprioceptors enable blindfolded students to arrange the empty cans without looking.

9. (a) i. The pointer of voltmeter 1 does not defl ect, while the pointer of voltmeters 2 and 3 defl ect.
ii. There is a flow of electric current through the circuit.

(b)

(c) The pair of metal plates used.

(d) Iron
(e) The voltage of the cell produced will be greater if the metals are further apart in the reactivity
series.

10. (a) (i) Type of substance

(ii) Ability to conduct electricity in the solid or molten state.
(b) Atomic substances conduct electricity in both the solid and molten states. Ionic substances
conduct electricity only in the molten state whereas molecular substances do not conduct
electricity in both the solid and molten states.
(c) X: Atomic substance
Y: Ionic substance
(d) Ionic substances are substances that can conduct electricity only in the molten state.
11. (a) To study the reaction of metals with oxygen
(b) i. The type of metal
ii. The reaction of the metal with oxygen
(c) Z → Y → X
(d) It is situated between metal X and metal Y.

12. (a) To study the nutrient requirements of plants

(b) i. Types of culture solution
ii. The growth of seedling
(c)
Test
tube Observation
Tabung Pemerhatian
uji
U Normal growth
V Retarded growth, leaves turn yellow
W Retarded growth, dead on the edge and
tip of leaves tissues
(d) To prevent sunlight which supports the growth of algae in the culture solution
(e) Controlled experiment

13. (a)
Final length (cm)
Type of rubber Original length (cm) Extension (cm)
Panjang
Jenis getah Panjang asal (cm) Pemanjangan (cm)
akhir (cm)
Natural rubber 10 14 4
Vulcanised
10 12 2
rubber

(b) The vulcanised rubber strip is harder than the natural rubber strip.
(c) i. Type of rubber
ii. Extension of the rubber strip
(d) Vulcanisation is the introduction of the sulphur into the natural rubber molecule. This is
achieved by immersing natural rubber into sulphur monochloride. Vulcanisation improves the
hardness of natural rubber.

14. (a) To study the effect of pH on the growth of bacteria

(b) Bacteria grow best in neutral medium.
(c) i. pH of the medium
ii. The temperature/ volume of the nutrient broth used
(d) Nutrient broth in test tube Z

15. (a) (i) Light intensity

(ii)Growth of yeast
(b) Yeast produces more gas bubbles in dark condition.
(c) The more reactive the metal is, the more gas will be produced.
(d) The rate of growth of yeast is the number of gas bubbles produced per minute.

16. (a) If the gradient of the runway is greater, the velocity will be higher.
(b) i. The gradient of the runway
ii. The velocity of the trolley
(c) i. Experiment 1: Velocity = 12
0.02 x 10
= 60 cm s-1
ii. Experiment 2:Velocity = 20
0.02 x 10
= 100 cm s-1

17. (a) As the temperature rises, more gas bubbles will be produced.
(b) Concentration of carbon dioxide
(c) 34 ºC
(d) Photosynthesis
(e) The rate of photosynthesis increases with increase of temperature.

18. (a) To study the effect of the antibiotic, penicillin on the growth of bacteria
(b) To ensure all the apparatus and materials are free of bacteria at the beginning of the
experiment
(c) (i) Clear
(ii) Cloudy
(d) Antiobiotics inhibit the growth of bacteria.

(e)

19.(a) The optimum temperature for the growth of bacteria is 37ºC.

(b) The same type/ concentration of nutrient jelly is used/exposed to the same amount of light
(c) To prevent water of condensation from forming on the surface of the nutrient jelly as this will
affect the growth of the bacteria.

(d)

(e) 35ºC.
(f) Bacteria are microorganisms that can grow to form colonies. If more colonies of bacteria are
formed, the conditions are more suitable for the growth of bacteria.

20. (a)

(b) 16 bubbles of gas

(c) Oxygen
(d) As the light intensity increases, more gas bubbles will be produced.
(e) No bubbles of gas are produced.

SECTION C

1. (a) Increasing the number of batteries used increases the brightness of the bulb.
(b) i. To study the relationship between the number of batteries used and the brightness of the
bulb
ii. • Manipulated variable: The number of batteries
• Responding variable: The brightness of the bulb
• Constant variable: The number of bulbs used
iii. Batteries, bulb and wire
iv.

1. The apparatus is set up as shown in the above diagram.

2. The brightness of the bulb is observed and recorded.
3. The experiment is repeated by using two and three batteries.
4. The brightness of the bulb is recorded.
v.
2. (a) • Sensory neurone – It receives and transmits impulses from a receptor to the central
nervous system.
• Motor neurone – It transmits impulses from the central nervous system to an effector.
• Relay neurone – It sends impulses from a sensory neurone to a motor neurone.

(b) • Name of the action: Reflex action

• Diagram of the nervous pathway:

• The pathway of impulse:

• Examples: Knee jerk and sneezing

3. (a) • Depressants:
Delay reactions towards stimuli/Help people to calm down
• Stimulants:
Increase the metabolic rate/Stay awake/Active
• Hallucinogen:
Hallucinations
• Narcotics:
Relieve pain/Induce sleep

(b) i. 1. Chemical substances

2. Change the normal functions of the body
ii. Chemical substances that change the normal functions of the body are drugs.
 iii. Cannabis
It causes confusion and hallucination.
iv. Drugs are chemical substances that change the normal functions of the body.

4. (a) Reasons for drug abuse among teenagers

• Peer influence
• Curiosity to try
• Pleasure
• Unawareness of the danger of drugs
• Personal problems

(b) • Identifying the problem: How he can get his son out of the drug problem?
• Methods of solving:
– Show his love for his son
– Send his son to the a drug rehabilitation centre
– Control his son so that he does not spend time with his friends who are drug addicts
– Control the amount of money he gives to his son so that his son will use his money
wisely
• The best method chosen: If his son is already addicted to drugs, it is better to send him
to a drug rehabilitation centre. In this centre, he will get proper help to recover from drug
addiction. Parental love should be given before the child is involved in drug addiction, so
that he will not try drugs.

5. (a) The melting point of atomic substance is higher than molecular substance.
(b)(i)To compare the melting points of atomic substance and molecular substance.
(ii)Manipulated variable: Type of substance
Responding variable: Melting point
Constant variable: Quantity of substance
(iii) Copper powder and sulphur powder of the same amount, Bunsen burner, tripod stand,
crucible, spatula and thermometer
(iv) 1. The copper powder is put in a crucible.
2.The crucible is heated strongly until copper powder melts.
3.The temperature when copper powder melts is recorded.
4.The experiment is repeated with sulphur powder.
(v)
Type of substance Melting point (°C)
Copper  
Sulphur  

6. (a)Impurities increase the boiling point of distilled water.

(b) (i)To study the effect of impurities on the boiling point of a pure liquid
(ii) Constant variable: Volume of solution
Manipulated variable: Presence or absence of impurities (salt) in solution
Responding variable: Boiling point of solution
(iii)Distilled water, salt, 100 cm3 beaker, wire gauze, tripod stand, Bunsen burner,
thermometer
(iv)
 1.50 cm3 of distilled water is poured into a beaker.
2.The water is heated until it boils and its temperature is recorded.
3.Repeat the experiment and add a small amount of salt to the distilled water.
4.The mixture is heated until it boils and its temperature is recorded.
(v)
Type of solution Temperature (°C)
Distilled water 100
Distilled water
102
containing salt

7. (a) – Throwing rubbish into the river

– Throwing rubbish around the riverbank
– Washing car with detergents that pollute the water
– Using soap and shampoo that will pollute the water
(b) Identify cation of the problem:
Human activities affect the balance of nature and cause environmental pollution.
Clarification of the problem:
What you can do to prevent humans from polluting the river
Methods of solving:
– Enforcement of laws – issue summonses against people who throw rubbish into the
river and the surrounding area
– Carrying out ‘adopting a river’ projects
– Carrying out environmental awareness campaigns at society and community levels.
Choose the best method:
Carrying out ‘adopting a river’ projects because these projects will encourage people to
keep the rivers in their neighbourhood clean and encourage them to appreciate the
beautiful ecosystems of rivers.

8. Causes:
– Carbon dioxide and other air pollutants that are collecting in the atmosphere like a
thickening blanket
– trapping the sun’s heat and causing the earth to warm up
Evidence:
– More frequent extreme weather conditions
– Melting of ice in the arctic and Antarctic ocean
– Spreading of tropical diseases
– Disappearance of glaciers
Present danger:
– Increasing storms and floods
– Deaths due to climatic changes
– Weather-related natural disasters
– Island are endangered by rising seas
How to overcome the problem:
– carry out reforestation
– prevent forest fires
– makes conservations of energy a part of your daily routine